Multimorbidity transitions and the associated healthcare cost among the Finnish adult population during a two-year follow-up by Katja Wikström, Miika Linna, Eeva Reissell, Tiina Laatikainen

“…At baseline, patients were classified as ‘non-multimorbid’, ‘multimorbid’ or ‘multimorbid at risk’ based on the recordings of a diagnosis of interest. The costs were calculated using the care-related patient grouping and national standard rates. …”
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Injury Patterns in Fencing Athletes – A Retrospective Review by Emily R Cross, Sloane M Lynch, Patricia E Miller, Danielle L Hunt, Cynthia J Stein

“…Extensor mechanism dysfunction, primarily patellofemoral pain, was the most common diagnosis. Hand dominance, patient age, and patient sex did affect different injury characteristics…”
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Neurobiology of Vascular Dementia by Ana-Maria Enciu, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Laurenţiu M. Popescu, Dafin F. Mureşanu, Bogdan O. Popescu

“…We suggest that, in the age of genetic investigation and molecular diagnosis, the concept of vascular dementia needs a new approach.…”
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Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): A Case Report and Review of Literature by Jordan Roussel, Sudha Pandit, Paul Jordan, Moheb Boktor, Kurt Knowles, Nester Dela Cruz, Hrishikesh Samant

“…The common causes of abnormal liver chemistries in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are multifactorial. Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in HIV infected patients is intriguing but data is scarce. …”
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Treatment of Thoracolumbar Spinal Infections through Anterolateral Approaches Using Expandable Titanium Mesh Cage for Spine Reconstruction by Tarantino Roberto, Marruzzo Daniele, Cappelletti Martina, De Giacomo Tiziano, Delfini Roberto

“…From the cases studied here, it is evident that spinal infections can be extremely insidious and that diagnosis tends to be reached late. Surgery, along with the antibiotic treatment, allows for eradication of the causes of the pathology by the reclamation of the affected region. …”
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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Postpartum Preeclamptic Woman without Seizure by Ülkü Mete Ural, Gülsah Balik, Şenol Şentürk, Işık Üstüner, Uğur Çobanoğlu, Figen Kır Şahin

“…Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is reversible when early diagnosis is established and appropriate treatment is started without delay.…”
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The Relationship between Erythrocytes and Diabetes Mellitus by Yaqi Wang, Peiyuan Yang, Zhaoli Yan, Zhi Liu, Qiang Ma, Zehong Zhang, Yunxia Wang, Yan Su

“…The detection of erythrocyte-related indicators can provide a valuable reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DM and its complications. …”
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Cricoid chondroma presenting as upper airway obstruction: A report of a rare case by Samuel Sisay Hailu, MD, Eyoel Degafu, MD, Tequam Debebe, MD, Yonas Shumiye, MD, Bizunesh Dires, MD, Bethlehem Tesfasilassie Kibrom, MD

“…A combination of clinical, histological, and radiological data has paramount importance for accurate diagnosis of this rare disease. It is difficult to differentiate laryngeal chondroma from chondrosarcoma solely based on radiological imaging; therefore, radiologists need to specify the origin of the tumor and the level of extension. …”
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A Case of Rare Complication of Inguinal Parietoplasty according to Lichtenstein: Entero Cutaneous Fistula by K. B. Kouakou, K. I. Anzoua, M. Traore, B. K. I. Leh, A. B. N’Dri, A. S. Ekra, B. A. Kouakou, R. Lebeau, B. Diané

“…The authors report their treatment experience in rural Africa of a late enterocutaneous fistula which aggravated an inguinal hernia repair according to the Lichtenstein procedure. Physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of that disease are analyzed in the light of literature.…”
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Diagnosing Spinal Gout: A Rare Case of Back Pain and Fever by Andres Cordova Sanchez, Maneesh Bisen, Farzam Khokhar, Adriana May, Jihad Ben Gabr

“…Imaging findings are, for the most part, nonspecific and often mimic infectious etiologies. Definitive diagnosis requires pathological examination. Thus, it can be easily missed. …”
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Fluorescence-Guided Resection of Malignant Glioma with 5-ALA by Sadahiro Kaneko, Sadao Kaneko

“…The resection rate of malignant glioma has increased from 40% to 80% owing to 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD). Furthermore, ALA is very useful because it has no serious complications. …”
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Rural Acoustic Landscape Analysis Based on Segmentation and Extraction of Spectral Image Feature Information by Huijun Xiao, Tangsen Huang, Ensong Jiang

“…Spectrograms are used in mechanical fault diagnosis systems to answer questions such as the location, type, and extent of the fault. …”
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Clinical Characteristics of Choroidal Metastases by Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Karolina Gerba-Górecka, Agnieszka Nowak, Joanna Kowal, Magdalena Dębicka-Kumela, Dagmara Nowak

“…This article outlines the characteristic clinical features along with ultrasound and optical coherence tomography findings that aid in differential diagnosis. It also illustrates the growth pattern of metastatic nodules from their formation to their eventual fusion into a diffuse tumor conglomerate with an irregularly shaped surface and internal structure…”
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Orthodontic retainers: are they all the same? by Telma Martins de ARAUJO, Paula Paes FERREIRA, Izabelle Alice Pinheiro Barros LISBOA, Carlos Jorge VOGEL, Carolina Ribeiro STARLING

“…Objective: This article discusses the importance of the orthodontic retention phase and the influence of diagnosis, planning and execution of corrective treatment of malocclusions, in order to achieve the expected success. …”
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Ameloblastoma of the Sinonasal Tract: Report of a Case with Clinicopathologic Considerations by Maria Grazia Tranchina, Paolo Amico, Antonio Galia, Carmela Emmanuele, Vincenzo Saita, Filippo Fraggetta

“…The tumour was completely excised endoscopically, and a final diagnosis of ameloblastoma was rendered. At the 12-month followup, there was no evidence of recurrence.…”
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Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis by Qinghua Fang, Jiaxin Ou, Kutty Selva Nandakumar

“…In addition, autoantibodies are proven to be useful disease markers for RA, and different diagnostic tools are being developed for early diagnosis of the clinical disease. Recently, a direct link was proposed between the presence of autoantibodies and bone erosion as well as in the induction of pain. …”
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Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Testicular Pain: An Unusual Case Report by Jinal K. Patel, Varun Reddy, Gauthier Stepman, Debra Angelo, Johnathan Frunzi

“…Laboratory results and imaging revealed a presumptive diagnosis of PCC. The patient had undergone robot-assisted laparoscopic right adrenalectomy 14 days after being diagnosed with PCC due to perioperative management with phenoxybenzamine. …”
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Pneumocystis Pneumonia Presenting as an Enlarging Solitary Pulmonary Nodule by Krunal Bharat Patel, James Benjamin Gleason, Maria Julia Diacovo, Nydia Martinez-Galvez

“…Although Pneumocystis pneumonia most commonly occurs in patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and with diffuse infiltrates, the diagnosis should not be overlooked when only a solitary nodule is present.…”
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Blood Vessel Segmentation and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy with Machine Learning-Based Ensemble Model by Cihan Akyel, Bünyamin Ciylan

“…Artificial intelligence algorithms can provide fast and cost-effective solutions for DR diagnosis. In this study, the noise of blood vessels in fundus images was eliminated using the LinkNet-RCB7 model, and diabetic retinopathy was categorized into five classes using a machine learning-based ensemble model. …”
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Applications of Multimodal Imaging in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Evaluation by Mary Ho, Gabriel Li, Andrew Mak, Danny Ng, Lawrence Iu, Frank Lai

“…Multimodal imaging, including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography, has advanced the diagnosis and classification of CSCR cases. Evolution of new imaging techniques including optical coherence tomography angiography, wide-field imaging, and en face reconstruction imaging has also contributed to better understandings of the pathophysiology of CSCR. …”
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