Chemokine associations with blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier permeability and delirium by Paul Denver, Lucas Tortorelli, Karen Hov, Jens Petter Berg, Lasse M. Giil, Arshed Nazmi, Ana Lopez-Rodriguez, Daire Healy, Carol Murray, Robyn Barry, Leiv Otto Watne, Colm Cunningham

“…Mechanisms driving delirium are poorly understood but it has been suggested that blood cytokines and chemokines cross the blood brain barrier during delirium, directly impairing brain function. …”
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-antigenic adenovirus-based vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Jin-Seung Yun, Jin-Seung Yun, Eunkyung Shin, Young-Ran Lee, Jung-Ah Lee, Hyeokjin Lee, Jong-Seok Kim, Sung Jae Shin, Sang-Jun Ha, Sang-Won Lee, Dokeun Kim, Jung-Sik Yoo, Hye-Sook Jeong

“…In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-antigenic recombinant Ad5 vectored vaccine and determine the optimal immunization route for enhanced immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.MethodsWe constructed a multi-antigenic recombinant Ad5 vectored vaccine expressing four antigens (Ag85B-ESAT6-MPT64-Rv2660c) of M. tuberculosis (rAd-TB4), immunized with rAd-TB4 (5 × 107 infectious virus units/mouse) twice at an interval of 4 weeks starting at 10 weeks after BCG priming, and evaluated its boosting efficacy in a BCG-primed mouse model, and determined the optimal immunization route.ResultsCompared with the BCG-only (2 × 105 colony forming units/mouse), subcutaneous injection of rAd-TB4 (1 × 107 infectious virus units/mL; two doses) elicited a T-cell response and cytokine production in lung lymphocytes and splenocytes. rAd-TB4 immunization significantly reduced bacterial loads and inflamed lung areas compared to BCG immunization (p < 0.01) and protected against the H37Rv challenge performed at 17 weeks of BCG priming. …”
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF-κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammat... by Wen Zhang, Junke Song, Wan Li, Dewen Kong, Yu Liang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Guanhua Du

“…The Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, HMGB1, TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, and cleaved caspase-3 and -9 were tested via the Western blot method. Cytokines and cytokine mRNA, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were studied via ELISA and PCR methods. …”
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Associations between TGF-β1 Levels and Markers of Hemolysis, Inflammation, and Tissue Remodeling in Pediatric Sickle Cell Patients by Rayra P. Santiago, Magda O. S. Carvalho, Camylla V. B. Figueiredo, Luciana M. Fiuza, Rodrigo M. Oliveira, Sètondji C. M. A. Yahouédéhou, Valma M. L. Nascimento, Isa M. Lyra, Théo Araujo-Santos, Nívea F. Luz, Milena M. Aleluia, Caroline C. Guarda, Valéria M. Borges, Marilda S. Goncalves

“…Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine with important involvement in biological processes related to the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD), including endothelial and vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and hematopoietic homeostasis. …”
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Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia after lung transplantation: A case report of treatment with infliximab and tocilizumab and literature review by Christophe Abellan, Foteini Ioakeim, Alessio Casutt, Benoit Lechartier, Zisis Balmpouzis, Samuel Rotman, Leslie Noirez, Isabelle Rochat, John-David Aubert, Angela Koutsokera

“…Furthermore, we propose prompt realization of a cytokine panel analysis in both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage to better guide the adjuvant administration of a targeted anti-inflammatory therapy.…”
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Mesangial Cells Exhibit Features of Antigen-Presenting Cells and Activate CD4+ T Cell Responses by Hongyu Yu, Shaoyuan Cui, Yan Mei, Qinggang Li, Lingling Wu, Shuwei Duan, Guangyan Cai, Hanyu Zhu, Bo Fu, Li Zhang, Zhe Feng, Xiangmei Chen

“…CD4+ T cell activation induced by mesangial cells was detected in terms of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Results. IFN-γ-treated mesangial cells express membrane proteins involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation, including MHC-II, ICAM-1, CD40, and CD80. …”
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Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease by Xiaoniao Chen, Chuyue Zhang, Fei Peng, Lingling Wu, Deyi Zhuo, Liqiang Wang, Min Zhang, Zhaohui Li, Lei Tian, Ying Jie, Yifei Huang, Xinji Yang, Xiaoqi Li, Fengyang Lei, Yu Cheng

“…Furthermore, single-cell sequencing revealed a distinct subset of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic corneal epithelial cells in the dry eye model, while glutamine treatment downregulated those subclusters, thereby reducing their inflammatory cytokine secretion. In summary, glutamine effectively ameliorated inflammation and the occurrence of apoptosis by downregulating the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic corneal epithelial cells subclusters and the related IκBα/NF-κB signaling. …”
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Protective Effect of Amphipterygium adstringens Extract on Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Mario Rodriguez-Canales, Ruben Jimenez-Rivas, Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez, Ana Judith Garcia-Lopez, Nelly Rivera-Yañez, Oscar Nieto-Yañez, Yadira Ledesma-Soto, Luvia Enid Sanchez-Torres, Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa, Luis Ignacio Terrazas, Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy

“…AaEE also significantly decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β cytokine levels compared to DSS-treated mice and reduced both infiltration of inflammatory cells and the mucosal damage in colon. …”
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Lyophilized human platelet lysate: manufacturing, quality control, and application by Kerstin Wendland, Kerstin Wendland, Lea Koblin, Lea Koblin, Dirk Stobbe, Anna Dahms, Anna Dahms, Debora Singer, Debora Singer, Sander Bekeschus, Sander Bekeschus, Jan Wesche, Janosch Schoon, Konstanze Aurich

“…Growth factor and cytokine concentrations did not differ between HPL and L-HPL. …”
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New evidence on the nephrotoxicity of fine particulate matter: Potential toxic components from different emission sources by Fu-Jen Cheng, Chien-Er Huang, Pei-Shih Chen, Yu-Lun Tseng, Chung-Shin Yuan, Ching-Shu Lai

“…PM2.5 water extracts from both sites induced inflammatory cytokine upregulation in the lungs and kidneys, and inflammatory cell infiltration, antioxidant activity downregulation, and elevated levels of kidney injury molecule 1 in the kidneys. …”
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Intravesical BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer induces trained immunity and decreases respiratory infections by J Alfred Witjes, Alina Vrieling, Mihai G Netea, Leo A B Joosten, Katja K H Aben, Sita H Vermeulen, Joost L Boormans, Antoine G van der Heijden, Boris Novakovic, Jelmer H van Puffelen, Liesbeth van Emst, Denise Kooper, Tahlita C M Zuiverloon, Ursula T H Oldenhof, Tessel E Galesloot, Lambertus A L M Kiemeney, Egbert Oosterwijk

“…We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 17 NMIBC patients scheduled for BCG therapy and measured trained immunity parameters at 9 time points before and during a 1-year BCG maintenance regimen. Ex vivo cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, epigenetic modifications, and changes in the monocyte transcriptome were measured. …”
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Intrahepatic CD161hiCD8+T Cell Recruitment Has a Pathogenetic Potential in Chronic HBV Infection by Jianfei Li, Qian Liu, Wanlu Duan, Zhi Duan, Futing Liu, Mengqi Ruan, Qiyin Zong, Hao Zhang, Qiang Zhou, Qin Wang

“…Intrahepatic CD161hiCD8+T cells demonstrated increased CXCR6 expression, enhanced production of cytokine IL‐17 and TNF‐ɑ, and reduced IFN‐γ secretion. …”
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Transcriptomic signatures of cold acclimated adipocytes reveal CXCL12 as a Brown autocrine and paracrine chemokine by Marina Agueda-Oyarzabal, Marie S. Isidor, Kaja Plucińska, Lars R. Ingerslev, Oksana Dmytriyeva, Patricia S.S. Petersen, Sara Laftih, Axel B. Pontoppidan, Jo B. Henningsen, Kaja Rupar, Erin L. Brown, Thue W. Schwartz, Romain Barrès, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Camilla C. Schéele, Brice Emanuelli

“…Among 858 cold-sensitive transcripts in BAT adipocytes were 210 secreted factor-encoding genes, and Cxcl12 was the top brown adipocyte-enriched cytokine. Cxcl12 mRNA expression analysis by RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization specified Cxcl12 distribution in various cell types, and indicated its enrichment in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes. …”
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Increased Interleukin-11 Levels Are Correlated with Cardiac Events in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure by Jing Ye, Zhen Wang, Di Ye, Yuan Wang, Menglong Wang, Qingwei Ji, Ying Huang, Ling Liu, Ying Shi, Lei Shi, Tao Zeng, Yao Xu, Jianfang Liu, Huimin Jiang, Yingzhong Lin, Jun Wan

“…Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is an important inflammatory cytokine and has been demonstrated to participate in cardiovascular diseases. …”
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LLT1 overexpression renders allogeneic-NK resistance and facilitates the generation of enhanced universal CAR-T cells by Shuxian Zhu, Shiyu Zuo, Chuo Li, Xingjie You, Erlie Jiang, Xiaoming Feng, Yuechen Luo

“…In vitro, LLT1 overexpression boosted CAR-T cell proliferation and antitumor activity, leading to a transcriptional signature characterized by elevated stemness-related markers (SELL, BCL6, TCF7, and CD27) and increased levels of IL-10 and other cytokines. It also effectively mitigates rejection by allogeneic NK and T cells. …”
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Cooling and Sterile Inflammation in an Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury Model in BV-2 Microglia by Jana Lücht, Nele Rolfs, Sylvia J. Wowro, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt, Giang Tong

“…Exposure to OGD suppressed cytokine gene expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and TGFβ independently of temperature management, whereas cooling led to a significant increase in IL-1α gene expression after 6 h of OGD. …”
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15-Deoxy-γ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Reduces Liver Impairment in a Model of ConA-Induced Acute Hepatic Inflammation by Activation of PPARγ and Reduction in NF-κB Activity by Kan Chen, Jingjing Li, Junshan Wang, Yujing Xia, Weiqi Dai, Fan Wang, Miao Shen, Ping Cheng, Yan Zhang, Chengfen Wang, Jing Yang, Rong Zhu, Huawei Zhang, Yuanyuan Zheng, Jie Lu, Zhuoyi Fan, Yingqun Zhou, Chuanyong Guo

“…The histological grade, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and NF-κB and PPARγ activity were determined 6, 12, and 24 h after the ConA injection. …”
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Immune Modulation Effect of Administration of Rice Bran Extract with Increased Solubility Fermented by <i>Lentinus edodes</i> UBC-V88 in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice Model by Gi-Jung Kim, Yelim Jang, Ji-Yoon Hong, Kyoung-Tae Kwon, Dae-Weon Kim, Dae-Jung Kang, Sung-Joo Hwang, Jung-Yun Lee, Emmanouil Apostolidis, Young-In Kwon

“…The changes in the weight of the thymus and the spleen, immunoglobulins, and cytokine expressions were measured as biomarkers of immunomodulating potential after 14 days of oral administration of FRB and RB (0.5 g/kg-body weight (b.w.), respectively). …”
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IL-6/GATA2/SERPINE1 pathway is implicated in regulating cellular senescence after acute kidney injury by Hongshuang Su, Xiaoxi Lin, Ayinuer Paredong, Ayinuer Paredong, Congcong Yao, Yan Zhang, Mengke Geng, Yuqian Guan, Lichao Gong, Feng Jiang, Qi Lv, Songtao Shou, Heng Jin

“…IL-6, a multifunctional cytokine, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of various kidney diseases. …”
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Arginase-1-specific T cells target and modulate tumor-associated macrophages by Mads Hald Andersen, Inés Lecoq, Ayako Wakatsuki Pedersen, Evelina Martinenaite, Shamaila Munir Ahmad, Maria Perez-Penco, Lucia Lara de la Torre, Marion Chapellier, Lars Rønn Olsen, Mia Aaboe-Jørgensen, Hannah Jorinde Glöckner, Anne Mette Askehøj Rømer

“…T-cell-mediated changes in the macrophage immune phenotype and cytokine microenvironment were examined using flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and multiplex immunoassay. …”
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