Toxicity of Organic Fluorophores Used in Molecular Imaging: Literature Review by Raphael Alford, Haley M. Simpson, Josh Duberman, G. Craig Hill, Mikako Ogawa, Celeste Regino, Hisataka Kobayashi, Peter L. Choyke

“…Information regarding cytotoxicity, tissue toxicity, in vivo toxicity, and mutagenicity was included. …”
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NK Cell Subtypes as Regulators of Autoimmune Liver Disease by Guohui Jiao, Bangmao Wang

“…As major components of innate immunity, NK cells not only exert cell-mediated cytotoxicity to destroy tumors or infected cells, but also act to regulate the functions of other cells in the immune system by secreting cytokines and chemokines. …”
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Cytokines and Myelination in the Central Nervous System by Thomas Schmitz, Li-Jin Chew

“…This results in aberrant neural cell development, cytotoxicity, and loss of the primary myelin-producing cells of the CNS, the oligodendrocytes. …”
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Cell Internalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Transfection Agents by Karin Montet-Abou, Xavier Montet, Ralph Weissleder, Lee Josephson

“…Internalization of Feridex (and associated dextran) is important since dextran cell exterior can react with the antidextran antibodies, commonly present in human populations, and trigger an antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we employed three assays for selecting Feridex/TFA mixtures to minimize nanoparticle precipitation and surface adsorption: (1) an assay for precipitation or stability (light scattering), (2) an assay for labeled cells (percentage of cells retained by a magnetic filter), and (3) an antidextran-based assay for nanoparticle internalization. …”
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Interleukin-1 Modulation of Human Placental Trophoblast Proliferation

“…Treatment with recombinant human IL-1<mml:math alttext="$eta$"> <mml:mi>&#x03B2;</mml:mi> </mml:math> resulted in significant inhibition of JAR proliferation (<mml:math alttext="$P<.05$"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x003C;</mml:mo><mml:mn>.05</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>) paralleled with increased cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect was blocked by both IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and antihuman IL-1<mml:math alttext="$eta$"> <mml:mi>&#x03B2;</mml:mi> </mml:math> monoclonal antibody. …”
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Mechanisms of liver disease in patients infected with HIV by Matthew B Kaspar, Richard K Sterling

“…A thorough understanding of the mechanisms driving the development of liver disease in these patients is essential when evaluating and caring for these patients.Methods The literature regarding mechanisms of liver disease by which different disease entities may cause hepatic injury and fibrosis was reviewed and synthesised.Results A number of discrete mechanisms of injury were identified, to include: oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, lipotoxicity, immune-mediated injury, cytotoxicity, toxic metabolite accumulation, gut microbial translocation, systemic inflammation, senescence and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. …”
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Multimodality Imaging of Endothelial Progenitor Cells with a Novel Multifunctional Probe Featuring Positive Magnetic Resonance Contrast and Near-Infrared Fluorescence by Shenghong Ju, Yiru Qiu, Cong Li, Gao-Jun Teng, Yicheng Ni

“…Conjugate 1 showed low cytotoxicity in EPCs isolated from the rabbit peripheral blood. …”
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In vitro studies on the immunomodulatory effects of fulvic acid extract from palm oil empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by Dimarwanita Firda, Mariya Silmi, Nur Annisa Dewi Fitria, Latisya Silva, Faramitha Yora, Goenadi Didiek Hadjar

“…In vitro studies used the MTT assay to determine cytotoxicity and ELISA tests to measure cytokines associated with natural immunity (TNF-alpha and Interferon-gamma) and adaptive immunity (IL-2 and TGF-beta). …”
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Conductometric, physico-chemical, and biological activity investigations of a copper–indometacin complex by AbdulAziz A. Alayyafi, Kholoud Z. Ghanem, Modhi S. Almarri, Shereen E. Salem, Esam A. Gomaa, Elsayed M. AbouElleef

“…As a result, it can be utilized to treat B. cereus bacteria (cytotoxicity testing was not conducted in this study).…”
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Disseminated Exfoliative Dermatitis Associated with All-Transretinoic Acid in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia by Yonal Ipek, Dogru Hulya, Aktan Melih

“…All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a subgroup of the retinoid family, which induces complete remission (CR) in APL by causing differentiation and apoptosis in immature malignant promyelocytes rather than inducing cell death by cytotoxicity (Warrell et al. (1993), Liu et al. (2000), and Cassinat et al. (2001)). …”
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A Fully Degradable, Bio‐Safe Supercapacitor Targeting for Harmless Disposal of Energy Storage Devices by Chang Xu, Shiqiang Guan, Xijing Zhuang, Xufeng Dong

“…The devices demonstrate extremely low cytotoxicity and satisfactory biocompatibility. The implantation caused no significant rejection and did not affect the survival status of the SD rats, suggesting the possibility of powering implantable electronics. …”
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Discovery of novel and highly potent small molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3-ITD for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia using structure-based virtual screening and biological... by Kun Shi, Kun Shi, Ye Hong, Ye Hong, Ye Hong, Huajing Liu, Xiaotian Yang, Fengzhen Wang, Fengzhen Wang, Yanming Zhang

“…Molecular dynamics simulations have confirmed the stable interaction between FLIN-4 and FLT3. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLIN-4 has significant anti-proliferative activity against the AML cell line MV4-11 (IC50 = 1.31 ± 0.06 nM). …”
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Virgin and photo-degraded microplastics induce the activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells by Elisa Persiani, Antonella Cecchettini, Sofia Amato, Elisa Ceccherini, Ilaria Gisone, Agnese Sgalippa, Chiara Ippolito, Valter Castelvetro, Tommaso Lomonaco, Federico Vozzi

“…VSMC viability, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and activation markers were evaluated. …”
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Identification and characterization of a novel tetrapeptide from enzymatic hydrolysates of Baijiu byproduct by Qiang Wu, Changqing Zhong, Guirong Zeng, Xu Zhang, Liping Xiang, Chang Wan, Yougui Yu

“…Moreover, it showed no significant cytotoxicity toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and significantly induced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) and decreased endothelin 1 (END1) expression in angiotensin I (Ang I)-treated HUVECs, demonstrating the potential antihypertensive effect. …”
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Monocytes Exhibit High Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion, Augmenting Tumor Progression by Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Enrique Hernández-Jiménez, José Avendaño-Ortiz, Victor Toledano, Anibal Varela-Serrano, Isabel Fernández-Navarro, Raquel Casitas, Carlos Carpio, Luis A. Aguirre, Francisco García-Río, Eduardo López-Collazo

“…Monocytes from patients with OSA increased the tumor-induced microenvironment and exhibited an impaired cytotoxicity in a 3D tumor in vitro model as a result of the increased HIF1α secretion. …”
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Evaluation of Mango Byproduct Extracts as Antioxidant Against Pb-Acetate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Mice by Makawy Aida I. El, Ashoush Ihab S., Abd-Elmoneim Omaima M.

“…Mango extracts prevented the histopathological changes in liver induced by Pb-acetate and decreased the cytotoxicity of lead by increasing the ratio of PCE/NCE. …”
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Evaluation of nano-sized virgin coconut oil (VCO)-loaded liposomes for enhancing mushroom and B16-F10 tyrosinase activity by Suwipa Ungphaiboon, Sutasinee Ardhanwanich, Duangkhae Maneenuan, Sirirat Pinsuwan, Pawika Mahasawat

“…Encapsulation of VCO enhanced mushroom tyrosinase activity by 3-fold and exhibited lower cytotoxicity to B16-F10 cells compared to VCO alone. …”
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Potent Antioxidative and UVB Protective Effect of Water Extract of Eclipta prostrata L. by Chin-Feng Chan, Wen-Ying Huang, Hong-Yi Guo, Bo Rong Wang

“…WEP absorbs both UVA and UVB irradiation, and furthermore, the extract shows a dose-dependent response in the protection of HaCaT human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts 3T3 cells against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, which may result from a synergistic effect between chlorogenic acid and other active components present in WEP.…”
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Unlocking the potential of gold nanoparticles as a game-changer in the fight against hepatocellular carcinoma by Sarmistha Saha, Manas Taneja, Sneha Dubey, Alok Bhardwaj

“…Due to their exceptional optical qualities, chemically modified surface through the attachment of various ligands, biocompatibility (bio-inertness and low cytotoxicity), and superior optical properties, gold NPs (AuNPs) have garnered significant interest. …”
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Development of Cutaneous Bioadhesive Ureasil-Polyether Hybrid Films by João Augusto Oshiro Junior, Flávia Chiva Carvalho, Christiane Pienna Soares, Marlus Chorilli, Leila Aparecida Chiavacci

“…The MTT assay has shown cell viability of human skin keratinocytes higher than 70% of all analyzed materials suggesting low cytotoxicity. The bioadhesion of the films is strongly dependent on the viscosity and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the polyether chains used to synthetize the hybrid molecules. …”
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