NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Osteoarthritis: The Role of Epigenetics by Yuzhou Liu, Ying Wang, Ping Yan, Ning Cui, Kejin Xu, Da Liu, Yuan Tian, Lingling Cao

“…The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the discharge of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β and IL-18, intensifying subsequent inflammatory reactions and promoting OA development. …”
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A Review of the Physiological and Immunological Functions of Biliary Epithelial Cells: Targets for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Drug-induced Ductop... by Chih-Te Wu, Paul A. Davis, VelImir A. Luketic, M. Eric Gershwin

“…BEC transports IgA as well as IgM into bile, synthesizes and secretes various chemokines, cytokines, and expresses adhesion molecules involved in cell interaction and signal transduction. …”
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The possible therapeutic role of advanced glycation end-product inhibitors in ischemic stroke by Nada H. Aljarba, Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Mustafa M. Shokr, Marios Papadakis, Athanasios Alexiou, Mubarak Alruwaili, Mohammed Alrouji, Mohammed S. Alshammari, Gaber El-Saber Batiha

“…AGEs promote the generation of reactive oxygen species that induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alter the intracellular signaling leading to progressive biochemical and metabolic derangements. …”
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Irritable Bowel and Bacterial Overgrowth Syndromes: a Bacterial Link Hypothesis of Functional Disease by K. V. Ivashkin, V. R. Grechishnikova, M. S. Reshetova, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Impaired motility in IBS may predispose to the SIBO development. Proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in SIBO, in turn, provoke visceral hypersensitivity and intense motility, the key IBS factors. …”
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Surveillance, Phagocytosis, and Inflammation: How Never-Resting Microglia Influence Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Amanda Sierra, Sol Beccari, Irune Diaz-Aparicio, Juan M. Encinas, Samuel Comeau, Marie-Ève Tremblay

“…As such, they are traditionally studied in various contexts of trauma, injury, and disease, where they are well-known for regulating a wide range of physiological processes by their release of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and trophic factors, among other crucial mediators. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media Ameliorate Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case Study by Rajasekar Seetharaman, Anjum Mahmood, Prashant Kshatriya, Divyang Patel, Anand Srivastava

“…A number of bioactive factors like cytokines and growth factors secreted by MSCs in the conditioned medium are very likely to be the principle molecules which play a vital role in skin regeneration. …”
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Toll-Like Receptors in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion and Transplantation by John Evankovich, Timothy Billiar, Allan Tsung

“…Engagement of TLRs by endogenous DAMPs activates proinflammatory signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines, chemokines and further release of endogenous danger signals. …”
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Fluctuating Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suvi-Tuuli Vilen, Tuula Salo, Timo Sorsa, Pia Nyberg

“…MMPs break down the ECM allowing cancer to spread; they also release various factors from their cryptic sites, including cytokines. These factors modulate cell behavior and enhance cancer progression by regulating angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and invasion. …”
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Functional and Biological Role of Endothelial Precursor Cells in Tumour Progression: A New Potential Therapeutic Target in Haematological Malignancies by Antonia Reale, Assunta Melaccio, Aurelia Lamanuzzi, Ilaria Saltarella, Franco Dammacco, Angelo Vacca, Roberto Ria

“…EPCs are recruited from the bone marrow under the stimulation of growth factors and cytokines and reach the sites of neovascularization in both physiological and pathological conditions such as malignancies where they contribute to the “angiogenic switch” and tumor progression. …”
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Autophagy in Macrophages: Impacting Inflammation and Bacterial Infection by Ali Vural, John H. Kehrl

“…Innate immune responses include the rapid induction of transcriptional networks that trigger the production of cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic molecules; the mobilization of cells including neutrophils and other leukocytes; the engulfment of pathogens by phagocytosis and their delivery to lysosome for degradation; and the induction of autophagy. …”
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Current Status of the Immunomodulation and Immunomediated Therapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis by Shyi-Jou Chen, Yen-Ling Wang, Hueng-Chuen Fan, Wen-Tsung Lo, Chih-Chien Wang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

“…This paper highlights the growing evidence that Th17 cells play the core role in the complex adaptive immunity of EAE/MS and discusses the roles of the associated immune cells and cytokines. These constitute the modern immunological basis for the development of novel clinical and preclinical immunomodulatory therapies for MS discussed in this paper.…”
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Peritoneal Adipocytes and Their Role in Inflammation during Peritoneal Dialysis by Kar Neng Lai, Joseph C. K. Leung

“…Adipose tissue synthesizes different adipokines and cytokines that orchestrate and regulate inflammation, insulin action, and glucose metabolism locally and systemically. …”
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The Evolution of Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: From Local Therapy to Systemic Agent by Jessica M. S. Jutzy, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Jason J. Luke, Steven J. Chmura

“…Through the release of tumor antigens, tumor DNA, and cytokines into the tumor microenvironment, radiation augments the antitumoral immune response to affect both the targeted lesion and distant sites of metastatic disease. …”
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Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine in Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis in Mice by Chengfen Wang, Yujing Xia, Yuanyuan Zheng, Weiqi Dai, Fan Wang, Kan Chen, Jingjing Li, Sainan Li, Rong Zhu, Jing Yang, Qin Yin, Huawei Zhang, Junshan Wang, Jie Lu, Yingqun Zhou, Chuanyong Guo

“…In this study, pretreatment with NAC ameliorated the histopathological changes and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in ConA-induced hepatitis. The expression of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ was significantly reduced in the NAC-treated groups. …”
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Microglia and Spinal Cord Synaptic Plasticity in Persistent Pain by Sarah Taves, Temugin Berta, Gang Chen, Ru-Rong Ji

“…Increasing evidence also suggests an important role of spinal cord microglia in the genesis of persistent pain, by releasing the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), Interleukine-1beta (IL-1β), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). …”
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Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer: How Is the Immune System Involved in Prognosis and Therapy: Potential for Treatment Utilization by Nikos G. Gavalas, Alexandra Karadimou, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Aristotelis Bamias

“…T cell populations, including NK T cells and Tregs, and cytokines have been associated with disease outcome, indicating their increasing clinical significance, having been associated with prognosis and as markers of disease progress, respectively. …”
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Systemic Role for Vitamin D in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome by Lisa Wenyang Fu, Ronald Vender

“…Psoriasis has been recently established to be a systemic disease centered on inflammation and involvement of cytokines of the Th1 pathway. There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. …”
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Invariant NKT Cells as Novel Targets for Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors by Karsten A. Pilones, Joseph Aryankalayil, Sandra Demaria

“…They are uniquely poised to respond rapidly to infection and inflammation and produce cytokines that critically shape the ensuing adaptive cellular response. …”
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Uterine Fibroids: Pathogenesis and Interactions with Endometrium and Endomyometrial Junction by Andrea Ciavattini, Jacopo Di Giuseppe, Piergiorgio Stortoni, Nina Montik, Stefano R. Giannubilo, Pietro Litta, Md. Soriful Islam, Andrea L. Tranquilli, Fernando M. Reis, Pasquapina Ciarmela

“…To date, several pathogenetic factors such as genetics, microRNA, steroids, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components have been implicated in the development and growth of leiomyoma. …”
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Corneal protective effects of a new ophthalmic formulation based on vitamin B12 and sodium hyaluronate by Francesca Lazzara, Federica Conti, Grazia Maugeri, Velia D’Agata, Velia D’Agata, Ludovica Sotera, Claudio Bucolo, Claudio Bucolo

“…Cell viability, cytotoxicity, ROS production, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were assessed by MTT, LDH, 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assays and Real-time PCR, respectively. …”
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