The Average IFN-γ Secreting Capacity of Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Compromised While Increasing Copies of a Single T Cell Epitope Encoded by DNA Vaccine by Yanmin Wan, Jing Wang, Haizhu Zhou, Zhidong Hu, Xiaonan Ren, Jianqing Xu

“…Previous studies suggested that both the frequency and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of cytokine secreting T cells could be of great value for immunogenicity evaluation of a vaccine. …”
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Biological roles of growth hormone/prolactin from an evolutionary perspective by Yasumasa Iwasaki, Mitsuru Nishiyama, Dylan Corcoran, Takako Araki

“…Furthermore, GH, PRL, and their receptors structurally belong to the cytokine family of proteins, and indeed they have remarkable pleiotropic effects. …”
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Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato inhibits CIITA transcription through pSTAT3 activation and enhanced SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression leading to limited IFN-γ production by Michelle A.E. Brouwer, Zara Karami, Samuel T. Keating, Hedwig Vrijmoeth, Heidi L.M. Lemmers, Helga Dijkstra, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Mihaela Lupse, Hadewych J.M. ter Hofstede, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A.B. Joosten

“…Moreover, B. burgdorferi s.l. significantly increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 gene expression in LB patients. …”
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Platelet–Monocyte Aggregate Instigates Inflammation and Vasculopathy in Kawasaki Disease by Yuan Zhang, Cuiping Jia, Manli Guo, Qian Chen, Ying Wen, Ting Wang, Yinyin Xie, Xuejiao Fan, Jingwen Gao, Timur O. Yarovinsky, Renjing Liu, Zhiyong Jiang, Mengmeng Wang, Jin Zhou, Di Che, Lanyan Fu, Richard Edelson, Xiaoqiong Gu, John Hwa, Wai Ho Tang

“…These findings reveal that platelet–monocyte interactive proteins (CD62p/PSGL‐1 and (GP)Ibα/CD11b) and cytokine mediators (platelet TGFβ1) are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for KD vasculopathy.…”
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IL-23 tunes inflammatory functions of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells by Laetitia Camard, Tharshana Stephen, Hanane Yahia-Cherbal, Vincent Guillemot, Sébastien Mella, Victoire Baillet, Hélène Lopez-Maestre, Daniele Capocefalo, Laura Cantini, Claire Leloup, Julie Marsande, Katherine Garro, Juan Sienes Bailo, Ambre Dangien, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Milena Hasan, Huimeng Wang, Sidonia B.G. Eckle, Anne M. Fourie, Carrie Greving, Barbara Joyce-Shaikh, Raphaelle Parker, Daniel J. Cua, Elisabetta Bianchi, Lars Rogge

“…Protein and transcriptional profiling at the population and single cell level demonstrates that stimulation with IL-23 or the structurally related cytokine IL-12 drives distinct functional profiles, revealing a high level of plasticity of MAIT cells. …”
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Dual role of ramR mutation in enhancing immune activation and elevating eravacycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Wei Yu, Peiyao Jia, Xiaobing Chu, Shengjie Li, Xinmiao Jia, Ying Zhu, Xiaoyu Liu, Yingchun Xu, Qiwen Yang

“…Furthermore, despite lower intracellular bacterial loads, ramR L58P and F165L mutants induce heightened pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages and elevate systemic cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]2, IL4, IL6, IL12, interferon‐α, and interferon‐γ) in human blood co‐culture experiments. …”
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The Characteristics Variation of Hepatic Progenitors after TGF-β1-Induced Transition and EGF-Induced Reversion by Ping Wang, Min Cong, Tianhui Liu, Aiting Yang, Guangyong Sun, Dong Zhang, Jian Huang, Shujie Sun, Jia Mao, Hong Ma, Jidong Jia, Hong You

“…Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Fruit Extract of Solanum diploconos (Mart.) Bohs by Larissa Benvenutti, Roberta Nunes, Ivonilce Venturi, Silvia Aparecida Ramos, Milena Fronza Broering, Fernanda Capitanio Goldoni, Sarah Eskelsen Pavan, Maria Verônica Dávila Pastor, Angela Malheiros, Nara Lins Meira Quintão, Elizabeth Soares Fernandes, José Roberto Santin

“…Leukocyte influx (by optical microscopy) and cytokine release were quantified in the pouch exudates. …”
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Regulation of the G1/S Transition in Hepatocytes: Involvement of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Cdk1 in the DNA Replication by Anne Corlu, Pascal Loyer

“…Finally, we provided strong evidences that Cdk1 expression and activation is correlated to extracellular matrix degradation upon stimulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα leading to the identification of a new signaling pathway regulating Cdk1 expression at the G1/S transition. …”
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PPARγ Ligands Regulate Noncontractile and Contractile Functions of Airway Smooth Muscle: Implications for Asthma Therapy by Chantal Donovan, Xiahui Tan, Jane Elizabeth Bourke

“…This review summarises experimental evidence that PPARγ ligands, such as rosiglitazone (RGZ) and pioglitazone (PGZ), inhibit proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production from ASM in vitro. In addition, inhaled administration of these ligands reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodelling in mouse models of allergen-induced airways disease. …”
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Selected Mechanisms of Action of Bacteriophages in Bacterial Infections in Animals by Renata Urban-Chmiel, Ewelina Pyzik

“…Due to their complex protein structure, phages can also directly or indirectly modulate immune processes, including innate immunity, by modulating phagocytosis and cytokine reactions, as well as acquired immunity, by producing antibodies and activating effector cells. …”
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Nutraceutical COMP-4 confers protection against endothelial dysfunction through the eNOS/iNOS-NO-cGMP pathway. by Monica G Ferrini, Andrea Abraham, Revecca Millán, Leslie Graciano, Sriram V Eleswarapu, Jacob Rajfer

“…NO intracellular content, nitrite formation and cGMP content in culture media, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and mRNA content, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and PAI-1 expression and activity were measured. …”
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PRRSV-2 nsp2 Ignites NLRP3 inflammasome through IKKβ-dependent dispersed trans-Golgi network translocation. by Lujie Zhang, Yanni Gao, Haoran Zhou, Xiao Liang, Xiaolin Jiang, Wenqin Gong, Yangyang Sun, Desheng Zhang, Xianwei Wang, Hans Nauwynck, Juan Bai, Ping Jiang

“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2), belonging to the family Arteriviridae, triggers dysregulated cytokine release and interstitial pneumonia, which can quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress and death. …”
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Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of milk caseins containing A1 β-casein does not lead to increased production of inflammatory proteins in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro w... by Alan Aitchison, Teagan S. Edwards, Andrew S. Day

“…The digestion products were incubated with intestinal epithelial cells with or without the presence of an inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, and the effects on inflammatory markers studied. …”
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Tamarind Seed Xyloglucans Promote Proliferation and Migration of Human Skin Cells through Internalization via Stimulation of Proproliferative Signal Transduction Pathways by W. Nie, A. M. Deters

“…Independent of cell type TSw marginally regulated the expression of genes, which referred to membrane proteins, cytoskeleton, cytokine signaling, and ECM as well as to processes of metabolism and transcription. …”
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EMAP II Expression Is Increased on Peripheral Blood Cells from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Manal Mohamed Saber

“…EMAP II was first reported in the murine methylcholanthrene A-induced fibrosarcoma supernatant and identified as a tumor-derived cytokine. This study evaluated EMAP II expression in peripheral blood cells and its association with treatment outcome, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and clinical criteria in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients. …”
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The Immune Response Is Involved in Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification: Could the RANKL/RANK/OPG System Be a Marker of Plaque Instability? by Fabrizio Montecucco, Sabine Steffens, François Mach

“…These cells play a crucial role in all phases of atherosclerotic plaque formation and complication through cytokine, protease, and prothrombotic factor secretion. …”
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Ultraviolet Radiation and the Slug Transcription Factor Induce Proinflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mediator Expression in Melanocytes by Stephanie H. Shirley, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Donna F. Kusewitt

“…Further exploration of UVR-induced and Slug-dependent pathways of cytokine induction in melanocytes may reveal novel targets for melanoma therapy.…”
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Essential Role of Zinc and Zinc Transporters in Myeloid Cell Function and Host Defense against Infection by Muna Sapkota, Daren L. Knoell

“…Deficits in zinc adversely impact macrophage function resulting in dysregulation of phagocytosis, intracellular killing, and cytokine production. An additional work in this field has revealed a vital role for several zinc transporter proteins that are required for proper bioredistribution of zinc within mononuclear cells to achieve an optimal immune response against invading microorganisms. …”
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IL-17A and Th17 Cells in Lung Inflammation: An Update on the Role of Th17 Cell Differentiation and IL-17R Signaling in Host Defense against Infection by Hsing-Chuan Tsai, Sharlene Velichko, Li-Yin Hung, Reen Wu

“…Cytokines such as IL-23, which are involved in Th17 differentiation, play a critical role in controlling Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) infection. …”
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