IL-6 Promotes Islet β-Cell Dysfunction in Rat Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Huan Jin, Yaogui Ning, Haotong Zhou, Youlian Wang

“…Interestingly, the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression was significantly increased when compared with the control group. …”
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Clinical Trials of Immunogene Therapy for Spontaneous Tumors in Companion Animals by Gerardo Claudio Glikin, Liliana María Elena Finocchiaro

“…Both viral and mainly nonviral vectors were used to deliver gene products as cytokines, xenogeneic tumor associated antigens, specific ligands, and proapoptotic regulatory factors. …”
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Secukinumab-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Patient Treated for Chronic Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Role of Novel Biologic Age... by K. M. Darch, T. L. Holland, L. J. Spelman

“…Secukinumab (Cosentyx), a fully-human monoclonal antibody that acts by selectively binding to and neutralising the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A, is used widely for the treatment of both chronic plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. …”
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Perpetuation of inflammation associated with experimental arthritis: the role of macrophage activation by neutrophilic myeloperoxidase by Monique P. Gelderman, Rodney Stuart, David Vigerust, Steven Fuhrmann, Doris L. Lefkowitz, Robert C. Allen, Stanley S. Lefkowitz, Susan Graham

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by an abnormal cellular and cytokine infiltration of inflamed joints. This study addresses a previously unrecognized interaction between neutrophilic-myeloperoxidase (MPO) and macrophages (MΦ) which could explain the perpetuation of inflammation associated with RA. …”
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Adverse Immunologically Mediated Oral Mucosal Reactions to Systemic Medication: Lichenoid Tissue Reaction/Interface Dermatitis-Stomatitis, Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Disease, and I... by R. A. G. Khammissa, R. Chandran, A. Masilana, J. Lemmer, L. Feller

“…The type of hypersensitivity immune response generated, whether antibody mediated or T cell mediated, or an immune complex reaction is determined by multiple factors, including the molecular characteristics of the allergen, the route of administration of the medication, the manner of presentation of the allergen by antigen-presenting cells to naïve T cells, the repertoire of the T cell receptors, and the cytokine profile within the microenvironment. This review deals with the clinical and histopathological aspects of adverse immunologically mediated oral mucosal reactions to systemic medication. …”
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Investigation of Functional Activity of Cells in Granulomatous Inflammatory Lesions from Mice with Latent Tuberculous Infection in the New Ex Vivo Model by Elena Ufimtseva

“…It was found that some part of cytokine macrophage producers have carried acid-fast mycobacteria. …”
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Bach2: A Key Regulator in Th2-Related Immune Cells and Th2 Immune Response by Guo Liu, Feng Liu

“…In T cell lineages, Bach2 suppresses the CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 cells, restrains Th2 cytokine production, and promotes the generation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells to balance the immune activity. …”
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Promoting Articular Cartilage Regeneration through Microenvironmental Regulation by Kai Liu, Bingjun Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang

“…By searching relevant research articles and clinical trials in PubMed according to the keywords of articular cartilage, microenvironment, OA, mechanical force, hypoxia, cytokine, and cell senescence. This study first summarizes the factors affecting articular cartilage regeneration, then proposes corresponding treatment strategies, and finally points out the future research direction. …”
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Interleukin-6 “Trans-Signaling” and Ischemic Vascular Disease: The Important Role of Soluble gp130 by Mario Luca Morieri, Angelina Passaro, Giovanni Zuliani

“…Interleukine-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved both in the beneficial acute inflammatory response and in the detrimental chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. …”
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Prostacyclin Synthase: Upregulation during Renal Development and in Glomerular Disease as well as Its Constitutive Expression in Cultured Human Mesangial Cells by Thomas Klein, Günther Klaus, Martin Kömhoff

“…Cultured human mesangial cells produce primarily PGI2 and prostaglandin E2, followed by prostaglandin F2α Cytokine stimulation increased PGI2 formation 24-fold. …”
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An Overview of the Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Gut Infections and Inflammation by Silvia Sedda, Irene Marafini, Michele M. Figliuzzi, Francesco Pallone, Giovanni Monteleone

“…Specifically, ILCs1 express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete T helper type-1- (Th1-) related cytokines, ILCs2 are dependent on the transcription factor RORα and express Gata-3 and the chemokine receptor homologous molecule (CRTH2) and produce Th2-related cytokines, and ILCs3 express the transcription factor RORγt and synthesize interleukin- (IL-) 17, IL-22, and, under specific stimuli, interferon-γ. …”
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Differential Role of Rapamycin and Torin/KU63794 in Inflammatory Response of 264.7 RAW Macrophages Stimulated by CA-MRSA by Rebekah K. H. Shappley, Thomas Spentzas

“…Torin and KU63794 are consistently suppressing cytokine production 50–60%. Conclusions. There is a differential response between Rapamycin (mTOR-1 inhibitor) and Torin KU63794 (mTOR 1 and 2 inhibitors). …”
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TNF Tolerance in Monocytes and Macrophages: Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms by René Huber, Rolf Bikker, Bastian Welz, Martin Christmann, Korbinian Brand

“…Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) tolerance in monocytes and macrophages means that preexposure to TNF reduces the sensitivity in these cells to a subsequent restimulation with this cytokine. Differential effects arise following preincubation with both low and high doses of TNF resulting in absolute as well as induction tolerance affecting specific immunologically relevant gene sets. …”
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Heart rhythm disorders and features of their management at COVID-19 pandemic by Yu.M. Mostovoy, T.D. Danilevych

“…Probable mechanisms of their occurrence are: direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, hypoxia, systemic inflammatory reaction, cytokine "storm" (increased levels of ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, catecholamines), myocardial ischemia, electrolyte imbalance, volume overload, hypercoagulation, proarrhythmogenic side effects of drugs, etc. …”
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The Effect of Conventional and Mini-Invasive Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Neutrophil Activation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting by Martina Kolackova, Jan Krejsek, Vladimir Svitek, Pavel Kunes, Jiri Mandak, Zdenka Holubcova, Vladimir Lonsky

“…Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is considered to be a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties, which have been previously linked to increased incidence of sepsis. …”
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Can Chronic Nitric Oxide Inhibition Improve Liver and Renal Dysfunction in Bile Duct Ligated Rats? by Mona Fouad Mahmoud, Sara Zakaria, Ahmed Fahmy

“…TNF-α is not the main cytokine responsible for liver injury in BDL model. …”
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Inflammatory Response Mechanisms Exacerbating Hypoxemia in Coexistent Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sleep Apnea by Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Jay Balachandran

“…Comorbidities like pulmonary hypertension, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contribute to chronic hypoxemia leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that may propagate clinical deterioration and alter the pulmonary fibrotic pathway. …”
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The Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Preterm Infants – A Literature Review by Larysa Bielecka

“…Research consistently shows that PUFA supplementation lowers IL-6 levels, a cytokine considered a risk factor for sepsis in preterm infants. …”
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Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics for the Treatment of Malignant Disease by Joel F. Aldrich, Devin B. Lowe, Michael H. Shearer, Richard E. Winn, Cynthia A. Jumper, Ronald C. Kennedy

“…A number of immunotherapeutic strategies have arisen for the treatment of malignant disease, including various vaccination schemes, cytokine therapy, adoptive cellular therapy, and monoclonal antibody therapy. …”
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Evaluation of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1beta in an Experimental Pyelonephritis Model Induced with Planktonic and Biofilms Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Rahul Mittal, Saroj Sharma, Sanjay Chhibber, Kusum Harjai

“…The results of the present investigation suggest that exaggerated cytokine production during P aeruginosa-induced pyelonephritis causes tissue damage operative through neutrophil recruitment leading to bacterial persistence in host tissues. …”
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