Inflammation and ER Stress Downregulate BDH2 Expression and Dysregulate Intracellular Iron in Macrophages by Susu M. Zughaier, Brandon B. Stauffer, Nael A. McCarty

“…Here we show that LPS-induced inflammation combined with ER stress led to massive BDH2 downregulation, increased the expression of ER stress markers, upregulated hepcidin expression, downregulated ferroportin expression, caused iron retention in macrophages, and dysregulated cytokine release from macrophages. We also show that ER stress combined with inflammation synergistically upregulated the expression of the iron carrier protein NGAL and the stress-inducible heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) leading to iron liberation. …”
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Analysis and Characterization of the Immunogenicity of Rhoptry Protein 18 by Masoud Foroutan, Amir Karimipour-Saryazdi, Ali Dalir Ghaffari, Hamidreza Majidiani, Arezo Arzani Birgani, Elaheh Karimzadeh-Soureshjani, Shahrzad Soltani, Hany M Elsheikha

“…Predictions using the C-ImmSim server suggest that TgROP18 can stimulate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, based on antibody titers and cytokine profiles following antigen administration. …”
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Additive Effects of Glutathione in Improving Antibiotic Efficacy in HIV–<i>M.tb</i> Co-Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review by Leena Nabipur, Michael Mouawad, Vishwanath Venketaraman

“…Clinical studies highlighted increased TH1 cytokine production, reduced inflammatory markers, and improved CD4+ T cell counts in HIV–<i>M.tb</i> co-infected patients. …”
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Differences of IL-1β Receptors Expression by Immunocompetent Cells Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Alina A. Alshevskaya, Julia A. Lopatnikova, Nadezhda S. Shkaruba, Oksana A. Chumasova, Aleksey E. Sizikov, Aleksander V. Karaulov, Vladimir A. Kozlov, Sergey V. Sennikov

“…The effectiveness of the cytokine depends not only on the percentage of receptor-positive cells in an immunocompetent subset but also on the density of receptor expression. …”
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The Immediate Intramedullary Nailing Surgery Increased the Mitochondrial DNA Release That Aggravated Systemic Inflammatory Response and Lung Injury Induced by Elderly Hip Fracture by Li Gan, Jianfeng Zhong, Ruhui Zhang, Tiansheng Sun, Qi Li, Xiaobin Chen, Jianzheng Zhang

“…The serum mtDNA levels were significantly related with the serum cytokine (TNF-α and IL-10) levels and pulmonary histological score. …”
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Requirement of Innate Immunity in Tumor-Bearing Mice Cured by Adoptive Immunotherapy Using Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes by John Ammori, Khaled Hamzeh, Hallie Graor, Julian Kim

“…TDLNs harvested from mice with 4T1 carcinoma cells were fractionated to derive the L-selectinlow subpopulation and activated ex vivo prior to in vitro cytokine release assays and adoptive transfer into BALB/c mice bearing 3-day established subcutaneous tumors. …”
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Elevated Circulating IL-1β and TNF-Alpha, and Unaltered IL-6 in First-Trimester Pregnancies Complicated by Threatened Abortion With an Adverse Outcome by Nicolaos Vitoratos, Constantinos Papadias, Emmanuel Economou, Evangelos Makrakis, Constantinos Panoulis, George Creatsas

“…The purpose of the present study was to examine the profile of selected proinflammatory cytokines in maternal serum of first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion (TACP) and its relevance to obstetric outcome. …”
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Behçet's Disease (Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease) by Fumio Kaneko, Ari Togashi, Sanae Saito, Hideo Sakuma, Noritaka Oyama, Koichiro Nakamura, Kenji Yokota, Keiji Oguma

“…The pathogenesis of ABD is closely correlated with the genetic factors and the triggering factors which acquire delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against oral streptococci mediated by IL-12 cytokine family. HLA-B51 is associated in more than 60% of the patients and its restricted CD8+ T cell response is clearly correlated with the target tissues. …”
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Decreased TNF Levels and Improved Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in MMP-2 Null Mice Suggest a Role for MMP-2 as TNF Sheddase by Lies De Groef, Manuel Salinas-Navarro, Griet Van Imschoot, Claude Libert, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Lieve Moons

“…Given the pivotal role of TNF as a proinflammatory cytokine and neurodegeneration-exacerbating mediator, these findings generate important novel insights into the pathological processes contributing to glaucomatous neurodegeneration and into the interplay of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS.…”
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A Picrorhiza kurroa Derivative, Picroliv, Attenuates the Development of Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by De-Kui Zhang, Jian-Jie Yu, Yu-Min Li, Li-Na Wei, Yi Yu, Yan-Hu Feng, Xiang Wang

“…Free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). …”
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Seabuckthorn juice alleviates allergic symptoms in shrimp-induced food allergy mice by Hong Ren, Xiaofan Zhu, Shiyu Zhai, Xiaoping Feng, Zhuomin Yan, Jiao Sun, Ye Liu, Zhenpeng Gao, Fangyu Long

“…Taken together, our findings suggest that increased IL-10 by seabuckthorn juice inhibits Th2 cytokine production to suppress shrimp allergic symptoms. …”
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Caspase-11 Modulates Inflammation and Attenuates Toxoplasma gondii Pathogenesis by Sheryl L. Coutermarsh-Ott, John T. Doran, Caroline Campbell, Tere M. Williams, David S. Lindsay, Irving C. Allen

“…This attenuated host response was associated with reduced local and systemic cytokine production, including diminished IL-1β. During the chronic phase of infection, caspase-11 deficiency resulted in increased neuroinflammation and tissue cyst burden in the brain. …”
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Fetoplacental Tissues from Preeclamptic Pregnancies with or without Fetal Growth Restriction by Simona Cardaropoli, Luana Paulesu, Roberta Romagnoli, Francesca Ietta, Daniela Marzioni, Mario Castellucci, Alessandro Rolfo, Elena Vasario, Ettore Piccoli, Tullia Todros

“…The proinflammatory cytokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) is involved in physiological and pathological processes in pregnancy. …”
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The Comparison of the Immunologic Properties of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Dental Follicles by Selin Yildirim, Noushin Zibandeh, Deniz Genc, Elif Merve Ozcan, Kamil Goker, Tunc Akkoc

“…Furthermore, the DFSCs suppressed IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokine levels and enhanced IL-10 levels compared with the other cell sources. …”
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IL-33 Aggravates DSS-Induced Acute Colitis in Mouse Colon Lamina Propria by Enhancing Th2 Cell Responses by Junfeng Zhu, Fangli Yang, Lixuan Sang, Jingbo Zhai, Xiaoqing Zhang, Dan Yue, Shengjun Li, Yan Li, Changlong Lu, Xun Sun

“…Interleukin- (IL-) 33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is an important modulator of the immune system associated with several immune-mediated diseases. …”
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Cell autonomous TLR4 signaling modulates TGF-β induced activation of human cardiac fibroblasts by Gayathri Vijayakumar, Anisha Latha, Aiswaria P. Anil, Yogini Surve, Aiswarya R, Bipin G. Nair, Indulekha CL. Pillai

“…TGF-β treated cardiac fibroblastss show enhanced cytokine expression, and inhibition of TLR4 signaling reduces the expression of cytokines, thereby reducing TGF-β targets such as extracellular matrix genes. …”
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A Network Pharmacology Study and Experimental Validation to Identify the Potential Mechanism of Heparan Sulfate on Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neuroinflammation by Dong-Uk Kim, Bitna Kweon, Jinyoung Oh, Yebin Lim, Gyeongran Noh, Jihyun Yu, Hyang-Rin Kang, Tackmin Kwon, Kwang youll Lee, Gi-Sang Bae

“…Results: We performed functional enrichment analysis of common genes between HS target genes and AD-NI gene sets and obtained items such as the “Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway”, “Positive Regulation Of MAPK Cascade”, and “MAPK signaling pathway”. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pretreated with HGF and FGF4 Can Reduce Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Sulaiman Shams, Sadia Mohsin, Ghazanfar Ali Nasir, Mohsin Khan, Shaheen N. Khan

“…Mouse MSCs were pretreated with cytokines to improve their ability to reduce CCl4 injury. …”
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Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications by Ahmad Vafaeian, Fateme Rajabi, Nima Rezaei

“…The dysregulation of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of TLRs can be attributed to their ligand structures, receptor heterodimerization, the relative frequency of each TLR, interactions with other receptors/signalling pathways, cytokine milieu, and genetic polymorphisms. Current AD treatments like vitamin-D analogs, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine partially work through TLR modulation. …”
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3,5,4′-Tri-O-acetylresveratrol Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via MAPK/SIRT1 Pathway by Lijie Ma, Yilin Zhao, Ruixuan Wang, Tingting Chen, Wangping Li, Yandong Nan, Xueying Liu, Faguang Jin

“…Inflammation was assessed by MPO activities and cytokine secretion in lungs and cells. The results showed that AC-Rsv significantly reduced the mortality of mice stimulated with LPS. …”
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