Review on the Role of Host Immune Response in Protection and Immunopathogenesis during Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infection by Teshager Dubie, Yasin Mohammed

“…Following its inoculation, the promastigotes are immediately taken up by phagocytic cells and these leishmania-infected host cells produce proinflammatory cytokines that activate other immune cells and these infected host cells produce more cytokines and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species for efficient control of leishmania infection. …”
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Neutrophils in Tissue Trauma of the Skin, Bone, and Lung: Two Sides of the Same Coin by A. Kovtun, D. A. C. Messerer, K. Scharffetter-Kochanek, M. Huber-Lang, A. Ignatius

“…However, severe trauma can affect central neutrophil functions, including circulation half-life, chemokinesis, phagocytosis, cytokine release, and respiratory burst. Alterations in neutrophil biology may contribute to trauma-associated complications, including immune suppression, sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction, and disturbed tissue regeneration. …”
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Alterations of the Murine Gut Microbiome with Age and Allergic Airway Disease by Marius Vital, Jack R. Harkema, Mike Rizzo, James Tiedje, Christina Brandenberger

“…After challenge, the animals were sacrificed, blood serum was collected for cytokine analysis, and the lungs were processed for histopathology. …”
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Key Cell Types and Biomarkers in Heart Failure Identified through Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Data by Ying Kong, Ning Yang, Zhiqing Luo, Ruiting Huang, Quhuan Li

“…Additionally, differential analysis of myeloid cells revealed crosstalk between cellular communication and cytokine-regulated immune responses in HF, with the MIF pathway emerging as a crucial immune regulatory pathway. …”
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Modulatory Function of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Yi-Ping Chuang, Chih-Hung Wang, Ning-Chi Wang, Deh-Ming Chang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

“…Studies using murine lupus models demonstrate that iNKT cells participate in SLE progression by sensing apoptotic cells, regulating immunoglobulin production, and altering the cytokine profile upon activation. However, the dichotomy of iNKT cell actions in murine models implies complicated interactions within the body's milieu. …”
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PI3K Functions in Cancer Progression, Anticancer Immunity and Immune Evasion by Tumors by Francesco Dituri, Antonio Mazzocca, Gianluigi Giannelli, Salvatore Antonaci

“…However, a dysregulated cytokine release can lead to, or be associated with, a failure in cell-cell recognition, thus, allowing cancer cells to evade the killing system. …”
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Carbon Black Particle Exhibits Size Dependent Toxicity in Human Monocytes by Devashri Sahu, G. M. Kannan, R. Vijayaraghavan

“…In the present study, the effect of particle size (nano and micro) of carbon black (CB) particle on viability, phagocytosis, cytokine induction, and DNA damage in human monocytes, THP-1 cells, was analysed. …”
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Toll-Like Receptors in Natural Killer Cells and Their Application for Immunotherapy by Ji-Yoon Noh, Suk Ran Yoon, Tae-Don Kim, Inpyo Choi, Haiyoung Jung

“…They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger innate immune responses by inducing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, antigen-presenting molecules, and costimulatory molecules. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity by Gabriel Olmos, Jerònia Lladó

“…Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that exerts both homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system. …”
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Hepatitis E rORF2p Stimulated and Unstimulated Peripheral Expression Profiling in Patients with Self-Limiting Hepatitis E Infection by Sanjay B. Rathod, Anuradha S. Tripathy

“…The observed upregulations of inhibitory, integrin, activatory, and Treg-associated cytokine genes on the PBMCs of acute HEV patients complemented by their frequency data suggest them as the major players in the fine-tuning of immune response in self-limiting hepatitis E infection.…”
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Ekspresi Protein Sitoplasmik SOCs2 pada Adenokarsinoma Kolorektal: Studi Imunohistokimia by Nita Afriani Azmal, Shinta Ayu Intan, Tofrizal Tofrizal

“…Inflammatory cytokines have a role in triggering cell signals in colorectal cancer. …”
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Erythropoietin, Forkhead Proteins, and Oxidative Injury: Biomarkers and Biology by Kenneth Maiese, Jinling Hou, Zhao Zhong Chong, Yan Chen Shang

“…In particular, both the growth factor and cytokine erythropoietin (EPO), and members of the mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxOs), may offer the greatest promise for new treatment regimens, since these agents and the cellular pathways they oversee cover a range of critical functions that directly influence progenitor cell development, cell survival and degeneration, metabolism, immune function, and cancer cell invasion. …”
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Suppression of monocyte and neutrophil function by recombinant IL-2 by Susan E. Smith, Gayle D. Warren, Yee-Hing Thong, Joe G. McCormack

“…IL-2 may be a more versatile cytokine than has previously been appreciated.…”
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Dietary Solid-state-fermentation product of Bacillus velezensis T23 alleviate hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, gut barrier damage, and microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile genetica... by Qiang Hao, Rolf Erik Olsen, Einar Ringø, Qianwen Ding, Tsegay Teame, Yuanyuan Yao, Chao Ran, Yalin Yang, Zhen Zhang, Zhigang Zhou

“…Compared with the control, the 0.3T23 group showed significantly upregulated expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (tgf-β and il-10) in the liver of the fish (p < 0.05). …”
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CD38 deficiency leads to a defective short-lived transcriptomic response to chronic graft-versus-host disease induction, involving purinergic signaling-related genes and distinct t... by Mercedes Zubiaur, Laura C. Terrón-Camero, Fernando Gordillo-González, Eduardo Andrés-León, Alicia Barroso-del Jesús, Luz María Canet-Antequera, María M. Pérez Sánchez-Cañete, África Martínez-Blanco, Marilú Domínguez-Pantoja, María Botia-Sánchez, Sonia Pérez-Cabrera, Nerea Bello-Iglesias, Antonio Alcina, Ana-Clara Abadía-Molina, Fuencisla Matesanz, Esther Zumaquero, Ramón Merino, Jaime Sancho

“…We have also shown evidence of a distinct enrichment in pathways signatures that define processes such as Ca2+ ion homeostasis, cell division, phagosome, autophagy, senescence, cytokine/cytokine receptor interactions, Th17 and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation in Cd38-/- versus WT samples, which reflected the milder inflammatory and autoimmune response elicited in Cd38-/- mice relative to WT counterparts in response to the allogeneic challenge. …”
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TCR-engaging scaffolds selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells with a favorable phenotype for adoptive cell therapy by Marco Donia, Özcan Met, Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen, Sine Reker Hadrup, Inge Marie Svane, Arianna Draghi, Anders Handrup Kverneland, Christina Heeke, Siri Amanda Tvingsholm, Marcus Svensson Frej, Vibeke Mindahl Rafa, Ulla Kring Hansen, Maria Ormhøj, Alexander Tyron, Agnete W P Jensen, Mohammad Kadivar, Amalie Kai Bentzen, Kamilla K Munk, Gitte N Aasbjerg, Jeppe S H Ternander, Tripti Tamhane, Christian Schmess, Samuel A. Funt, Søren Nyboe Jakobsen

“…This demonstrates that the coordinated stimuli provided by an optimized stoichiometry of TCR engaging (pMHC) and stimulatory (cytokine) moieties is essential to obtain desired T-cell characteristics. …”
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The Correlation of CD206, CD209, and Disease Severity in Behçet’s Disease with Arthritis by Bunsoon Choi, Chang-Hee Suh, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Hasan M. Sayeed, Seonghyang Sohn

“…The frequencies of several pattern recognition receptors (CD11b, CD11c, CD32, CD206, CD209, and dectin-1) were analyzed in patients with BD by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels, interleukin- (IL-) 18, IL-23, and IL-17A, were compared in plasma. …”
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Immunosenescence: Modulation Through Interventions and Lifestyle Changes by Luca Pangrazzi, Andreas Meryk

“…At the cellular level, immunosenescence manifests as decreased production of naive T and B cells, accumulation of memory and senescent cells, thymic involution, and dysregulated cytokine production. Recent advances in molecular biology have shed light on the underlying mechanisms of immunosenescence, including telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in key signaling pathways such as NF-κB and mTOR. …”
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Oligodendrocyte Injury in Multiple Sclerosis. by Mateo Përgjegji, Klei Bame, Ketrina Ceka, Jera Cenalia , Sibora Bërdica , Teona Bushati

“…Oligodendrocyte damage in MS occurs via multiple mechanisms, including metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and cytokine-induced apoptosis, mainly mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling. …”
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The “Trojan Horse” Approach to Tumor Immunotherapy: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment by Delia Nelson, Scott Fisher, Bruce Robinson

“…The “Trojan Horse” approach of intratumoural delivery aims to promote immune-mediated destruction by inducing microenvironmental changes within the tumour at the same time as avoiding the systemic toxicity that is often associated with more “full frontal” treatments such as transfer of large numbers of laboratory-expanded tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes or large intravenous doses of cytokine. Numerous studies have demonstrated that intratumoural therapy has the capacity to minimizing local suppression, inducing sufficient “dangerous” tumor cell death to cross-prime strong immune responses, and rending tumor blood vessels amenable to immune cell traffic to induce effector cell changes in secondary lymphoid organs. …”
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