Contribution of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation to Retinal Degenerative Diseases by Maria H. Madeira, Raquel Boia, Paulo F. Santos, António F. Ambrósio, Ana R. Santiago

“…This review aims at giving an overview of the roles of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in major retinal degenerative diseases like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.…”
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Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin in the Clinical Management of Eye Disease by Nicole K. Scripsema, Dan-Ning Hu, Richard B. Rosen

“…Current publications on the preventive and therapeutic effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity have reported encouraging results.…”
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Detecting Optic Disc on Asians by Multiscale Gaussian Filtering by Bob Zhang, Jane You, Fakhri Karray

“…We tested the proposed method on a new database consisting of 402 images from a diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programme consisting of Asians. …”
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Management of Ocular Diseases Using Lutein and Zeaxanthin: What Have We Learned from Experimental Animal Studies? by Chunyan Xue, Richard Rosen, Adrienne Jordan, Dan-Ning Hu

“…The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, and uveitis, have been studied in different experimental animal models. …”
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A Simple Method for Establishing Adherent Ex Vivo Explant Cultures from Human Eye Pathologies for Use in Subsequent Calcium Imaging and Inflammatory Studies by Sofija Andjelic, Xhevat Lumi, Zoltán Veréb, Natasha Josifovska, Andrea Facskó, Marko Hawlina, Goran Petrovski

“…Anterior lens capsule-lens epithelial cells (aLC-LECs) from cataract surgery and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) fibrovascular epiretinal membranes (fvERMs) from human eyes were used in the study. …”
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Animal Models of Diabetic Neuropathy: Progress Since 1960s by Md. Shahidul Islam

“…Diabetic or peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the major complications among some other diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. The use of animal models in the research of diabetes and diabetic complications is very common when rats and mice are most commonly used for many reasons. …”
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Proteomic Analyses of the Vitreous Humour by Martina Angi, Helen Kalirai, Sarah E. Coupland, Bertil E. Damato, Francesco Semeraro, Mario R. Romano

“…In the last decade, proteomics analyses have been performed to characterise the proteome of the human VH and explore networks of functionally related proteins, providing insight into the aetiology of diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. …”
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A Chronic Implant to Record Electroretinogram, Visual Evoked Potentials and Oscillatory Potentials in Awake, Freely Moving Rats for Pharmacological Studies by Irene Guarino, Stefano Loizzo, Luisa Lopez, Antonello Fadda, Alberto Loizzo

“…Electroretinogram (ERG), widely used to study the pharmacological effects of drugs in animal models (e.g., diabetic retinopathy), is usually recorded in anesthetized rats. …”
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Secondary Full-thickness Macular Holes after Diabetic Vitrectomy: Clinical Manifestations and Rational Approaches to the Treatment by Yun Hsia, Chung-May Yang, Yi-Ting Hsieh, Lu-Chun Wang

“…The aim of the study is to present the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of secondary full-thickness macular hole (MH) after diabetic vitrectomy (DV) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods. In this retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study, we enrolled consecutive patients with PDR who developed MH after DV. …”
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Apelin Protects Primary Rat Retinal Pericytes from Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis by Li Chen, Yong Tao, Jing Feng, Yan Rong Jiang

“…Immunofluorescence staining revealed that pericytes colocalized with APJ in the fibrovascular membranes dissected from proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. In the in vitro studies, we first demonstrated that the expression of apelin/APJ was upregulated in pericytes under hypoxia, and apelin increased pericytes proliferation and migration. …”
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Investigating the key principles in two-step heterogeneous transfer learning for early laryngeal cancer identification by Xinyi Fang, Chak Fong Chong, Kei Long Wong, Marco Simões, Benjamin K. Ng

“…For heterogeneity and clear vascular representation, diabetic retinopathy images were chosen as THTL’s intermediate domain. …”
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Association of Neovascular Glaucoma with Risk of Stroke: A Population-Based Cohort Study by Cheng-Wen Su, Yue-Cune Chang, Cheng-Li Lin, Hsin-Yi Chen

“…The risk of ischemic stroke was higher in patients with hypertension (aHR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.55–2.82) and in patients with diabetic retinopathy (aHR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05–2.72). Notably, patients with NVG have a higher risk of ischemic stroke, but not hemorrhagic stroke.…”
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Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…This review aims to summarize the most recent knowledge on the function of exosomes in the ocular system in healthy individuals and the role they play during pathological processes of a degenerative, infectious, neurodegenerative, vascular and inflammatory nature, such as keratoconus, keratitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and uveitis. Furthermore, given their unique characteristics, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic agents and their application in clinical ophthalmology are also explored, along with the main limitations that researchers face today in the field.…”
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Relationship between Altered Platelet Morphological Parameters and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Tolga Yilmaz, Ahu Yilmaz

“…To investigate whether platelet morphology or function is altered in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. This prospective study enrolled 85 healthy controls (HCs) (group 1) and 262 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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The Relationship between Pinguecula and Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study by Hisham M. Jammal, Mohammed Abu-Ameerh, Jamila G. Hiasat, Sara Issa, Muawyah Al Bdour

“…All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and data were collected regarding age, sex, occupational activity, presence and grade of pinguecula, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and presence of diabetic retinopathy. Results. The mean (standard deviation, SD) ages of the DM and non-DM groups were 59.5 (10.8) years and 59.0 (11.6) years (p-value = 0.729), respectively. …”
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Optical Coherence Tomography (Angiography) Biomarkers in the Assessment and Monitoring of Diabetic Macular Edema by Corina-Iuliana Suciu, Vlad-Ioan Suciu, Simona-Delia Nicoara

“…At the same time, various parameters have been attributed the role of biomarkers creating the frame for new monitoring and treatment strategies and offering new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. In this review, we gathered the results of studies that investigated various specific OCT (angiography) parameters in diabetic macular edema, such as central subfoveal thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), cube volume (CV), choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), retinal thickness at the fovea (RTF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), total macular volume (TMV), central choroid thickness (CCT), photoreceptor outer segment (PROS), perfused capillary density (PCD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND), hyperreflective foci (HF), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), ellipsoid zone (EZ), inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junctions, vascular density (VD), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and superficial capillary plexus (SCP), in order to provide a synthesis of biomarkers that are currently used for the early diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, and outlining of prognosis.…”
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Gremlin, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, Is a Crucial Angiogenic Factor in Pituitary Adenoma by Kenta Koketsu, Daizo Yoshida, Kyongsong Kim, Yudo Ishii, Shigeyuki Tahara, Akira Teramoto, Akio Morita

“…Several recent reports have shown that Gremlin is also involved in angiogenesis of lung cancer and diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Gremlin in tumor angiogenesis in pituitary adenoma. …”
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Abdominal obesity as a predictor for response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients with diabetic macular edema by Tamer E. Wasfy, Shaimaa S. Soliman, Nehad Hawash, Elham A. Gad

“…Obesity is associated with higher levels of circulating VEGF, which may worsen diabetic retinopathy and hinder the response to anti-VEGF therapy. …”
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Diabetic Macular Edema Pathophysiology: Vasogenic versus Inflammatory by Pedro Romero-Aroca, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz, Alicia Pareja-Rios, Maribel Lopez-Galvez, Raul Navarro-Gil, Raquel Verges

“…Diabetic macular edema (DME) can cause blindness in diabetic patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy (DR). DM parameters controls (glycemia, arterial tension, and lipids) are the gold standard for preventing DR and DME. …”
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Characterization of Site-Specific Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in Retinal Cells in Response to High Glucose and Cytokine Polarization by Haoshen Shi, Elizabeth A. Berger

“…Inflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). NF-κB is a master transcriptional regulator for numerous inflammatory genes. …”
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