Single Exposure to Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Causes Biphasic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier Through Secondary Mechanisms by Tasneem A. Arsiwala, Kathryn E. Blethen, Cullen P. Wolford, Geoffrey L. Pecar, Dhruvi M. Panchal, Brooke N. Kielkowski, Peng Wang, Manish Ranjan, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Victor Finomore, Ali Rezai, Paul R. Lockman

“…Additionally, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, were observed in both sonicated and non-sonicated regions. …”
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Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in regulating adipocyte progenitors by Nguyen Quynh Phuong, Muhammad Bilal, Allah Nawaz, Le Duc Anh, Memoona, Muhammad Rahil Aslam, Sana Khalid, Tomonobu Kado, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Ayumi Nishimura, Yoshiko Igarashi, Keisuke Okabe, Kenichi Hirabayashi, Seiji Yamamoto, Takashi Nakagawa, Hisashi Mori, Isao Usui, Shiho Fujisaka, Ryuji Hayashi, Kazuyuki Tobe

“…Therein, macrophage and its cytokine are important in controlling tissue homeostasis. …”
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Germinal Center B Cells are Uniquely Targeted by Antibody-Suppressor CXCR5+CD8+ T Cells by Jason M. Zimmerer, PhD, Sachi Chaudhari, BS, Kavya Koneru, BS, Jing L. Han, MD, PhD, Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul, MA, Hope Uwase, MA, Tai Yi, MD, Christopher K. Breuer, MD, Ginny L. Bumgardner, MD, PhD

“…Alloprimed immune-cell subsets were evaluated for susceptibility to CD8+ TAb-supp cell–mediated in vitro cytotoxicity and/or suppression of intracellular cytokine expression. In vivo CD8-mediated cytotoxicity to wild-type germinal center (GC) B cells or wild-type CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) was assessed in RAG1 knockout mice. …”
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The search for a blood-based biomarker for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): from biochemistry to electrophysiology by Krista S. P. Clarke, Caroline C. Kingdon, Michael Pycraft Hughes, Eliana Mattos Lacerda, Rebecca Lewis, Emily J. Kruchek, Robert A. Dorey, Fatima H. Labeed

“…However, for clinical application, the specificity of these biomarkers to ME/CFS needs to be explored in more disease controls, and their practicality/logistics considered. Differences in cytokine profiles in ME/CFS are also well documented, but finding a consistent, stable, and replicable cytokine profile may not be possible. …”
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Targeting and editing the second exon of bmp6 gene results in a silver carp with reduced intramuscular bones by Shuang Niu, Xiaohui Li, Cui Feng, Zewen Zhang, Hang Sha, Xiangzhong Luo, Guiwei Zou, Hongwei Liang

“…DEGs identified only in CH-E2 group were significant enrichment in “osteoclast differentiation”, “NF-kappa B signaling pathway” and “cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions”, indicating a specificity unique to CH-E2 group. …”
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Blockade of IL-17A/IL-17R Pathway Protected Mice from Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Inhibition of Microglia Activation by Bo Ye, Tianzhu Tao, Andong Zhao, Liyuan Wen, Xiaofei He, Yi Liu, Qiang Fu, Weidong Mi, Jingsheng Lou

“…Pretreatment with anti-IL-17R ab suppressed the Iba-1 expression and cytokine production in microglia stimulated by IL-17A. …”
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100% oxygen mobilizes stem cells and up-regulates MIF and APRIL in humans: a new point on the hormetic dose curve by Kent J. MacLaughlin, Gregory P. Barton, Julia E. MacLaughlin, Jacob J. Lamers, Matthew D. Marcou, Matthew J. O’Brien, Rudolf K. Braun, Marlowe W. Eldridge

“…IntroductionThe aim of the current study was to test normobaric 100% oxygen (NBO) (PiO2 = 713 mmHg) for stem cell mobilization and cytokine modulation. Although current oxygen therapy (PiO2 = 1,473–2,233 mmHg) is well known to mobilize stem cells and modulate cytokine, little is known about NBO and its place on the low dose stimulation phase of the hormetic dose curve of oxygen. …”
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Systemic Resolvin E1 (RvE1) Treatment Does Not Ameliorate the Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) in Mice: A Randomized, Prospective, and Controlled Proof of Concept Study by Rafael Scaf de Molon, Rogier M. Thurlings, Birgitte Walgreen, Monique M. Helsen, Peter M. van der Kraan, Joni Augusto Cirelli, Marije I. Koenders

“…Treatment with different concentrations of RvE1 did not decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human RA synovial explants in the studied conditions. …”
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Autophagy in Inflammatory Diseases by Alexander J. S. Choi, Stefan W. Ryter

“…Macrophages deficient in autophagic proteins display enhanced caspase-1-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production and the activation of the inflammasome. …”
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Mediators of increased blood flow in porcine skin by H. D. Moore, F. M. Cunningham

“…Thus prostaglandin formation in HN or B.Cl-induced inflammation, if IL-1 dependent, is not associated with the loss of significant amounts of the cytokine from the epidermis.…”
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Interleukin-23 and Th17 Cells in the Control of Gut Inflammation by Ivan Monteleone, Francesco Pallone, Giovanni Monteleone

“…More recent studies have, however, shown that IBDs are also characterized by a sustained production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of Th cells, termed Th17 cells. …”
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FSH and TSH in the Regulation of Bone Mass: The Pituitary/Immune/Bone Axis by Graziana Colaianni, Concetta Cuscito, Silvia Colucci

“…In addition, we will focus on the knowledge that both FSH and TSH have influence on proinflammatory and proosteoclastogenic cytokine expression, such as TNFα and IL-1, underlining the correlation of pituitary-bone axis to the immune system.…”
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Regulation of Immune Function by Polyphenols by Sujuan Ding, Hongmei Jiang, Jun Fang

“…Nutrition may play an essential role in immunity by interfering with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, immune cell regulation, and gene expression. …”
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Reversing NK cell exhaustion: a novel strategy combining immune checkpoint blockade with drug sensitivity enhancement in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by Yuxiang Huang, Hengjian Liao, Jiefu Luo, Huaning Wei, Anling Li, Yujie Lu, Bangde Xiang

“…Natural killer cells (NK cells) play a key role in liver immunosurveillance, but in the tumor microenvironment, NK cells are readily depleted, as evidenced by down-regulation of activating receptors, reduced cytokine secretion, and attenuated killing function. …”
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Colorectal Polyposis and Immune-Based Therapies by Pearl Jacobson-Brown, Manuela G Neuman

“…The progression from precancerous (adenomatous) colon polyps to malignant colorectal cancer involves the complex actions of various cytokines on T cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, apoptosis and host immunity. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma by Oluwadunni E. Emiloju, Sorab Gupta, Vivian Arguello-Guerra, Claudia Dourado

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a result of an abnormal activation of immune cells (T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages) resulting in cytokine overproduction and immune destruction of cells, eventually resulting in multiorgan failure. …”
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Mortality Associated with Recurrent Extreme Hyperferritinemia in Critically Ill Adolescents by John Scott Baird

“…Systemic inflammation was characterized as cytokine storm syndrome in 2 patients and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in 2 patients. …”
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Biology of Inflammation in Crohn's Disease: Mechanisms of Action of Anti-TNF-αAlpha Therapy by Stephan R Targan

“…Corresponding in vitro investigation has shown that T helper 1 (Th1) -mediated cytokine production of interferon-gamma is downregulated in the involved mucosa to a level consistent with that seen in uninflamed mucosa. …”
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Induction of Immunological Tolerance by Oral Anti-CD3 by Andre Pires da Cunha, Howard L. Weiner

“…Orally delivered antibody does not have side effects including cytokine release syndromes, thus oral anti-CD3 antibody is clinically applicable for chronic therapy. …”
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Pathogenesis of Chronic Urticaria: An Overview by Sanjiv Jain

“…An increasing recognition of chronic urticaria as an immune mediated inflammatory disorder related to altered cytokine-chemokine network consequent to immune dysregulation resulting from disturbed innate immunity is emerging as yet another pathogenic explanation. …”
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