Low-dose radiation ameliorates PM2.5-induced lung injury through non-canonical TLR1/TLR2-like receptor pathways modulated by Akkermansia muciniphila by Li Wang, Zhipeng Li, Huan He, Lijing Qin, Weiqiang Xu, Hongyuan Tian, Rongrong Liu, Xinru Lian, Wen Li, Yali Qi, Zhicheng Wang

“…Additionally, after PM2.5 exposure, M1 polarization of macrophages in alveolar lavage fluid and Th1 polarization in spleen increased, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) increased and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) decreased in lung and serum. …”
Get full text

Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme UBA1 Suppresses Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice by Jiawei Liao, Xiaolei Yang, Qiuyue Lin, Shuang Liu, Yunpeng Xie, Yunlong Xia, Hui-Hua Li

“…In vitro, PYR-41 blunted ox-LDL-induced lipid deposition and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β and Il-6) and NADPH oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4) in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages. …”
Get full text

Immunization with a Synthetic Helicobacter pylori Peptide Induces Secretory IgA Antibodies and Protects Mice against Infection by David Espinosa-Ramos, Diana Caballero-Hernández, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Armando Trejo-Chávez, Luis Jerónimo Pérez-Limón, Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos, Reyes Tamez-Guerra, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla

“…In addition, levels of serum TH1 and TH2 cytokines were not altered after immunization, except for the significant increase in IL-6 production in immunized and/or infected animals. …”
Get full text

The Confluence of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy and Tumor Immunology by Steven Eric Finkelstein, Robert Timmerman, William H. McBride, Dörthe Schaue, Sarah E. Hoffe, Constantine A. Mantz, George D. Wilson

“…Herein, we will discuss how SABR can induce cellular expression of MHC I, adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules, heat shock proteins, inflammatory mediators, immunomodulatory cytokines, and death receptors to enhance antitumor immune responses.…”
Get full text

Glucocorticosteroid in Treatment of Severe Pneumonia by Felinda Ariani, Kaixiong Liu, Zhang Jing, Jieming Qu

“…The balance between inflammatory mediators is key for the outcome of the pulmonary infection; elimination of invading pathogen was marked by the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators from alveolar macrophages and glucocorticoid steroids (GCs) acting on the inflammatory component. …”
Get full text

Modulation of Immunity by Antiangiogenic Molecules in Cancer by Magali Terme, Orianne Colussi, Elie Marcheteau, Corinne Tanchot, Eric Tartour, Julien Taieb

“…Some antiangiogenic molecules inhibit the development of immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumors to escape the immune system (such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and immunosuppressive cytokines). These immunomodulatory effects must be characterized in detail to enable a better prescription of these treatments. …”
Get full text

Role of Genetic Alterations in the NLRP3 and CARD8 Genes in Health and Disease by G. V. Paramel, A. Sirsjö, K. Fransén

“…The multimeric NLRP3 complex results in the caspase-1 activation and the release of potent inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β. Several studies have been performed on the association of the genetic alterations in genes encoding NLRP3 and CARD8 with the complex diseases with inflammatory background, like inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. …”
Get full text

The Function of T Follicular Helper Cells in the Autoimmune Liver Diseases by Lin Li, Panyang Xu, Qi Zhou, Jiancheng Xu

“…TFH cells participate in the immune response associated with AILDs by expressing surface receptors such as programmed cell death protein-1, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5, and inducible T cell costimulators, as well as cytokines such as interleukin-21. TFH cells also downregulate chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 and promote the dysregulation of the T follicular regulatory/TFH axis. …”
Get full text

Changes of Immunological Profiles in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Course of Treatment by Zuzana Humlová, Hana Klamová, Ivana Janatková, Karin Malícková, Petra Králíková, Ivan Šterzl, Zdeněk Roth, Eva Hamšíková, Vladimír Vonka

“…We found significant differences in the levels of immunoglobulins, the C4 component of complement, the C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, the composition of lymphocyte population and the production of some cytokines by stimulated CD3+ cells. Eleven of these patients were followed longitudinally. …”
Get full text

Immunomorphologic Manifestations in Mice Liver Infected with Influenza A/H5N1, A/Goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 Strain by Oxana V. Potapova, Tatyana V. Sharkova, Vyacheslav A. Shkurupiy, Alexander M. Shestopalov

“…It has been shown that the virus persistence in the liver leads to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and intracellular proteases (lysozyme, cathepsin D, and myeloperoxidase) by Kupffer cells. …”
Get full text

Inflammasome in Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer by Tiago Nunes, Heitor S. de Souza

“…The caspase-1 pathway leads to the upregulation of important cytokines from the interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-1β, and IL-18, with subsequent activation of the innate immune response. …”
Get full text

Sarcoidosis Presenting as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Bilal Haider Lashari, Ahmad Raza, Vincent Chan, William Ward

“…However, acute syndrome has been reported possibly in response to systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. Acute pulmonary manifestations, especially acute respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome, remain extremely uncommon in individuals without a prior diagnosis. …”
Get full text

Research Progress on the Correlation Between Microecological Flora and Endometriosis by LI Maoping, CHANG Heng

“…Existing studies have shown that imbalance of intestinal and reproductive tract flora can trigger local immune-inflammatory responses and cause systemic immune-inflammatory responses through cytokines and metabolic pathways, which in turn participate in the progression of EMs. …”
Get full text

The Fate of Allogeneic Pancreatic Islets following Intraportal Transplantation: Challenges and Solutions by Xinyu Li, Qiang Meng, Lei Zhang

“…However, there are many obstacles contributing to the early mass loss of the islets and progressive islet loss in the late stages of clinical islet transplantation, including hypoxia injury, instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, inflammatory cytokines, immune rejection, metabolic exhaustion, and immunosuppression-related toxicity that is detrimental to the islet allograft. …”
Get full text

Potential Roles of Exosomal lncRNAs in the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier by Shanshan Chen, Ruonan He, Beihui He, Li Xu, Shuo Zhang

“…The intestinal mucosal immune barrier protects the host from the invasion of foreign pathogenic microorganisms. Immune cells and cytokines in the intestinal mucosa maintain local and systemic homeostasis by participating in natural and adaptive immunity. …”
Get full text

Crosstalk between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Other Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment by Fabian Flores-Borja, Sheeba Irshad, Peter Gordon, Felix Wong, Ibrahim Sheriff, Andrew Tutt, Tony Ng

“…Three different groups of ILC have been described based on their ability to produce cytokines that mediate the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells in a variety of immune responses in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity. …”
Get full text

Cardiovascular Effects Mediated by HMMR and CD44 by Kinga Jaskuła, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Zbigniew Gaciong, Dominik S. Skiba

“…It is known that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in inflammation and is regulated by numerous stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines. The main receptors for hyaluronic acid are CD44 and RHAMM. …”
Get full text

Physalin B Suppresses Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling by Yanjun Yang, Lang Yi, Qing Wang, Bingbing Xie, Congwei Sha, Yan Dong

“…In conclusion, physalin B can suppress inflammatory response to LPS in macrophages by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signaling.…”
Get full text

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Their Role in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration by Carlos Rodrigo Camara-Lemarroy, Emmanuel Irineo Gonzalez-Moreno, Francisco Javier Guzman-de la Garza, Nancy Esthela Fernandez-Garza

“…This process is in part mediated by neuroglia as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells and regulated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of transcription factors also related to the inflammatory response. …”
Get full text

Orientin and vitexin attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells: a molecular docking study, biochemical characterization, and mechanism analysis by Yue Yu, Fusheng Pei, Zhanming Li

“…Moreover, RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of orientin and vitexin, based on the inflammation-related cytokines production, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and western blotting analysis. …”
Get full text