Investigating the role of hyperexpressed HCN1 in inducing myocardial infarction through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by Liang Xiao, Zhang Jie, Luo Ya

“…In conclusion, PDTC provided protection against HCN1-induced cardiomyocyte injury, potentially by modulating inflammatory cytokines and regulating the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.…”
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Signal Factors Secreted by 2D and Spheroid Mesenchymal Stem Cells and by Cocultures of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Microvesicles and Retinal Photoreceptor Neurons by Lili Xie, Mao Mao, Liang Zhou, Lusi Zhang, Bing Jiang

“…Moreover, compared to 2D-MSCs, levels of 11 cytokines and IL-2Rα were significantly increased in conditioned medium from spheroid MSCs. …”
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Microbiota, Prostatitis, and Fertility: Bacterial Diversity as a Possible Health Ally by Jenniffer Puerta Suárez, Walter D. Cardona Maya

“…Seminal quality, nitric oxide levels, and seminal and serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines were quantified. Results. Fertile men present a greater variety of operational taxonomical units-OTUs in semen (67.5%) and urine (17.6%) samples than chronic prostatitis symptoms men. …”
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Evaluating the role of inflammatory biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in peri-implantitis by Ayan Saxena, Pavitra Kumar Rastogi, Nand Lal, Umesh Pratap Verma, Rameshwari Singhal, Md. Kaleem Ahmad

“…Background: Most studies have analyzed the presence of cytokines in Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in different periodontal diseases, but very limited studies have been conducted on Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in peri-implantitis. …”
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Structure, Immune and Anti-aging Activities of Capsular Polysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum W1 by Yongjiao GAO, Kun WANG, Jing ZHAO, Feng ZUO

“…Furthermore, CPS had been found to enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, as well as promote the secretion of NO and cytokines, thereby exerting an immunomodulatory effect. …”
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Impact of glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG) and oxidation and phosphorylation uncoupler (2,4-DNP) on brain metabolites by O. B. Shevelev, M. P. Moshkin

“…A deficiency of available energy for brain cells under neurodegenerative diseases is either developed due to age-dependent underexpression of genes that encode glycolytic enzymes or induced due to the uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation that could be mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Since the activity of many enzymes is under the control of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), energy deficiency can cause metabolic changes in brain tissue. …”
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Propofol Ameliorates Microglia Activation by Targeting MicroRNA-221/222-IRF2 Axis by Xi Xiao, Yuanyuan Hou, Wei Yu, Sihua Qi

“…Real-time qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting were used to identify the expression pattern of miR-221/222, inflammatory genes, cytokines, and IRF2. The biological roles and mechanisms of propofol in microglia activation were determined in BV2 cells and primary microglia. …”
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Callus Formation in Fractured Femur of Rats Treated with Injection of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium by Marla Anggita, Widagdo Sri Nugroho, Yuda Heru Fibrianto, Setyo Budhi, Teguh Budipitojo

“…Mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is the extraction from stem cell medium containing biological substances, including growth factors and cytokines. These substances play roles in the various functions of body regulatory, including bone formation. …”
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediate Clinically Unpromising but Favourable Immune Responses in Kidney Transplant Patients by Urvashi Kaundal, Raja Ramachandran, Amit Arora, Deepesh B. Kenwar, Ratti Ram Sharma, Ritambhra Nada, Mukut Minz, Vivekanand Jha, Aruna Rakha

“…Patients were followed up for 2 years, and 29 immunologically relevant lymphocyte subsets and 8 cytokines and important biomarkers were analysed at all time points. …”
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Toll-like receptor 4 pathway evolutionary trajectory and functional emergence by Shailya Verma, Ramanathan Sowdhamini, Ramanathan Sowdhamini, Ramanathan Sowdhamini

“…IntroductionToll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacteria as their conventional ligands and undergo downstream signaling to produce cytokines. They mediate the signaling either by the TIRAP-MyD88 complex or by the TRAM-TRIF complex. …”
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Therapeutic Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Parkinson’s Disease via Antineuroinflammation and Neuroprotection In Vitro and In Vivo by Chien-Wei Feng, Nan-Fu Chen, Te-Fu Chan, Wu-Fu Chen

“…It could significantly attenuate the interferon-gamma-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). …”
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Molecularly Distinct NLRP3 Inducers Mediate Diverse Ratios of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-18 from Human Monocytes by Kristine Midtbö, Daniel Eklund, Eva Särndahl, Alexander Persson

“…While IL-1β has served as the prototypic indicator of inflammasome activation, few studies have compared the potential differences in IL-1β and IL-18 production during inflammasome activation. Since these cytokines partake in different immune pathways, the involvement of inflammasome activity in different conditions needs to be described beyond IL-1β production alone. …”
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Investigation of the association between circulating inflammatory proteins and encephalitis risk in Europeans by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis by Yanwei Liu, Xilong Wang, Qiang Zhao, Jun Wei, Shiqiang Yang

“…BackgroundCytokines are powerful immune response factors that operate at inflammation sites and are also found in the blood. …”
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Genes of Inflammation and Placental Function GWAS Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage in the Kazakh Population by Alexandra Murtazaliyeva, Gulnara Svyatova, Galina Berezina, Gulfairuz Urazbayeva, Aigerim Sadyrbekova

“…Aims: The aim of the study is to study the relationship between gene polymorphisms of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines – interferon-gamma (T874A), interleukin (IL1B) (C3954T), IL6 (G572C) and IL10 (G1082A); placental function, apoptosis and angiogenesis – apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) (G5163C), kinase insert domain receptor (A1719T, G1192A), P53 (Arg72Pro) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (C1697G) with the development of idiopathic RM (iRM) in the Kazakh population. …”
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Algorithm of management of patient with alcohol-induced liver disease by M. V. Mayevskaya, M. A. Morozova

“…Pathogenesis of ALD is based on direct toxic operation action of ethanol on one hand and on endotoxemia and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, on another hand. Based on knowledge of liver damage mechanisms, prognosis of disease and its proper treatment are possible.…”
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Integrative analysis of Ewing’s sarcoma reveals that the MIF-CD74 axis is a target for immunotherapy by Fangzhou He, Jiuhui Xu, Fanwei Zeng, Boyang Wang, Yi Yang, Jie Xu, Xin Sun, Tingting Ren, Xiaodong Tang

“…A comparative analysis of paired samples revealed that in tumors with a good chemotherapeutic response, macrophages presented increased antigen presentation and reduced release of protumor cytokines, whereas CD8+ T cells presented increased cytotoxicity and reduced exhaustion. …”
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CD226 Deficiency Alleviates Murine Allergic Rhinitis by Suppressing Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses by Yang Xie, Yuan Zhang, Tianxiao Zhu, Jingchang Ma, Chujun Duan, Lu Yang, Tingting Wang, Ran Zhuang, Ka Bian, Lianjun Lu

“…Eosinophil recruitment, goblet cell proliferation, and Th2-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced, which resulted in the alleviation of allergic and inflammatory responses. …”
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Electroacupuncture Regulates Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate the Neuropathic Pain Induced by Spared Nerve Injury by Shi G, Hao X, Tu JF, Chen W, Fu Y, Ma X, Liu C, Li H

“…Immunofluorescence analyses were further performed to detect the effects of EA on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and peripheral macrophage polarization.Results: EA attenuated pain behavior (P=0.002) and decreased inflammatory cytokines derived from macrophages (P=0.002 in the sciatic nerve; P=0.002 in the dorsal root ganglion, DRG) but not in Schwann (P> 0.05) or mast (P> 0.05) cells in SNI rats. …”
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Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses by Irem Ozel, Ilgin Akkaya, Ece Oylumlu, Goksu Uzel, Ceren Ciraci

“…Furthermore, cocultures of NLRP11-expressing Burkitt’s lymphoma cells and naïve human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes had reduced IFN-γ and IL-17A production, whereas IL-13 and IL-10 cytokines did not change. Interestingly, IFN-γ and IL-17A were recovered after transfection of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells with siRNAs targeting NLRP11. …”
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Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner by Taryn E. Murray, Tyler J. Wenzel, Svetlana Simtchouk, Bridget K. Greuel, Julien Gibon, Andis Klegeris

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CL (1) modulates the secretion of cytokines and cytotoxins by astrocytes, as well as their phagocytic activity, and (2) acts by interacting with astrocyte TLR 4. …”
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