Infiltrating peripheral monocyte TREM-1 mediates dopaminergic neuron injury in substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease model mice by Wei Song, Zi-ming Zhou, Le-le Zhang, Hai-feng Shu, Jin-ru Xia, Xia Qin, Rong Hua, Yong-mei Zhang

“…These infiltrating monocytes increase the release of inflammatory cytokines and eventually cause neuronal injury. TREM-1 gene deletion and pharmacological blockade limit inflammatory monocyte recruitment into the SNpc and ameliorate neuroinflammatory events and the loss of dopaminergic neurons.…”
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Changes of Cell Adhesion Molecules and T Cell Subset Populations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Intravenous Administration of Cytarabine Supplemented with Idarubicin by Jinhua Piao, Didi Wang, Siying Pei, Tangdong Ge, Jing Li, Pengxia Zhang

“…The present study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of cytarabine supplemented with idarubicin in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing first attack and its effects on serum levels of cell adhesion molecules, cytokines in response to inflammation, and T cell subset populations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing first attack. …”
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Reduction of depressive symptoms among patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with biological therapy: a quantitative comparative incision study by J. Zinkevičiūtė, S. Ambrasas, A. Kiziela, R. Strumila, S. Brašiškienė, E. Dlugauskas

“…Previous studies suggest that one of the possible reasons of depression is the autoimmune inflammation that causes increased interleukin and cytokines levels and thus affects the mood and well-being. …”
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A Review on Bioactive Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Aegiceras corniculatum: A Pharmaceutically Important Mangrove Plant by Pritam Sarkar, Tasfiya Rufaidah Ahnaf, Razina Rouf, Jamil Ahmad Shilpi, Shaikh Jamal Uddin

“…The data revealed that anti-inflammatory compounds from this plant suppress iNOS, myeloperoxidase, COX, LOX, and cytokines (like TNF-alpha, IL-1ß, LTB4, IL-12, and IL-6) to reduce inflammation. 5-O-Butyl-embelin, 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxy-3-nonyl1, 4-benzoquinone, 5-O-methylembelin, 5-O-methyl-rapanone, s-saponin, and 5-O-ethylembelin are some phytochemicals of A. corniculatum with anticancer properties, although their mechanism is unclear. …”
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Intestinal Permeability Measured by Urinary Sucrose Excretion Correlates with Serum Zonulin and Faecal Calprotectin Concentrations in UC Patients in Remission by C. A. M. Wegh, N. M. de Roos, R. Hovenier, J. Meijerink, I. Besseling-van der Vaart, S. van Hemert, B. J. M. Witteman

“…Likewise, the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), calprotectin, and the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 were not significantly affected. …”
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Peptidoglycan-Like Components in Z-100, Extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain Aoyama B, Increase IL-12p40 via NOD2 by Takayuki Horii, Yuki Orikawa, Yuta Ohira, Runa Eta, Uiko Tominaga, Takanori Sato, Takao Tanaka

“…Z-100 induced the production of immunomodulatory cytokines from various types of macrophages and specifically increased IL-12p40 production through peptidoglycan-like components via NOD2.…”
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The Mechanism of Acupuncture Therapy for Migraine: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies on Rats by An Y, Zhang J, Ren Q, Liu J, Liu Z, Cao K

“…It also reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines, thereby mitigating neurogenic inflammation and improving central sensitization.Conclusion: Acupuncture exerts its therapeutic effect on migraine by regulating neurotransmitter release, inhibiting inflammatory responses, modulating central analgesic mechanisms, and suppressing glial cell activation. …”
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Ocular TGF-β, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and TIMP-1 Increase with the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lucia Saucedo, Isabel B. Pfister, Souska Zandi, Christin Gerhardt, Justus G. Garweg

“…In conclusion, increased concentrations of TGF-β1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in the AH, but not in the serum, in advanced NPDR/PDR indicate that the intraocular regulation for these cytokines is independent of the systemic one and suggest their involvement in the progression of DR.…”
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Lower circulating mitochondrial DNA and increased mitokines suggest significant mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement by Camillo Ribi, Kristina Sundquist, Matthieu Halfon, Manuel Pascual, Ashfaque A Memon, Anna Hedelius

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in SLE and may be assessed by measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and cytokines reflecting mitochondrial stress (mitokines). …”
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The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? by Daniel S. Smyk, Athanasios Mavropoulos, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Diego Vergani, Marco Lenzi, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos

“…CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. …”
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Effect of cubebin against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats via inhibition TNF-α/NF-κB/TGF-β: in vivo and in silico study by Rahamat Unissa Syed, Sivakumar S. Moni, Weiam Hussein, Taghreed Mohammad Saad Alhaidan, Sondos Mohammed Y. Abumilha, Lama Khalid Alnahdi, Ling Shing Wong, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Vinoth Kumarasamy

“…Biochemical parameters such as glucose levels, kidney parameters, lipid profile, oxidative stress, endogenous antioxidant markers, inflammatory cytokines and histopathology were performed. Molecular docking [(PDB ID: TNF-α (7JRA), NF-κB (1SVC), TGF-β1 (3TZM)] and dynamic simulation (MDS) were also performed with the selected target. …”
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Optimizing therapeutic outcomes: preconditioning strategies for MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by Yuqi Song, Fengrui Liang, Weikun Tian, Erin Rayhill, Liping Ye, Xinghan Tian

“…This review highlights the therapeutic promise of MSC-exosomes especially focusing on the modulation of miRNA (one of bioactive molecules in MSC-EVs) profiles through various preconditioning strategies such as exposure to hypoxia, chemotherapeutic agents, inflammatory cytokines, and physical stimuli. Such conditioning is shown to optimize their therapeutic potential. …”
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A multi-strain human skin microbiome model provides a testbed for disease modeling by Angela L. Maloney, Tyler Crawford, Jordan Hurlbut, Monica Martinez, Thomas J. Mulhern, Elizabeth L. Wiellette, Else M. Vedula, Vidhya Vijayakumar

“…A remarkable feature of this model is the persistence of Cutibacterium acnes in an aerobic tissue culture environment, since C. acnes growth is typically demonstrated under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that the skin tissue model is conducive to more natural growth states of native skin strains. The addition of cytokines representative of atopic dermatitis elicited a marked decrease in tissue barrier by day 7 compared to healthy controls, irrespective of the microbiome presence. …”
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Synthesis and protective effect of pyrazole conjugated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in sepsis rats via attenuation of NF-κB, oxidative stress, and a... by Zang Binbin, Wang Lihui

“…It substantially reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1B, IL-6) and oxidative stress (MPO, MDA, SOD). …”
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Delta-opioid receptor signaling alleviates neuropathology and cognitive impairment in the mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating microglia homeostasis and inhibiting HMGB... by Yuan Xu, Naiyuan Shao, Feng Zhi, Ronghua Chen, Yilin Yang, Jiahui Li, Ying Xia, Ya Peng

“…DOR and MOR also differentially modulated microglia in APP/PS1 mice and in vitro AD cell model with a DOR-mediated inhibition on the excessive activation of microglia and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AD pathologies. Gene expression profiling further revealed that the alternations in DOR/MOR are closely associated with microglial homeostatic signatures and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in AD. …”
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Use of Multiple Doses of Intravenous Infusion of Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Severe COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress S... by Po-Ren Hsueh, Sung-Jung Ho, Po-Chuen Hsieh, I-Min Liu, Shio-Shin Jean

“…The intravenous infusion (IVF) of umbilical cord- (UC-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), validated to substantially reduce the release of several inflammatory cytokines in vivo, was also shown to exhibit benefits in improving hypoxemia among severe COVID-19 patients. …”
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Protective effects of apigenin in neurodegeneration: An update on the potential mechanisms by Ali Mohammadkhanizadeh, Mohammad Sheibani, Soroush Taherkhani, Davood Nourabadi, Seyed Mahdi Mohamadi-Zarch, Farnaz Nikbakht, Yaser Azizi

“…Apigenin has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, which are elevated in neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Benign regulation of short-chain fatty acids: the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of manual acupuncture on cognitive ability and the intestinal mucosal barrier in AP... by Ning Ding, Xin Hao, Yue Zhang, Yanxiang Zhang, Zhigang Li

“…Alterations in spatial learning and memory, intestinal barrier function, SCFAs in feces and serum, the expression of FFAR3 and NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in each group.ResultsCompared with those in the C57BL/6 control (Cc) group, cognitive ability was significantly decreased, SCFAs and FFAR3 expression were obviously decreased, intestinal barrier integrity was drastically impaired, and the expression of NF-κB and the levels of intestinal IL-1β and TNF-α were increased in the APP/PS1 control (Ac) group. …”
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Effect of High-Fat Diet on Spatial Learning and Memory and Regulatory Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Dentate Gyrus by LIU Huaying, DONG Wei, ZHANG Zihan, LI Yingshun, JIN Qinghua

“…The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory capacity of the rats; Western blot was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) and cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); the expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) in the DG were observed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. …”
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Delayed-release prednisone improves fatigue and health-related quality of life: findings from the CAPRA-2 double-blind randomised study in rheumatoid arthritis by Frank Buttgereit, Rieke Alten, Amy Grahn, Robert J Holt, Patricia Rice

“…Delayed-release (DR) prednisone is designed for evening administration (approximately 22:00) and releases 4 h later to coincide with the rise of nocturnal inflammatory cytokines associated with development of morning stiffness. …”
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