The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Northeast China by Liang Wen, Yu Wang, Zhong Lin, Feng Hua Wang, Xiao Xia Ding, Dong Li, Kemi Feng, Yuan Bo Liang, Dong Xiao Zhang, Yu Dou, Gang Zhai

“…Uncorrected refractive error and cataract remain the leading cause of visual impairment, but the major challenge is the early diagnosis and intervention of diabetic retinopathy to reduce diabetes-related blindness.…”
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Complications of Macular Peeling by Mónica Asencio-Duran, Beatriz Manzano-Muñoz, José Luis Vallejo-García, Jesús García-Martínez

“…Macular peeling refers to the surgical technique for the removal of preretinal tissue or the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the macula for several retinal disorders, ranging from epiretinal membranes (primary or secondary to diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment…) to full-thickness macular holes, macular edema, foveal retinoschisis, and others. …”
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Retinal Disease by Scott D. Schoenberger, Stephen J. Kim

“…For example, therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration may now be achievable. …”
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Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Antihypertensive Drug, Gut Microbiota, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study by He Zheng, Shiping Wu, Wenbin Wang, Weida Qiu, Yingqing Feng

“…., Pinacidil) gene expression was associated with lower SBP of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.31) mmHg, and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52–0.76). …”
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Temporal Approach, Digitally Assisted Phacovitrectomy in a Patient with Severe Kyphosis due to Axial Spondyloarthritis by J. Rios-Nequis Geovanni, J. Abel Ramírez-Estudillo, L. Daniel Gutiérrez-García, Martin Jiménez-Rodríguez, Arthur Levine-Berevichez

“…A 70-year-old male patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage and cataract and ankylosing spondylitis with severe kyphosis. …”
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Retinopathy Diabetic Recognition and Detection Using Novel Intelligent Algorithms by Liaquat Ali Rahoo

“…We propose a novel approach utilizing hybrid methods for diabetic retinopathy recognition and detection. The proposed approach consists of four levels: pre-processing for noise removal and standardization of the input dataset, image segmentation using Spiking Neural Network (SNN) based on edge detection, dimension reduction and feature selection using percolation theory, and the final step of combining SNN and percolation theory for retinopathy area detection. …”
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Novel indicator of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and shortened erythrocyte lifespan: a multicenter cross-sectional analysis by Yunqi Wu, Binshan Zhang, Xin Ma, Pei Yu, Saijun Zhou, Xinli Wang

“…Methods This study encompassed individuals from the Tianjin Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Cohort who completed continuous glucose monitoring and had an erythrocyte lifespan of under 90 days. …”
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Examining the Choroid in Ocular Inflammation: A Focus on Enhanced Depth Imaging by Abeir Baltmr, Sue Lightman, Oren Tomkins-Netzer

“…The choroid is the vascular layer that supplies the outer retina and is involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular conditions including choroidal tumors, age related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. Nevertheless, difficulties in the visualization of the choroid have limited our understanding of its exact role in ocular pathology. …”
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A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Methods Applied to Ocular Images by Oscar Julian Perdomo Charry, Fabio Augusto González Osorio

“…On the one hand, these methods have achieved an outstanding performance in the detection of ocular diseases such as: diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, diabetic macular degeneration and age-related macular degeneration.  …”
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MicroRNAs in Postischemic Vascular Repair by Andrea Caporali, Costanza Emanueli

“…In adulthood, angiogenesis is activated as a reparative process during wound healing and following ischemia, and it plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis as well as in inflammatory diseases and diabetic retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively control gene expression of target mRNAs. …”
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Does Fundus Fluorescein Angiography Procedure Affect Ocular Pulse Amplitude? by Gökhan Pekel, Semra Acer, Ramazan Yagci, Ebru Nevin Cetin, Mehmet Can Hiraali, Hüseyin Kaya

“…Sixty eyes of 30 nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (15 males, 15 females) were included in this cross-sectional case series. …”
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Adropin as an indicator of T2DM and its complications by Hu Zhang, Ning Chen

“…In this article, the underlying mechanisms of adropin for regulating obesity, T2DM and its complications including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic vascular disease and diabetic cardiovascular disease were summarized. …”
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Development of Anti-VEGF Therapies for Intraocular Use: A Guide for Clinicians by Pearse A. Keane, Srinivas R. Sadda

“…As a result, several groups targeted this molecule as a potential mediator of retinal ischemia-induced neovascularization in disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Around this time, it also became clear that increased intraocular VEGF production was not limited to ischemic retinal diseases but was also a feature of choroidal vascular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). …”
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Optimising deep learning models for ophthalmological disorder classification by S. Vidivelli, P. Padmakumari, C. Parthiban, A. DharunBalaji, R. Manikandan, Amir H. Gandomi

“…Disorders such as hypertension, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are indicated by structural alterations in the optic disc, blood vessels, fovea, and macula. …”
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Combination of Anti-VEGF and Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review by Laura N. Distefano, Jose Garcia-Arumi, Vicente Martinez-Castillo, Anna Boixadera

“…Thirty years ago, the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) demonstrated that focal/grid laser photocoagulation reduces moderate vision loss from DME by 50% or more; thus, macular photocoagulation became the gold standard treatment for DME. …”
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Anti-VEGF Agents for Ocular Angiogenesis and Vascular Permeability by Kenichi Kimoto, Toshiaki Kubota

“…IVB has also been reported to be effective for inducing the regression of new vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The use of bevacizumab in stage 4 or 5 retinopahty of permaturity (ROP) is to reduce the plus sign to help reduce hemorrhage during the subsequent vitrectomy. …”
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The PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Mediates the High Glucose-Induced Expression of Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Dong Qin, Guo-ming Zhang, Xun Xu, Li-ya Wang

“…Prolonged hyperglycemia is an important risk factor of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin, are associated with fibrotic membranes. …”
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Ursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Retinal Pericyte Loss in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Yoo-Ri Chung, Jeong A. Choi, Jae-Young Koh, Young Hee Yoon

“…Loss of pericytes, an early hallmark of diabetic retinopathy (DR), results in breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. …”
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A Computational Model of Peripheral Photocoagulation for the Prevention of Progressive Diabetic Capillary Occlusion by Thomas J. Gast, Xiao Fu, John Scott Gens, James A. Glazier

“…We developed a computational model of the propagation of retinal ischemia in diabetic retinopathy and analyzed the consequences of various patterns and sizes of burns in peripheral retinal photocoagulation. …”
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Administration of Traditional Chinese Blood Circulation Activating Drugs for Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lisha He, Han Wang, Chengjuan Gu, Xinhui He, Linhua Zhao, Xiaolin Tong

“…Here, we reviewed the scientific evidence underpinning the use of blood circulation activating drugs to prevent and treat DM-induced microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, we summarized the effects and mechanism of TCM on improving blood rheology, inhibiting aggregation of platelet, forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs), regulating oxidative stress, reducing blood fat, and improving lipid metabolism. …”
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