TGF-β induces cholesterol accumulation to regulate the secretion of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles by Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior, Chrysoula Tsirigoti, Konstantina Psatha, Dimitris Kletsas, Michalis Aivaliotis, Carl-Henrik Heldin, Aristidis Moustakas

“…MMP inhibitor or proteinase treatment blocked EV-mediated SMAD signaling, suggesting that EVs require MMP activity to release the active TGF-β from its latent complex, a function also linked to the EV-mediated transfer of pro-migratory potential and ability of cancer cells to survive in the presence of cytotoxic drugs. Conclusion Hence, we delineated a novel signaling cascade that leads to high rates of EV generation by cancer cells in response to TGF-β, with cholesterol being a key intermediate step in this mechanism. …”
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Reinforcing cancer immunotherapy with engineered porous hollow mycobacterium tuberculosis loaded with tumor neoantigens by Jie Jiang, Feng-Ying Huang, Shu-Zhen Dai, Guang-Hong Tan, Ming-Hui Chen, Hengyu Chen, Wu-Ping Zheng, Ri-Hong Wu, Weijing Xie

“…In murine tumor models, immunization with phMTb-formulated neoantigen vaccines elicited a robust tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response with minimal adverse effects. …”
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Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer by Luca Mastracci, Patrizio Castagnola, Elia Bari, Francesca Ferrera, Tiziana Altosole, Sara Perteghella, Pierluigi Mauri, Rossana Rossi, Giulia Passignani, Martina Galati, Giuseppina Iliana Astone, Maddalena Mastrogiacomo, Daniela Fenoglio, Dario Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa Torre, Gilberto Filaci

“…In vivo peritumor administration of SFNs-OVA redirected OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells intratumorally. Proteomics and systems biology showed that peritumoral treatment with either SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG dramatically modified tumor microenvironment with respect to the control (CTR), mainly involving functional modules and hubs related to angiogenesis, inflammatory mediators, immune function, T complex and serpins expression, redox homeostasis, and energetic metabolism. …”
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LIX1L aggravates MASH-HCC progression by reprogramming of hepatic metabolism and microenvironment via CD36 by Yingrong Leng, Yanqiu Zhang, Yang Cheng, Shengtao Ye, Ying Zheng, Mengmeng He, Enyi Wu, Lingyi Kong, Hao Zhang

“…Furthermore, LIX1L deficiency-mediated downregulation of CD36 reprograms the tumor-prone liver microenvironment with increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes and reduced immunosuppressive cell proportions. …”
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The emergence of DNAM-1 as the facilitator of NK cell-mediated killing in ovarian cancer by Rachel Pounds, Rachel Pounds, Wayne Croft, Hayden Pearce, Tasnia Hossain, Kavita Singh, Janos Balega, David N. Jeevan, Sudha Sundar, Sudha Sundar, Sean Kehoe, Jason Yap, Jason Yap, Paul Moss, Jianmin Zuo

“…These features were attenuated following chemotherapy where higher levels of activated and cytotoxic NK cells associated with improved disease-free survival. …”
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Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human rhinovirus C utilizing immunoinformatics approach by Tajul Islam Mamun, Tajul Islam Mamun, Md. Ahad Ali, Md. Nazmul Hosen, Jillur Rahman, Md. Anwarul Islam, Md. Golam Akib, Kamruz Zaman, Md. Masudur Rahman, Md. Masudur Rahman, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain, Samir Ibenmoussa, Mohammed Bourhia, Turki M. Dawoud

“…Leveraging advanced immunoinformatics tools, we predicted epitopes for B-cells, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and Helper T lymphocytes, ensuring broad coverage across different HRV-C strains. …”
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Ruthenium(II) Complex with 1-Hydroxy-9,10-Anthraquinone Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression at G0/G1 and Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells by Júlia S. M. Dias, Guilherme A. Ferreira-Silva, Rommel B. Viana, João H. de Araujo Neto, Javier Ellena, Rodrigo S. Corrêa, Marília I. F. Barbosa, Marisa Ionta, Antônio C. Doriguetto

“…Additionally, DNA-binding experiments yielded constants of 10⁵ M⁻¹ (Kb = 6.93 × 10⁵ for (<b>1</b>) and 1.60 × 10⁵ for (<b>2</b>)) and demonstrate that both complexes can interact with DNA through intercalation, electrostatic attraction, or hydrogen bonding. Conclusions: The cytotoxicity profiles of the compounds were evaluated in human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-147, CHL-1, and WM1366), revealing greater cytotoxic activity for (<b>1</b>) on the CHL-1 cell line with an IC₅₀ of 14.50 ± 1.09 µM. …”
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Durvalumab and tremelimumab in combination with metronomic oral vinorelbine for recurrent advanced cervical cancer: an open-label phase I/II study by Pernelle Lavaud, Esma Saada-Bouzid, Renaud Sabatier, Olivia Le Saux, Thibault de la Motte Rouge, Anthony Gonçalves, Elodie Coquan, Jean-Sébastien Frenel, Marta Jiménez, Alice Hervieu, Laurent Mathiot, François Legrand, Claire Cropet, Edith Borcoman, Emmanuelle Charafe

“…The definitive discontinuation rate due to TRAEs was 16.1%.Conclusions Dual checkpoint blockade of PD-L1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 combined with metronomic oral vinorelbine demonstrated meaningful and durable clinical activity in patients with previously treated advanced cervical cancer. …”
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TRAF2 and RIPK1 redundantly mediate classical NFκB signaling by TNFR1 and CD95-type death receptors by Jennifer Wagner, David Vredevoogd, Xin Yu, Dong Lu, Daniel S. Peeper, Heike M. Hermanns, Jin Wang, Harald Wajant, Daniela Siegmund

“…Complex Ia and Ib may furthermore interact and cooperate to ubiquitinate RIPK1 resulting in a modified complex Ia/b preventing complex Ia and Ib to convert to the established TNFR1-induced cytotoxic complexes IIa and IIb.…”
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Immune responses in rodent whole eye transplantation: elucidation and preliminary investigations into rejection diagnosis and monitoring by Bing Li, Yong Wang, Charles R. Owens, Touka Banaee, Charleen T. Chu, Kayvon Jabbari, Anna D. Lee, Neil J. Khatter, Alan G. Palestine, An-Jey A. Su, Christene A. Huang, Kia M. Washington

“…This was succeeded by an acute T-cell-mediated immune reaction, predominantly involving T helper 1 (Th1) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The presence of donor specific antibody (DSA) and indications of pyroptosis in the early phases of rejection were observed. …”
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Correlation analysis of DLG5 and PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer by Jingmin Che, Bo Chen, Xusheng Wang, Baoe Liu, Cuixiang Xu, Huxia Wang, Jingying Sun, Qing Feng, Xiangrong Zhao, Zhangjun Song

“…Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have provided renewed optimism for the treatment of patients with TNBC. …”
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Microtubule inhibition as a proposed mechanism for the anthelmintic effect of phytochemicals isolated from Cicerbita alpina by Mark James Horgan, Ines Sigg, Ioanna Poulopoulou, Francisco J. Rodriguez-Mejias, Eva Albertini, Pietro Fusani, Florian Fischer, Eftychia Martinidou, Daniela Schuster, Stefan Martens, Pidder Jansen Dürr, Matthias Gauly, Hermann Stuppner, Alexander Weiss, Veronika Temml, Bianka Siewert

“…Liquid–liquid fractions were prepared from a methanolic extract of the aerial parts and were submitted in parallel to embryo development (ED), worm motility (WMT), and cytotoxicity assays for anthelmintic and toxicity evaluations. …”
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The Suppression of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 in A549&nbsp;human Lung Carcinoma Cells Induced by Marine Sponge Callyspongia aerizusa by Hadisaputri YE, Nurhaniefah AA, Mutakin M, Hendriani R, Rezano A, Sopyan I, Yusnaini Y, Asikin Y, Abdulah R

“…However, the extract did not have cytotoxicity towards Het-1A esophagus epithelial cells. …”
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Development and optimization of a new competitive ELISA using recombinant (rPSA D15 and rCag11) antigens for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. by Biniam Moges Eskeziyaw, Naomi Maina, Rebecca Waihenya, Matthew Mutinda Munyao, Tonny Teya Nyandwaro, Shingo Inoue, Samson Muuo Nzou

“…Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) assay for detecting H. pylori infections by targeting the Protective Surface Antigen (PSA) and Cytotoxic-Associated Gene Pathogenesis Island (Cag11) proteins in H. pylori stool antigen sample. …”
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Exploring the multifaceted roles of Sonneratia apetala and Nipa fruticans in coastal habitat restoration and bioactive properties discovery by Sabina Yasmine, Rezwana Zaman Proma, Md. Ripaj Uddin, Mohammad Saydur Rahman, Md. Hamedul Islam, Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur, AHM Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal, Abu Yousuf, Md. Hasnain Mustak, Sarker Kamruzzaman, M. Mahboob Ali Siddiqi

“…The seed extract demonstrates the highest cytotoxic properties (LC50=36 μg/mL) among other parts of the plant, along with antibacterial effects and dose-dependent analgesic and antidiarrheal properties. …”
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Pro-inflammatory effects of inhaled Great Salt Lake dust particles by Jacob M. Cowley, Cassandra E. Deering-Rice, John G. Lamb, Erin G. Romero, Marysol Almestica-Roberts, Samantha N. Serna, Lili Sun, Kerry E. Kelly, Ross T. Whitaker, Jenna Cheminant, Alessandro Venosa, Christopher A. Reilly

“…Inhaled GSLD qPM2.5 caused a greater neutrophilic response than coal fly ash qPM2.5 and was more cytotoxic to human airway epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in vitro. …”
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Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of Echinochrome A using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids by Su-Jin Lee, Eunji Kim, Yeeun Jeong, Jae Boum Youm, Hyoung Kyu Kim, Jin Han, Elena A. Vasileva, Natalia P. Mishchenko, Sergey A. Fedoreyev, Valentin A. Stonik, Sung Joon Kim, Hyang-Ae Lee

“…Cellular viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays revealed no cytotoxic effects of EchA across tested concentrations. …”
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Occurrence of Alternaria Toxins, Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins B1 in Green Arabic Coffee (Coffea arabica) in Saudi Arabia: Risk Assessment on HepG-2 Cell Line and Male Albino Rats by Ahmed Hashim Almusallam, Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail

“…Cytotoxic properties of the detected mycotoxins were investigated at doses of 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml following exposure durations of 24 and 48 h in comparison with control. …”
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Pharmacological Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Their Simultaneous Determination in the Arabian Medicinal Plant Plicosepalus curviflorus Using HPTLC Validated Method by Raha Orfali, Shagufta Perveen, Nasir Ali Siddiqui, Perwez Alam, Tawfeq Abdullah Alhowiriny, Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel, Sami Al-Yahya, Fuad Ameen, Najwa Majrashi, Khulud Alluhayb, Bandar Alghanem, Hayat Shaibah, Shabana Iqrar Khan

“…The PCME and the isolated compounds were subjected to pharmacological assays to estimate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARα and PPARγ agonistic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Results proved for the first time the dual PPAR activation effect of the PCME and catechin (P2), in addition to the promising anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonoid quercetin (P1). …”
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CD4 T cell dynamics shape the immune response to combination oncolytic herpes virus and BRAF inhibitor therapy for melanoma by Victoria Jennings, Kevin Harrington, Hardev Pandha, Alan Melcher, Adel Samson, Fiona Errington-Mais, Victoria Roulstone, Eva Crespo-Rodriguez, Galabina Bozhanova, Shane Foo, Emmanuel C Patin, Martin McLaughlin, Malin Pedersen, Richard Vile, Joan Kyula, Jehanne Hassan, Lizzie Appleton, Charleen ML Chan Wah Hak, Gabby Baker, Edward Armstrong, Matthew Chiu, Masahiro Ono

“…Transcriptomic analysis confirmed reduction in Foxp3 on addition of anti-CD25 to HSV/BRAFi, as well as increases in expression of genes reflecting interferon signaling and cytotoxic activity.Conclusions Combination HSV/BRAFi is an immunogenic therapy for BRAF mutant melanoma, but cannot fully control tumors. …”
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