Long-Lasting Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Human Microfragmented Adipose Tissue by Sara Nava, Valeria Sordi, Luisa Pascucci, Carlo Tremolada, Emilio Ciusani, Offer Zeira, Moris Cadei, Gianni Soldati, Augusto Pessina, Eugenio Parati, Mark Slevin, Giulio Alessandri

“…During a long-term culture in serum-free medium, we found that the total cell number as well the MSC content in MFAT decreased more slowly if compared to those from LP specimens. The analysis of cytokines and growth factors secreted into the conditioned medium (CM) was similar in MFAT and LP during the first week of culture, but the total amount of cytokines secreted by LP decreased much more rapidly than those produced by MFAT during prolonged culture (up to 28 days). …”
Get full text

The Role of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agents in Rabbit Eye Model of Open-Globe Injury by Xiao Zhao, Han Han, Yinting Song, Mei Du, Mengyu Liao, Xue Dong, Xiaohong Wang, Ferenc Kuhn, Annette Hoskin, Heping Xu, Hua Yan

“…Vitreous fluid was collected, and levels of growth factors and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). …”
Get full text

Optimized “In Vitro” Culture Conditions for Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts by Claudia Casnici, Donatella Lattuada, Noemi Tonna, Katia Crotta, Claudio Storini, Fabio Bianco, Marcello Claudio Truzzi, Costantino Corradini, Ornella Marelli

“…The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the presence of synovial fluid was significantly elevated with respect to cells cultured with TNF-alpha or medium, and the overall morphology of cells was also modified. …”
Get full text

Melatonin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Modulating Inflammasome Activation by Gaia Favero, Lorenzo Franceschetti, Francesca Bonomini, Luigi Fabrizio Rodella, Rita Rezzani

“…Melatonin is an important antioxidant and also a widespread anti-inflammatory molecule, modulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different pathophysiological conditions. …”
Get full text

EZH2 serves as a viable therapeutic target for myeloma-induced osteolytic bone destruction by Rui Liu, Zongwei Li, Rui Chen, Zhihong Fang, Zhiqiang Liu, Huan Liu

“…Our research reveals that cytokines produced by myeloma-associated adipocytes activate the expression of EZH2 in myeloma cells. …”
Get full text

Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors by Ning-Bo Hao, Mu-Han Lü, Ya-Han Fan, Ya-Ling Cao, Zhi-Ren Zhang, Shi-Ming Yang

“…M1 macrophages express a series of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules, such as IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, iNOS and MHCI/II. …”
Get full text

Immune System in the Brain: A Modulatory Role on Dendritic Spine Morphophysiology? by Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero, Ignacio González-Burgos

“…These cells release immune mediators, such as cytokines, that modulate synaptic transmission and that alter the morphology of dendritic spines during the inflammatory process following injury. …”
Get full text

HGF-Modified Dental Pulp Stem Cells Mitigate the Inflammatory and Fibrotic Responses in Paraquat-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Panpan Geng, Yuning Zhang, Huan Zhang, Xiwen Dong, Yuefeng Yang, XiaoNa Zhu, Chu-Tse Wu, Hua Wang

“…Inflammatory and fibrosis-related cytokines were analyzed by real-time PCR. The results showed that MSCs’ supernatant could suppress the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic cytokines in BEAS-2B cells and human pulmonary fibroblast MRC-5. …”
Get full text

Immunity in the Cervix: Interphase between Immune and Cervical Epithelial Cells by Jorgelina Barrios De Tomasi, Michael Makokha Opata, Chishimba Nathan Mowa

“…These (ways) include mounting physical (intercellular junctions, secretion of mucus) and immune barriers (pathogen-recognition receptor-mediated pathways), which collectively and ultimately lead to the release of specific chemokines and or cytokines. The cytokines subsequently recruit subsets of immune cells appropriate to a particular immune context and response, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. …”
Get full text

Diabetic Retinopathy and BDNF: A Review on Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications by Mehrdad Afarid, Ehsan Namvar, Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi

“…Damage to the retinal cells due to metabolic alterations associated with diabetes and its consequence vasculopathy may also lead to changes in the ocular microenvironment and cytokines. Changes in cytokines result in the modification of neural cell receptors and the overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor. …”
Get full text

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Intervenes the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Junying Lu, Guilan Xiong, Hongxiang Li, Dong Zhang, Xiaohao Zhang

“…Besides, DNase I also attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) production in the BALF and the activity of lung MPO. …”
Get full text

Mechanistic study of the effect of a high-salt diet on the intestinal barrier by Li Chen, Junrui Tang, Yanglin Xia, Jie Wang, Li-na Xia

“…Notably, the SIgA and immune-related cytokines were significantly reduced in the HSD group. …”
Get full text

Anti-Inflammatory and Organ-Protective Effects of Resveratrol in Trauma-Hemorrhagic Injury by Fu-Chao Liu, Yung-Fong Tsai, Hsin-I Tsai, Huang-Ping Yu

“…Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound of grape and red wine, owns potential anti-inflammatory effects, which results in the reduction of cytokines overproduction, the inhibition of neutrophil activity, and the alteration of adhesion molecules expression. …”
Get full text

Mediators of Inflammation and Their Effect on Resident Renal Cells: Implications in Lupus Nephritis by Susan Yung, Kwok Fan Cheung, Qing Zhang, Tak Mao Chan

“…To date, numerous mediators of inflammation have been implicated in the development and progression of lupus nephritis, and these include cytokines, chemokines, and glycosaminoglycans. Of these, type I interferons (IFNs) can increase both gene and protein expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with lupus susceptibility, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hyaluronan have been shown to elicit both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on infiltrating and resident renal cells depending on the status of their microenvironment. …”
Get full text

Role of Myokines in Myositis Pathogenesis and Their Potential to be New Therapeutic Targets in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies by Vlad Mageriu, Emilia Manole, Alexandra E. Bastian, Florica Staniceanu

“…Some muscle cytokines, through their antagonistic action, may be a helpful contributor to the disease modulation, and thus, they could represent personalized treatment targets. …”
Get full text

Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Toll Like Receptor-2, -4 and Experimental Vasospasm in a Rat Model by Chih-Zen Chang, Shu-Chuan Wu, Aij-Lie Kwan

“…This study was to examine glycyrrhizin’s effect on proinflammatory cytokines and TLRs in SAH rats. Administration with glycyrrhizin was initiated 24 hr before and 1 hr later using osmotic minipump. …”
Get full text

Trichostatin A suppresses hearing loss by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in an Alport syndrome model. by Yoon Seok Nam, Eun-Ji Gi, Yoo-Seung Ko, Sungsu Lee, Hyong-Ho Cho

“…TSA treatment induced HO-1 signaling, which contributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that TSA represents a promising candidate molecule for mitigating the progression of hearing loss in AS.…”
Get full text

Effect of Magnolol on the Function of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells by Eun Jung Kwak, Young Soon Lee, Eun Mi Choi

“…Glutathione content was also measured in the cells. Bone-resorbing cytokines, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured with an enzyme immunoassay system. …”
Get full text

The Anti-Inflammatory, Phytoestrogenic, and Antioxidative Role of Labisia pumila in Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by M. E. Nadia, A. S. Nazrun, M. Norazlina, N. M. Isa, M. Norliza, S. Ima Nirwana

“…Estrogen is able to suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α. This is why these cytokines are elevated in postmenopausal women. …”
Get full text

Cellular Mechanisms of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease by Angela Oranger, Claudia Carbone, Maddalena Izzo, Maria Grano

“…A dysregulated production of numerous cytokines that can contribute to the uncoupling of bone cell activity is well documented in the bone marrow microenvironment of MM patients. …”
Get full text