Exploring Azithromycin’s Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation by Mohannad A. Almikhlafi, Nehad A. Abdallah, Aakash Kumar, Tarun Sharma, Zuber Khan, Haifa A. Fadil, Sultan Althagfan, Ahmed K. B. Aljohani, Sara A. Almadani, Samar F. Miski, Tahani Saeedi, Rayan S. Alharbi, Abdulrahman M. Al-Harthe, Mohammed H. Alsubhi, Hanaa Wanas, Ahmed Aldhafiri, Sidharth Mehan, Hossein M. Elbadawy

“…Neurochemical analyses included oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, MDA, catalase), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2), mitochondrial complexes (complex I, II, III, IV, and V), and the transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-β) as a neurofilament marker. …”
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Gut Microbiota, Microinflammation, Metabolic Profile, and Zonulin Concentration in Obese and Normal Weight Subjects by Agnieszka Żak-Gołąb, Piotr Kocełak, Małgorzata Aptekorz, Maria Zientara, Łukasz Juszczyk, Gayane Martirosian, Jerzy Chudek, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz

“…The aim of the study is the assessment of plasma zonulin, haptoglobin and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) levels in relation to composition of gut microbiota in obese and normal weight subjects. …”
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CCL-2 and CXCL-8: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury after a Bothrops atrox Snakebite by Juliana Costa Ferreira Neves, Hiochelson Najibe Santos Ibiapina, Fábio Magalhães-Gama, Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett, Iran Mendonça Silva, Kerolaine Fonseca Coelho, Eliane Campos Alves, Andréa Monteiro Tarragô, Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira, Adriana Malheiro, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Allyson Guimarães Costa

“…B. atrox (BaV) venom can cause systemic pathophysiological changes such as acute kidney injury (AKI), which leads to the production of chemokines and cytokines in response to the envenomation. These soluble immunological molecules act by modulating the inflammatory response; however, the mechanisms associated with the development of AKI are still poorly understood. …”
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Metabolically activated and highly polyfunctional intratumoral VISTA+ regulatory B cells are associated with tumor recurrence in early-stage NSCLC by Domenico Lo Tartaro, Beatrice Aramini, Valentina Masciale, Nikolaos Paschalidis, Francesco Demetrio Lofaro, Anita Neroni, Rebecca Borella, Elena Santacroce, Alin Liviu Ciobanu, Anna Valeria Samarelli, Federica Boraldi, Daniela Quaglino, Alessandra Dubini, Michele Gaudio, Gloria Manzotti, Francesca Reggiani, Federica Torricelli, Alessia Ciarrocchi, Antonino Neri, Federica Bertolini, Massimo Dominici, Pier Luigi Filosso, Franco Stella, Lara Gibellini, Sara De Biasi, Andrea Cossarizza

“…VISTA+ Bregs displayed high metabolic demand and were able to produce different cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). …”
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Joint Group and Multi Institutional Position Opinion: Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy—From Fundamentals to Applied Tactics by Ivan Rankovic, Ivana Babic, Jelena Martinov Nestorov, Jelena Bogdanovic, Maja Stojanovic, Jovanka Trifunovic, Nikola Panic, Mihailo Bezmarevic, Jelena Jevtovic, Dusan Micic, Vladimir Dedovic, Nemanja Djuricic, Filip Pilipovic, Elena Curakova Ristovska, Tijana Glisic, Sanja Kostic, Nemanja Stojkovic, Nata Joksimovic, Mileva Bascarevic, Aleksandra Bozovic, Lewis Elvin, Ajibola Onifade, Keith Siau, Elizaveta Koriakovskaia, Vladimir Milivojevic

“…Autocrine and endocrine proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), as well as systemic endotoxemia stemming from impaired intestinal permeability, contribute to myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, which further compromise the contractility and relaxation of the heart. …”
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Alginate-based encapsulation of porcine placenta extract: Preparation, enteric sustained release, biological activities, and stability by Anukul Taweechaipaisankul, Nutthanit Thumrongsiri, Walailuk Chonniyom, Paweena Dana, Prattana Tanyapanyachon, Monthira Rattanatayarom, Wannapa Chinchoosak, Nattika Saengkrit

“…Moreover, the anti-inflammation effect was monitored via the reduction in the levels of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. The F2 microbeads maintained their protein quantities for >120 days at 25 °C. …”
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Dual Mechanisms of Action: Anti-Candida and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of <i>Lactobacillus</i> Fermentation Broth in Treating Vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Huann-Cheng Horng, Jin-Wei Xu, Yi-Shan Kuo, Yu-Sin Chen, Yu-Hsuan Chiu, Kuan-Hao Tsui, Yu-Tang Tung

“…Additionally, VAGINNE^® significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23) in vaginal tissues and systemic inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β) in plasma. …”
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Chikungunya virus infection in the skin: histopathology and cutaneous immunological response by Natália Gedeão Salomão, Natália Gedeão Salomão, Luciana Araújo, Luiz José de Souza, Anna Luiza Young, Carlos Basílio-de-Oliveira, Rodrigo Panno Basílio-de-Oliveira, Jorge José de Carvalho, Priscilla Conrado Guerra Nunes, Juliana Fernandes da Silva Amorim, Douglas Valiati dos Santos Barbosa, Marciano Viana Paes, Kíssila Rabelo, Kíssila Rabelo, Flavia Dos Santos

“…Since the skin is the first line of defense against CHIKV infection, in this study, we aimed to investigate the immunohistopathological aspects of the skin of infected individuals during the acute phase of the disease by performing histopathological and ultrastructural analysis, detection and quantification of the viral genome, detection of viral antigen and immune cells, and cytokines/chemokines’ characterization. The main histopathological findings were perivascular and inflammatory infiltrates, blood capillary ectasia, and interstitial edema. …”
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Acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on atherosclerosis, kynurenine pathway, endothelial function and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a clinical tr... by Eliete Bouskela, Gabriela Andrade Paz, Marcus VDS Rangel, Caio Luan Farias, André Luiz Conveniente Soares, Erica Langner, Tatiana Teixeira, Patrícia M L Dutra, Paulo Farinatti, Maria das Graças C Souza, Juliana P Borges

“…Levels of KP metabolites (TRP, KYN, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma), T-cell subpopulations and soluble adhesion molecules (soluble P-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) will be assessed via ELISA, flow cytometry and multiplex assays, respectively. …”
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Mechanism of dexmedetomidine protection against cisplatin induced acute kidney injury in rats by Zeng-lu Zheng, Jun-wei Ma, Yi Luo, Gui-jin Liang, Shi-jie Lei, Ke-jin Yan, Hai-bing Meng, Xiu-juan Liu

“…ELISA analyses demonstrated that Dex treatment reduced the upregulated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney tissue of AKI rats induced by CP, thereby alleviating kidney tissue injury. …”
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Heat-not-burn technology affects plasma testosterone levels and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress in the testes of rats by Silvia Granata, Camilla Morosini, Maria Chiara Valerii, Ivan Fagiolino, Stefano Sangiorgi, Severino Ghini, Enzo Spisni, Fabio Vivarelli, Lucy C. Fairclough, Moreno Paolini, Donatella Canistro

“…Furthermore, inactivation of key androgenic enzymes, such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, together with decreased testosterone synthesis suggest a potential impairment of male gonadal function.DiscussionThe results indicate that animals exposed to HnB smoke show higher levels of oxidative stress markers, including those associated with DNA damage, as well as higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The impairment of some androgenic key enzymes and those related to the activity of seminiferous epithelium, together with the decrease in testosterone levels, suggest an impairment of gonadal function through the alteration of some cellular pathways typically associated with tobacco consumption.…”
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Toll-Like Receptor-1 and Receptor-2 and Beta-Defensin in Postcholecystectomy Bile Duct Injury by Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz, José Manuel Hermosillo-Sandoval, Martha Arisbeth Villanueva-Pérez, Luis Miguel Román-Pintos, Trinidad García-Iglesias, Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez, Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz

“…The biliary cells participate in secreting cytokines and in expression of immune response receptors. …”
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Brain function abnormalities and inflammation in HIV-positive men who have sex with men with depressive disorders by Yang Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yihui He, Yihui He, Yuan Fang, Yuan Fang, Miaotian Cai, Guangqiang Sun, Guangqiang Sun, Rui Wang, Rui Wang, Jiaxin Zhen, Jiaxin Zhen, Yulin Zhang, Zhen Li, Zhen Li, Yundong Ma, Yundong Ma, Tong Zhang, Tong Zhang

“…Participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and assessments of peripheral blood. Peripheral blood cytokines, plasma concentrations of hormone and neurotrophic factors, and immune cell levels were determined using liquid chip, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. …”
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The Role of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 Signaling Pathway in Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma by Wei Liu, Hongmiao Ren, Jihao Ren, Tuanfang Yin, Bing Hu, Shumin Xie, Yinghuan Dai, Weijing Wu, Zian Xiao, Xinming Yang, Dinghua Xie

“…Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the most important cytokines which has been shown to play a critical role in cholesteatoma. …”
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The Differential Effects of Leukocyte-Containing and Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma on Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for the Clinical Treatment of Interv... by Jun Jia, Shan-zheng Wang, Liang-yu Ma, Jia-bin Yu, Yu-dong Guo, Chen Wang

“…NPMSCs isolated from rabbit NP tissues were treated with L-PRP or P-PRP in vitro, and then cell proliferation and expression of stem cell markers, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), production of ECM (extracellular matrix-related protein), and NF-κB p65 protein were validated by CCK-8 assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot respectively. …”
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Impact of antibody architecture and paratope valency on effector functions of bispecific NKp30 x EGFR natural killer cell engagers by Ammelie Svea Boje, Lukas Pekar, Katharina Koep, Britta Lipinski, Brian Rabinovich, Andreas Evers, Carina Lynn Gehlert, Steffen Krohn, Yanping Xiao, Simon Krah, Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Lars Toleikis, Sven Poetzsch, Matthias Peipp, Stefan Zielonka, Katja Klausz

“…However, the fusion of sdAbs can have a slight impact on the NK cell release of immunomodulatory cytokines, as well as on the pharmacokinetic profile of the NKCE due to unfavorable spatial orientation within the molecule architecture. …”
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Exploring DNA methylation, telomere length, mitochondrial DNA, and immune function in patients with Long-COVID by Andrea Polli, Lode Godderis, Dries S. Martens, Madhura Shekhar Patil, Jolien Hendrix, Arne Wyns, Jente Van Campenhout, Emma Richter, Lara Fanning, Olivia Vandekerckhove, Eveline Claeys, Wim Janssens, Natalie Lorent

“…We performed a comprehensive clinical assessment (including questionnaires and the 6-min walking test) and biological measures (global DNA methylation, telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, inflammatory cytokines, and serological markers such as C-reactive protein, D-dimer, troponin T). …”
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A broad spectrum Shigella vaccine based on VirG53 – 353 multiepitope region produced in a cell-free system by Girmay Desalegn, Charlotte Abrahamson, K. Ross Turbyfill, Lucy Pill-Pepe, Leslie Bautista, Chitradevi S. Tamilselvi, Dylan Dunn, Neeraj Kapoor, Barbara Sullinger, Matheo Herrera, Edwin V. Oaks, Jeff Fairman, Marcela F. Pasetti

“…VirG53 – 353 evoked the production of Th2-type cytokines by spleen cells from vaccinated mice. A new universal Shigella vaccine based on VirG53 – 353 meets the World Health Organization’s preferred product specifications. …”
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The Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and the Role of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of Infections by Mohamed, Moubarak, Keneth Iceland, Kasozi, Helal F., Hetta, Hazem M., Shaheen, Abdur, Rauf, Hayder M., Al-kuraishy, Safaa, Qusti, Eida M., Alshammari, Emmanuel Tiyo, Ayikobua, Fred, Ssempijja, Adam Moyosore, Afodun, Ritah, Kenganzi, Ibe Michael, Usman, Juma John, Ochieng, Lawrence Obado, Osuwat, Kevin, Matama, Ali I., Al-Gareeb, Emmanuel, Kairania, Monica, Musenero, Susan, Christina Welburn, Gaber, El-Saber Batiha

“…Convalescent plasma is rich with cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-8), CCL2, and TNFα, neutralizing antibodies, and clotting factors essential for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. …”
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Exploiting gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis for enhanced antimicrobial activity of phage endolysin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Dorota Kuc-Ciepluch, Karol Ciepluch, Daria Augustyniak, Grzegorz Guła, Barbara Maciejewska, Artur Kowalik, Ewelina Jop, Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa, Michał Arabski

“…ABSTRACT Pyroptosis is an inflammatory immune response of eukaryotic cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathological stimuli, leading to the activation of the gasdermin D (GSDMD) and secretion of pore-forming domain GSDMDNterm, facilitating the release of cytokines. Additionally, GSDMDNterm exhibits antibacterial properties through interactions with bacterial outer membranes (OM). …”
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