Lagrangians, Gauge Functions, and Lie Groups for Semigroup of Second-Order Differential Equations by Z. E. Musielak, N. Davachi, M. Rosario-Franco

“…A set of linear second-order differential equations is converted into a semigroup, whose algebraic structure is used to generate novel equations. …”
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Approximate Controllability of Semilinear Control System Using Tikhonov Regularization by Ravinder Katta, N. Sukavanam

“…For an approximately controllable semilinear system, the problem of computing control for a given target state is converted into an equivalent problem of solving operator equation which is ill-posed. …”
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Farmers’ preferences toward organic certification scheme: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Northern Vietnam by Kene Boun My, Huy Nguyen-Quang, Phu Nguyen-Van, Thi Kim Cuong Pham, Anne Stenger, Tuyen Tiet, Nguyen To-The

“…Finally, neighborhood cooperatives and formal leaders’ participation in organic certification could encourage farmers to convert to organic agriculture.…”
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A Global Optimization Algorithm for Signomial Geometric Programming Problem by Xue-Ping Hou, Pei-Ping Shen, Yong-Qiang Chen

“…In the algorithm, by the straight forward algebraic manipulation of terms and by utilizing a transformation of variables, the initial nonconvex programming problem (SGP) is first converted into an equivalent monotonic optimization problem and then is reduced to a sequence of linear programming problems, based on the linearizing technique. …”
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Le Saint-Siège et les élites en Extrême-Orient : la création des universités catholiques de Pékin et de Tokyo, Fu-jen et Sophia (1908-1936) by Olivier Sibre

“…The foundation of the universities Furen in Beijing and Sophia in Tokyo expresses the will of the Holy See to convert the elites of the westernized Far East, and to give to these institutions a real universal dimension, catholic, in front of the tensions between the missionary institutes and congregations, but also in front of the cultural et political strategies of the great powers towards the Christians missions. …”
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Spectrum allocation of cognitive wireless network based on immune clone selection optimization by CHAI Zheng-yi1, LIU Fang1

“…The spectrum sensing process was described based on WRAN.By analyzing physical connection of cognitive wireless network,the mathematical model of spectrum allocation was given,and then it was converted into a constrained optimization problem,whose goal was to maximum the profit of network.An immune clone selection algorithm was proposed to solve the problem,and the algorithm convergent with probability 1 was proved.Finally,the simulation experiments were done to test the algorithm.The results showed that compared with CSGC algorithm（color-sensitive graph coloring） and GA-SA（spectrum allocation based on genetic algorithm）,this algorithm could achieve maximization of network profits.Meanwhile,the system simulation results based on WRAN confirmed its effectiveness.…”
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Toward characterizing solutions to complex programming problems involving fuzzy parameters in constraints by Hamiden Khalifa, Dragan Pamučar, Seyyed Edalatpanah

“…Using the cut set concepts, the problem is converted into the complex programming. A number of basic theorems with proofs are established concerning the basic results for the fuzzy complex set of solutions for the F-CPP, and the optimality criteria of the saddle point for F-CPP with fuzzy cones is derived.…”
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Internet of Things Technology for an Autonomous Photovoltaic Solar Energy System Monitoring by Mimouni Abdelmalek, Chahet Youssef, El Amrani Aumeur, El Amraoui Mohamed, Bejjit Lahcen

“…Furthermore, it proposes a low-cost monitoring system designed to monitor a PV system consisting of a PV module, a DC-DC boost converter, and a load.…”
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ESP32 charging system prototype for EV: Design and implementation using wireless energy transmission by Sallem Amin, Souissi Zied, Nasri Mohamed Aziz, Benhala Bachir, Masmoudi Nouri

“…Batteries, transformers, solar panels, copper coils, regulator circuits, ESP32 controllers, AC / DC converters are among the prototype design components.…”
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The Fuel System Modification To Strengthen Achievement And The Prospect Of Utilizing Gasoline Ethanol Blended With Water Injection by Wawan Purwanto, Tung-Kwan Liu, Hasan Maksum, Ahmad Arif, Muhammad Yasep Setiawan, Muhammad Nasir

“…The results show that converting a conventional carburetor to EFI and additional water injection increases engine performance, mileage, and reduces exhaust emissions. …”
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La frontière : contrainte ou ressource pour l’individu ? Le « pari romantique » des pionniers de la Société des missions évangéliques de Paris, de « l’humanisation » à « l’humanita... by Laurence Espinosa

“…The adventure of the pioneers envisaged as romantic, the politic role and the figure of paramount chief Moshoeshoe, and the symbolic dimension of named, converted persons, were favourite approaches to describe these variations as tangles, overtaking, bypass, or diversions. …”
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Solving Constrained Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem through Multistage Fuzzy Binding Approach with Fuzzy Due Dates by Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa, Sultan S. Alodhaibi, Pavan Kumar

“…This paper deals with constrained multistage machines flow-shop (FS) scheduling model in which processing times, job weights, and break-down machine time are characterized by fuzzy numbers that are piecewise as well as quadratic in nature. Avoiding to convert the model into its crisp, the closed interval approximation for the piecewise quadratic fuzzy numbers is incorporated. …”
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Research on Calculation Method of Meshing Stiffness of Straight Bevel Gear by Siyu Chen, Rulong Tan, Xiaodong Guo

“…Aiming at the calculation problem of straight bevel gear meshing stiffness， to convert the tooth to tooth width of midpoint equivalent straight tooth cylindrical gear， then the equivalent of the gear tooth is simplified to the cantilever beam on the dedendum circle， through the energy method， the single tooth meshing stiffness is calculated the analyzed. …”
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Qualitative Analyses of Fractional Integrodifferential Equations with a Variable Order under the Mittag-Leffler Power Law by Mdi Begum Jeelani, Abeer S. Alnahdi, Mohammed A. Almalahi, Mohammed S. Abdo, Hanan A. Wahash, Nadiyah Hussain Alharthi

“…This research paper intends to study some qualitative analyses for a nonlinear fractional integrodifferential equation with a variable order in the frame of a Mittag-Leffler power law. At first, we convert the considered problem of variable order into an equivalent standard problem of constant order using generalized intervals and piecewise constant functions. …”
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Image defogging algorithm based on guided filtering and adaptive tolerance by Xianli JIN, Wei ZHANG, Linfeng LIU

“…Aiming at the problem of distortion of dark channel algorithm in defogging the sky region,an improved image defogging algorithm based on the guided filtering and adaptive tolerance mechanism was proposed.Firstly,the fitted transmissivity graphs were calculated for the windows with different sizes.Then,the transmissivity was further refined by the guided filtering technique.After that,the transmissivity in sky area was revised by an adaptive tolerance mechanism.Finally,the restored image was converted from RGB space to HSV space,and thus the brightness and contrast of the images could be color compensated.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm restores the images effectively and obtain preferable defogging results with regard to the processing of bright areas such as the sky areas.…”
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New Exact Solutions of Burgers’ Equation Using Power Index Method by Khalil Ahmad, Khudija Bibi

“…In this method, we choose suitable indexes of independent variables and similarity transformation so that the partial differential equation may be converted into ODE. We have obtained analytic solution of the ODE by using symbolic package Maple. …”
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Fabrication and characterization of ZrO nanofibers by critical bubble electrospinning for high-temperature-resistant adsorption and separation by Ya Li, Ji-Huan He

“…In addition, ZrOCl 2 /PAN composite fibers were converted to ZrO 2 nanofibers after high-temperature calcination, whose crystal structure was cubic phase of ZrO 2 after 1000°C, and the obtained ZrO 2 nanofibers shows excellent high-temperature-resistant adsorption and separation properties.…”
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Diarrhoea in Patients with COVID-19 by A. A. Sheptulin

“…The causes of diarrhoea may relate to the virus direct interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in mucosa, its impact on the intestinal microbiota and therapeutic side effects. …”
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Application of PDE Constrained Optimization in Internal Combustion Engine Pollution Control by Hongliang Guan

“…The algorithm first converts the internal combustion engine control model of the scavenger dose into a constrained optimization problem with a l1-penalty term. …”
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Unsuspicious reception of Biblical discourse in Africa and its implications for polygamy by B.B. Senokoane

“…This understanding and perception enabled missionaries to interpret the Bible in such a way that it disadvantaged and oppressed the “converts”. It should be clear that theology is a form of rational discourse, with consequences for the recipient. …”
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