RNF128 deficiency in macrophages promotes colonic inflammation by suppressing the autophagic degradation of S100A8 by Xianwen Ran, Yue Li, Yahui Ren, Weilong Chang, Rui Deng, Huifen Wang, Weiwei Zhu, Yize Zhang, Yudie Cai, Jia Hu, Di Wang, Zhibo Liu

“…RNF128 deficiency leads to elevated levels of effector cytokines in vitro and accelerates the progression of IBD in mouse models. …”
Get full text

HCV and Lymphoproliferation by Anna Linda Zignego, Carlo Giannini, Laura Gragnani

“…These hypotheses have variously emphasized the important role played by sustained stimulation of the immune system by HCV, infection of the lymphatic cells, viral proteins, chromosomal aberrations, cytokines, or microRNA molecules. In this paper we describe the main hypotheses that have been proposed with the corresponding principal supporting data.…”
Get full text

Emerging Role of PPAR-β/δ in Inflammatory Process Associated to Experimental Periodontitis by Rosanna Di Paola, Francesco Briguglio, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Mazzon, Giacomo Oteri, David Militi, Giancarlo Cordasco, Salvatore Cuzzocrea

“…One the eighth day after placement of the ligature, we evaluated (1) NF-κB expression, (2) cytokines expression, (3) iNOS expression, (5) the nitration of tyrosine, (6) apoptosis, and (8) the degree of gingivomucosal tissues injury. …”
Get full text

Mechanism of action of 5-arninosalicylic acid by N. A. Punchard, S. M. Greenfield, R. P. H. Thompson

“…Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for 5-ASA and SASP including interference in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and leukotrienes, scavenging,of reactive oxygen species, effects on leucocyte function and production of cytokines. However, it is unlikely that the anti-inflammatory properties of SASP and 5-ASA are due to several different properties but more likely that a single property of 5-ASA explains the theraapeutic effects of 5-ASA and SASP. …”
Get full text

Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease by Linyu Wu, Xiaohui Xian, Guangyu Xu, Zixuan Tan, Fang Dong, Min Zhang, Feng Zhang

“…Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. …”
Get full text

Guanylate-Binding Protein 1 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Shi Bai, Tao Chen, Xia Deng

“…Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are capable of migrating to sites of injury and inflammation in response to various cytokines to improve tissue repair. Previous studies have shown interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) promoted migration of the V54/2 cell line and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. …”
Get full text

Advances in T Helper 17 Cell Biology: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis by Elisabetta Volpe, Luca Battistini, Giovanna Borsellino

“…Over the past years, several important aspects concerning Th17 cells have been elucidated, such as the factors which promote or inhibit their differentiation and the effector cytokines which mediate their responses. The identification of the features endowing Th17 cells with high pathogenicity in MS is of particular interest, and discoveries in Th17 cell biology and function could lead to the design of new strategies aimed at modulating the immune response in MS. …”
Get full text

Faecalibacterium longum alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and protects the intestinal epithelial barrier in mice by Haoyu Wang, Shengnan Yu, Kunyi Zhao, Tongyuan Hu, Zhinan Wu, Hewei Liang, Xiaoqian Lin, Luwen Cui, Jingtong Yao, Xiaomin Liu, Xin Tong, Ningning He, Liang Xiao, Karsten Kristiansen, Shangyong Li, Yuanqiang Zou

“…Supplementation with F. longum CM04–06 reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver, colon, and circulation. F. longum CM04–06 protected the intestinal epithelial barrier increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. …”
Get full text

Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharides alleviates liver injury by beneficial regulation of gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-induced mice by Yuzhen Hong, Mingyue Shen, Lixin Huang, Ting Wu, Jianhua Xie

“…The release of inflammatory cytokines in liver and the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum were decreased, and the level of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon was increased after MP administration. …”
Get full text

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: From Bench to Bedside by Stavros N. Moysidis, Aristomenis Thanos, Demetrios G. Vavvas

“…Several models of the pathogenesis of this disease have been described with some of these models focusing on the role of inflammatory cells and other models focusing on the role of growth factors and cytokines in the vitreous which come into contact with intraretinal and retinal pigment epithelial cells. …”
Get full text

cGAS/STING signaling pathway in gynecological malignancies: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic values by Danyang Zhang, Bingxue Zhang

“…The cGAS/STING signaling pathway, a pivotal mechanism in innate immunity, detects cytosolic DNA from pathogens or cellular damage, triggering immune responses via type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. This pathway’s dual role in gynecological cancers, either promoting antitumor immunity or facilitating tumor immune evasion, makes it a compelling target for innovative therapies. …”
Get full text

Microbiome in development of esophageal diseases by Yu. V. Yevsyutina, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Toll-like receptors, cytokines, nuclear factor κB, cyclooxygenase-2 can be potential mediators of inflammation and carcinogenesis which expression can be modified by microbiome spectrum. …”
Get full text

Natural Compounds as Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Production by József Tőzsér, Szilvia Benkő

“…IL-1β is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines that regulates a broad range of immune responses and also participates in several physiological processes. …”
Get full text

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia: Where Do We Stand? by Ivana Mikolasevic, Tajana Pavic, Tajana Filipec Kanizaj, Darija Vranesic Bender, Viktor Domislovic, Zeljko Krznaric

“…Crucial mechanisms involved in sarcopenia-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) interplay are based on effects of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and crosstalk between organs by secretion of cytokines (hepatokines, adipokines, and myokines). …”
Get full text

NK cells modulate in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage. by Harikrishnan Balachandran, Kyle Kroll, Karen Terry, Cordelia Manickam, Rhianna Jones, Griffin Woolley, Tammy Hayes, Amanda J Martinot, Ankur Sharma, Mark Lewis, Stephanie Jost, R Keith Reeves

“…Strikingly, we report that experimental NK cell depletion leads to higher VL, longer duration of viral shedding, significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and overt lung damage. Overall, we find the first significant and conclusive evidence for NK cell-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and disease pathology. …”
Get full text

The Impact of Farnesoid X Receptor Activation on Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Maja Stojancevic, Karmen Stankov, Momir Mikov

“…Activation of FXR in the intestinal tract decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1-beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, thus contributing to a reduction in inflammation and epithelial permeability. …”
Get full text

Transcriptional Regulatory Network for the Development of Innate Lymphoid Cells by Chao Zhong, Jinfang Zhu

“…With this combination, helper-like ILCs are capable of initiating early immune responses similar to cNK cells, but via secretion of a set of effector cytokines similar to those produced by Th cells. Although many studies have revealed the functional similarity between helper-like ILCs and Th cells, some aspects of ILCs including the development of this lineage remain elusive. …”
Get full text

MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES by Maitham Abdallah Albajy, Dan Florin Mihailescu

“…The pathophysiology of T2DM is characterized by a combination of insufficient insulin production and reduced responsiveness to insulin, both of which are associated with the presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream and elevated levels of fatty acids. …”
Get full text

A Hypothesis Concerning a Potential Involvement of Ceramide in Apoptosis and Acantholysis Induced by Pemphigus Autoantibodies by Wendy B. Bollag

“…Our hypothesis is that: (1) the autoantibodies generate pathology through an alteration in ceramide metabolism in targeted keratinocytes, resulting in apoptosis and/or cell death and acantholysis, but only when the cell's ability to metabolize ceramide is exceeded, and (2) apoptosis in response to this altered ceramide metabolism is initiated and/or exacerbated by other agents that increase ceramide levels, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, and senescence.…”
Get full text

Role of Inflammation in Muscle Homeostasis and Myogenesis by Domiziana Costamagna, Paola Costelli, Maurilio Sampaolesi, Fabio Penna

“…Muscle wasting, characteristic of several pathological states associated with local or systemic inflammation, has been for long considered to rely on the alteration of myofiber intracellular pathways regulated by both hormones and cytokines, eventually leading to impaired anabolism and increased protein breakdown. …”
Get full text