A spatial model of tumor-host interaction: Application of chemotherapy by Peter Hinow, Philip Gerlee, Lisa J. McCawley, Vito Quaranta, Madalina Ciobanu, Shizhen Wang, Jason M. Graham, Bruce P. Ayati, Jonathan Claridge, Kristin R. Swanson, Mary Loveless, Alexander R. A. Anderson

“…Further, we considered the application of a cytotoxic drug that targets proliferating tumor cells. …”
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Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells by Sukannika Tubtimsri, Tiraniti Chuenbarn, Suwisit Manmuan

“…Conclusion Quercetin is greatly cytotoxic in oral cancer cells, triggering cells undergoing apoptosis and ROS-mediated cell death, possessing S and G2/M cell cycle arrest properties, and exhibiting anti-metastatic activities. …”
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Mixed radiation with different doses induces CCL17 to recruit CD8+T cell to exert anti-tumor effects in non-small cell lung cancer by Liuying Huang, Duo Wang, Muchen Xu, Danqi Qian, Yulin Cao, Xiaohan Wu, Liang Ming, Junhui Tang, Zhaohui Huang, Yuan Yin, Leyuan Zhou, Leyuan Zhou, Leyuan Zhou

“…According to the findings from IHC and FCM studies, the triple therapy group exhibits a heightened infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, largely attributable to the augmented expression of CCL17 within the tumor under these irradiation regimens, which subsequently draws CD8+ T cells to infiltrate the tumor site, exerting cytotoxic effects.ConclusionOur study shows that the combined application of 20Gy and 6Gy can enhance the infiltration of tumor CD8+T cells in mice and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.…”
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A Study on the Induction of Multi-Type Immune Responses in Mice via an mRNA Vaccine Based on Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Antigen by Mengyuan Liu, Yixuan Liu, Shaohui Song, Qiurong Qiao, Jing Liu, Yun Xie, Jian Zhou, Guoyang Liao

“…Moreover, the multi-site regimen also promoted the generation of cytotoxic T cells and maintained a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. …”
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Role of the androgen receptor in melanoma aggressiveness by Marzia Di Donato, Costanza Maria Cristiani, Mariaelena Capone, Cinzia Garofalo, Gabriele Madonna, Lucia Carmela Passacatini, Margaret Ottaviano, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Ferdinando Auricchio, Ennio Carbone, Antimo Migliaccio, Gabriella Castoria

“…We now report that ligand activation of the androgen receptor drives melanoma invasiveness and its escape from natural killer-mediated cytotoxic effect. By combining different experimental approaches, we observe that melanoma escape is mediated by the androgen-triggered shedding of the surface molecule MICA. …”
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Ethanol Extracts of Solanum lyratum Thunb Regulate Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via the ROS-Mediated p53 Pathway by Chen Zhang, Zheming Li, Jie Wang, Xuelu Jiang, Mengting Xia, Jianfen Wang, Shenyi Lu, Shouye Li, Hanmei Wang

“…Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTT assays indicated that SLT concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL were not cytotoxic and had significant inhibitory effects on the cell viabilities of A2780 and SKOV3 cells, hence were used for subsequent experiments. …”
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PRMT5-Mediated ALKBH5 Methylation Promotes Colorectal Cancer Immune Evasion via Increasing CD276 Expression by Sen Meng, Hao Liu, Jiayu Xu, Chuyin Deng, Xingyou Qian, Sufang Chu, Wei-Guo Zhu, Jiuling Zhu, Hongmei Yong, Zhongwei Li, Jin Bai

“…Furthermore, a CD276 expression increase facilitates CRC immune evasion by inhibiting cytotoxic T-cell functions. Moreover, we revealed that PRMT5-mediated meR316-ALKBH5 activates CD276 transcription by increasing its messenger RNA m6A modification to increase CRC immune evasion in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Exploiting somatic oncogenic driver alterations in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome– paving the path towards precision medicine: a case report by Carolin Seeling, Sonja Dahlum, Ralf Marienfeld, Vera Jan, Brigitte Rack, Uwe Gerstenmaier, Ambros J. Beer, Regine Mayer-Steinacker, Wolfgang Thaiss, Thomas F. E. Barth, Thomas Seufferlein, Nadine T. Gaisa, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Wolfgang Janni, Reiner Siebert, Hartmut Döhner, Verena I. Gaidzik

“…Due to impaired DNA damage repair, conventional cytotoxic therapies or radiotherapy should be avoided whenever feasible to mitigate the high incidence of treatment-related secondary malignancies in these patients. …”
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T Helper Lymphocyte and Mast Cell Immunohistochemical Pattern in Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity by Giuseppe Losurdo, Domenico Piscitelli, Federica Pezzuto, Francesco Fortarezza, Claudia Covelli, Antonella Marra, Andrea Iannone, Annacinzia Amoruso, Mariabeatrice Principi, Enzo Ierardi, Alfredo Di Leo

“…Immunohistochemistry for CD3 (intraepithelial lymphocytes-IELs), CD4 (T helper lymphocytes), CD8 (T cytotoxic lymphocytes), and CD1a/CD117 (Langerhans/mast cells) was performed. …”
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Dynamin-1 is a potential mediator in cancer-related cognitive impairment by Ding Quan Ng, Casey Hudson, Tracy Nguyen, Sukesh Kumar Gupta, Yong Qin Koh, Munjal M. Acharya, Alexandre Chan

“…DNM1 levels were 32 ​% lower (P ​= ​0.041) among cancer participants compared to non-cancer prior to treatment. After receiving cytotoxic treatment, cognitively impaired cancer patients were found to have 46 ​% lower DNM1 levels than those without impairment (P ​= ​0.049). …”
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Development of a novel multi-epitope subunit mRNA vaccine candidate to combat Acinetobacter baumannii by Shiyang Ma, Fei Zhu, Peipei Zhang, Yizhong Xu, Ziyou Zhou, Hang Yang, Caixia Tan, Jie Chen, Pinhua Pan

“…We screened 11 immunodominant epitopes for cytotoxic T cells, 5 for helper T cells, and 10 for Linear B-cell based on promising candidate proteins omp33-36, ompA and ompW, the selection of these three proteins is based on reverse vaccinology screening and previous work by other researchers. …”
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Lipid metabolic remodeling delays senescence of T cells to potentiate their immunity against solid tumors by Lu Wang, Li Ding, Gang Chen, Zhou Xu, Yanqing Zhang, Bin Deng, Xiya Wang, Yemin Xu, Mengyue Wu, Yinhe Xia, Zhennan Cao, Ruilong Song

“…Systemic administration of surface-engineered T cells resulted in superior infiltration in solid tumors and improved antitumor efficacy by enhancing the secretion of cytotoxic molecules, thereby prolonging the survival of mice bearing colorectal carcinoma and melanoma xenografts.Conclusions Lipid-metabolically remodeled T cells with delayed senescence increase efficacy in tumor microenvironment, highlighting a novel strategy for solid tumor immunotherapy.…”
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Studying breast cancer lung metastasis using a multi-compartment microfluidic device with a mimetic tumor-stroma interaction model by Bahareh Zarin, Laleh Rafiee, Sorosh Abdollahi, Maryam Vatani, Mohsen Hassani, Amir Sanati-Nezhad, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard

“…Materials and methods: To model the primary tumor microenvironment, breast cancer cells (MCF7) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were co-cultured within the tumor compartment of the microfluidic chip while normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) were seeded in a different compartment, as the secondary tumor site, separated from the tumor compartment via a Matrigel™ layer resembling the extracellular matrix. Results: The cytotoxic effect of β4 integrin blockade on cancer cells gradually increased after 48 and 72 h of co-culture. …”
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Natural killer cells occupy unique spatial neighborhoods in HER2- and HER2+ human breast cancers by Femke A. I. Ehlers, Katie E. Blise, Courtney B. Betts, Shamilene Sivagnanam, Loes F. S. Kooreman, E. Shelley Hwang, Gerard M. J. Bos, Lotte Wieten, Lisa M. Coussens

“…In comparison, NK cells, identified by CD56 or NKp46 expression, were scarce in all specimens with low granzyme B expression indicating reduced cytotoxic functionality. Whereas NK cell density and phenotype did not appear to be influenced by HER2 status, spatial analysis revealed distinct NK cells phenotypes regarding their proximity to neoplastic tumor cells that associated with HER2 status. …”
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Phase II Study of Personalized Peptide Vaccination with Both a Hepatitis C Virus-Derived Peptide and Peptides from Tumor-Associated Antigens for the Treatment of HCV-Positive Advan... by Shigeru Yutani, Kazuomi Ueshima, Kazumichi Abe, Atsushi Ishiguro, Junichi Eguchi, Satoko Matsueda, Nobukazu Komatsu, Shigeki Shichijo, Akira Yamada, Kyogo Itoh, Tetsuro Sasada, Masatoshi Kudo, Masanori Noguchi

“…A maximum of four HLA-matched peptides were selected based on the preexisting IgG responses specific to 32 different peptides, which consisted of a single HCV-derived peptide at core protein positions 35–44 (C-35) and 31 peptides derived from 15 different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), followed by subcutaneous administration once per week for 8 weeks. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and IgG responses were measured before and after vaccination. …”
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Bi-targeting of thioredoxin 1 and telomerase by thiotert promotes cell death of myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoma by Qiangan Jing, Yunyi Wu, Yanchun Li, Chaoting Zhou, Junyu Zhang, Jun Xia, Keyi Li, Yuhuan Shen, Hongfeng Yao, Xiangmin Tong, Jing Du, Lushan Yu, Ying Wang

“…Here, we reported that the 6-dithio-2-deoxyguanosine analog thiotert exhibits an effective cytotoxic effect on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cell SKM-1 and lymphoma cell U-937. …”
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Ex vivo biotransformation of lady’s mantle extracts via the human gut microbiota: the formation of phenolic metabolites and their impact on human normal and colon cancer cell lines... by Katarzyna Jakimiuk, Aleksandra Kruk, Marta Kinga Lemieszek, Jakub W. Strawa, Sebastian Granica, Adrian Wiater, Michał Tomczyk

“…The AV and AVD1-AVD3 extracts and their metabolites exhibit various levels of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. Their biological effect might be linked to the changes and direct activity of bioavailable metabolites. …”
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Optimization, characterization and biosafety of oregano, rosemary and mint oil mixture against Penicillium digitatum in citrus using L-optimal mixture design by Rahaf Khaled, Sara Mohamed, Amira Mohamed, Aya Khairy, Hesham Elhariry, Ashraf Bakry, Neima K. Elsenosy, Naglaa Ebeed, Salem S. Salem, Thanaa ElNoby, Samah H. Abu-Hussien

“…This study investigated the antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of essential oil mixtures derived from oregano, rosemary, and mint against Penicillium digitatum, the predominant fungal pathogen causing green mold in orange fruits. …”
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INBRX-120, a CD8α-targeted detuned IL-2 that selectively expands and activates tumoricidal effector cells for safe and durable in vivo responses by Jason Ho, Chelsie Macedo, Garrett Cyprus, Rajay Pandit, Anya Polovina, Nadja Kern, Abrahim Hussain, Sae Jeong Ahn, William Crago, Emily Rowell, Florian J Sulzmaier, John C Timmer, Brendan P Eckelman

“…Preclinical safety, as well as pharmacodynamic (PD) and PK profiling was carried out in non-human primates.Results INBRX-120 effectively expanded and enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of CD8 T cells and natural killer cells towards tumor cells without affecting regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Apoptosis induction and tumor growth suppression by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles–cisplatin combined treatment in Ehrlich solid carcinoma-bearing mice by Shaymaa M. Eissa, Asmaa M. Mahfouz, Saad M. El-Gendy, Al-shimaa Zakaria, Heba Effat, Hanan R. H. Mohamed

“…Recent research has been interested in the biomedical application of HAP nanoparticles (HAP-NPs) in cancer treatment, HAP-NPs have high cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells, in addition, they are nontoxic to healthy normal cells, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have a high absorption rate within the tissue. …”
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