Cardiorenal Syndromes and Sepsis by C. Chelazzi, G. Villa, A. R. De Gaudio

“…In case of persistent renal impairment, renal replacement therapy may be used to remove cytokines and restore renal function.…”
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Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors for the Induction of Immunological Tolerance by Inès Dufait, Therese Liechtenstein, Alessio Lanna, Christopher Bricogne, Roberta Laranga, Antonella Padella, Karine Breckpot, David Escors

“…Thus, three main approaches have been undertaken to induce immunological tolerance; delivery of potent immunosuppressive cytokines and other molecules, modification of intracellular signalling pathways in dendritic cells, and de-targeting transgene expression from dendritic cells using microRNA technology. …”
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PPAR Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling in CNS Diseases by John J. Bright, Saravanan Kanakasabai, Wanida Chearwae, Sharmistha Chakraborty

“…The activation of NF-𝜅B and Jak-Stat signaling pathways and secretion of inflammatory cytokines are critical in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. …”
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Macrophage-Derived Biomarkers of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by E. Bargagli, A. Prasse, C. Olivieri, J. Muller-Quernheim, P. Rottoli

“…Biomarker discovery and clinical application are a recent topic of interest in the field of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Cytokines, CC-chemokines, and other macrophage-produced mediators are the most promising prognostic biomarkers. …”
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Defective production of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α by AIDS mononuclear cells after in vitro exposure to Rhodococcus equi by S. Delia, C. M. Mastroianni, M. Lichtner, F. Mengoni, S. Moretti, V. Vullo

“…PBMCs from healthy donors secreted elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α when challenged in vitro with killed R. equi, whereas the release of both cytokines was impaired in supernatant cultures from AIDS patients. …”
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Adipocytokines in Atherothrombosis: Focus on Platelets and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Giovanni Anfossi, Isabella Russo, Gabriella Doronzo, Alice Pomero, Mariella Trovati

“…In particular, increased synthesis and release of different cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adipokines—such as leptin—have been reported as associated with future cardiovascular events. …”
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Hepatic macrophages in liver fibrosis: pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets by Hai Li, Hong You, Jidong Jia, Xu Fan

“…Many studies demonstrated that while hepatic macrophages promoted fibrosis through the recruitment of proinflammatory immune cells, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the early stages, these also promoted the resolution of hepatic fibrosis through the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in the late stages. …”
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Analgesic Mechanism of Sinomenine against Chronic Pain by Wei Jiang, Weiming Fan, Tianle Gao, Tao Li, Zhenming Yin, Huihui Guo, Lulu Wang, Yanxing Han, Jian-Dong Jiang

“…Sinomenine has distinct immunoregulative properties, in which glutamate, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved. Sinomenine may alter the unbalanced neuroimmune interaction and inhibit neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and central sensitization in chronic pain states. …”
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Interaction among Cells of Bone, Immune System, and Solid Tumors Leads to Bone Metastases by Ilaria Roato

“…Moreover, immune system and bone have a bidirectional relationship: bone cells express surface molecules ruling the expansion of hemopoietic stem cells from which all cells of the mammalian immune system derive, and various immunoregulatory cytokines influence the fate of bone cells. The last findings allow to extend the concept of vicious cycle and add T cells as mediators of the tumor growth in bone.…”
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Follistatin Alleviates Synovitis and Articular Cartilage Degeneration Induced by Carrageenan by Jun Yamada, Kunikazu Tsuji, Kazumasa Miyatake, Yu Matsukura, Kahaer Abula, Makiko Inoue, Ichiro Sekiya, Takeshi Muneta

“…Activins are proinflammatory cytokines which belong to the TGFβ superfamily. Follistatin is an extracellular decoy receptor for activins. …”
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TIRAP, TRAM, and Toll-Like Receptors: The Untold Story by Valérie Lannoy, Anthony Côté-Biron, Claude Asselin, Nathalie Rivard

“…Myd88, or myeloid differentiation primary response 88, is a cytosolic adaptor protein essential for the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by all TLRs except TLR3. While the crucial role of Myd88 is well described, the contribution of other adaptors in mediating TLR signaling and function has been underestimated. …”
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Influence of Maternal Immunization with Allergens on the Thymic Maturation of Lymphocytes with Regulatory Potential in Children: A Broad Field for Further Exploration by Jefferson Russo Victor

“…The passive transfer of antigens, antibodies, and cytokines, the induction of phenotypic alterations in offspring lymphocytes, and the induction of regulatory populations in offspring have been proposed, but these mechanisms remain incompletely understood. …”
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Anti- and Protumorigenic Effects of PPARγ in Lung Cancer Progression: A Double-Edged Sword by Howard Li, Mary C. M. Weiser-Evans, Raphael Nemenoff

“…Activation of PPARγ in a variety of cancer cells leads to inhibition of growth, decreased invasiveness, reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and promotion of a more differentiated phenotype. …”
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Increased Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression in Peptidoglycan-Treated Blood Monocytes Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nondiabetic Rheumatoid Arthritis by Shih-Wei Wang, Tsun-Mei Lin, Chiou-Huey Wang, Hsiao-Han Liu, Jer-Yiing Houng

“…Accordingly, TLR-2 receptor and its related inflammatory cytokines could be potential therapeutic targets in managing insulin resistance in RA patients.…”
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Adaptive Immune Responses in Primary Cutaneous Sarcoidosis by Matteo Bordignon, Paola Rottoli, Carlo Agostini, Mauro Alaibac

“…We will further explore the contributions of selected cytokines to the immunopathological process. The knowledge of the adaptive immunological mechanisms operative in cutaneous sarcoidosis may subsequently be useful for identifying prevention and treatment strategies of systemic sarcoidosis.…”
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The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review by Thiago Henrique Teodoro, Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa, Jonato Prestes, José Campanholi, James Navalta, Guilherme Borges Pereira

“…Intracellular, other surface markers and cytokines, and immunoglobulins were not analyzed.ConclusionChronic exercise decreases serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, lowers the CD4/CD8 ratio, and increases IL-10 after 24 weeks, aiding Th1 and Th2 balance. …”
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The immunogenicity of PRV ΔgE/TK/UL49.5 three-gene-deleted vaccine in mice by Chenmeng Ding, Yawei Sun, Xianfeng Zhang, Mengmeng Shi, Han Yang, Xin Zhou, Shuangshuang Li, Yongtao Li, Xia Yang, Linyang Yu, Lu Chen

“…Immunized mice could induce high levels of serum neutralization antibodies and immune cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-4, which could provide complete protection against virulent PRV challenge. …”
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The active roles of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 in regulating antioxidant capacity and immune function of Leizhou black ducks by Jiang Wu, Yingxin Hu, Namula Zhao, Wei Yang, Zhibao Chen, Zhibao Chen

“…Moreover, ZTHY2 modulated the mRNA expression profiles of these cytokines in the thymus, spleen, and bursa, thereby sustaining the balance of immune dynamics. …”
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Therapeutic Efficacy of <i>Lavandula dentata</i>’s Oil and Ethanol Extract in Regulation of the Neuroinflammation, Histopathological Alterations, Oxidative Stress, and Restoring Ba... by Aziza Antar, Eman S. Abdel-Rehiem, Areej A. Al-Khalaf, Abdelaziz S. A. Abuelsaad, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar, Gaber M. G. Shehab, Ayman M. Abdel-Aziz

“…Moreover, <i>L. dentata’s</i> oil and ethanol extract re-balances T-reg/Th-17 cytokines, restoring the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and Treg markers, e.g., FOXP3 and CTLA-4, to their normal level. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Peptide Derived from the Synbiotics, Fermented Cudrania tricuspidata with Lactobacillus gasseri, on Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Jimyeong Ha, Hyemin Oh, Nam Su Oh, Yeongeun Seo, Joohyun Kang, Min Hee Park, Kyung Su Kim, Shin Ho Kang, Yohan Yoon

“…The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in the large intestine was measured. …”
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