Design and Test of a Cone Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Driving Hopping Robot by Yunguang Luan, Huaming Wang, Ling Zhou, Haichao Song

“…Upon release, the stored energy in the torsion spring is rapidly converted into kinetic energy, propelling the robot into the air. …”
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Analytical validation of a novel bioassay for thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin by Paul D. Olivo, Hannah Kim, Lynn Miao, Jeffery A. Houtz, George J. Kahaly

“…TSI was measured as a function of luciferase activity measured as relative light units (RLU) and converted into international units per liter (IU/L). …”
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Cancer stem cell populations are resistant to 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) by Chantel P. J. Rice, Vipin Shankar Chelakkot, Noah T. Conohan, Kensuke Hirasawa

“…Activated PS leads to the generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting cancer cell death. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring PS precursor, which is metabolically converted to the PS, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Although 5-ALA-PDT is effective at killing cancer cells, in prior studies conducted by our group we normally observed in in vitro experiments that approximately 5–10% of cells survive 5-ALA-PDT, which served as an impetus for further investigation. …”
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The association between Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the mediating role of dietary inflammatory index (DII) by Hongyang Gong, Kaifeng Zhang, Seok Choi, Shaoqun Huang

“…Additionally, the results remain robust when PHDI and DII are converted to tertile. An investigation of smooth curve fitting showed a linear correlation between the risk of COPD and PHDI. …”
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No Difference in Two-Dimensional Kinematic Assessment of a 45-Degree Sidestep Cut Compared to Qualitative Assessment by Lauren Butler, Charles Wyatt, Alexa Martinez, Ashley Erdman, Eryn Milian, Dai Sugimoto, Alex Loewen, Jeffrey Fernandez, Kristin Hayden, Amie DeVerna, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Sophia Ulman

“…Intraclass correlation coefficients and 95% confident intervals were calculated for the total score, and kappa coefficients were calculated per kinematic variable. Correlations were converted to z-scores and compared to the six original criteria for significance (*α*\<0.05)…”
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Honoring the Afro-Colombian musical culture with the naming of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. (Anura, Dendrobatidae), a frog from the Pacific rainforests by Mileidy Betancourth-Cundar, Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela, Andrew J. Crawford, David C. Cannatella, Rebecca D. Tarvin

“…Known as the Chocó, this biogeographic region has been largely converted to agriculture in Ecuador and is experiencing widespread transformation in Colombia, which may endanger E. currulao sp. nov. and biodiversity in the region. …”
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Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates and High-Strength Concrete Integrating Recycled Tire Steel Fib... by Hasan A. Alasmari, Ibrahim A. Sharaky, Ahmed S. Elamary, Ayman El-Zohairy

“…Currently, millions of tires are consumed annually, which necessitates the efficient disposal of these quantities of spent tires and the development of means to convert them into useful materials. This research deals with the effect of adding the steel fibers extracted from used car tires (RSFs) to incorporate them as concrete components to obtain high-strength concrete (HSC). …”
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Bodyblade™ Training in Athletes with Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability by Victor Pulido, Brent Alvar, David Behm

“…The Bodyblade&trade; group transitioned from classic to the pro model (30-60-s repetitions). The mixed group converted from the traditional (weeks 1-4) to the Bodyblade™ (weeks 5-8) protocol. …”
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Behavior of unconfined steel-fiber reinforced UHPC post high-temperature exposure by Sohit Agrawal, Erika Yulianti, Mugahed Amran, Chung-Chan Hung

“…Results revealed that by 200 ˚C, portlandite began converting into calcium oxide and water vapor. Simultaneously, levels of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate rose, indicating continued hydration at elevated temperatures. …”
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Biochar Amendment as a Mitigation Against Freezing–Thawing Effects on Soil Hydraulic Properties by Zhongkui Chen, Chitipat Intraravimonmata, Viroon Kamchoom, Rui Chen, Natdanai Sinsamutpadung

“…Introducing biochar helps mitigate these effects by converting large pores into smaller micro- or meso-pores, effectively increasing water retention, especially at higher content of biochar. …”
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The effect of propagation saw test geometries on critical cut length by B. Bergfeld, K. W. Birkeland, V. Adam, V. Adam, P. L. Rosendahl, A. van Herwijnen

“…We developed two load-based models to convert critical cut lengths between the test geometries: (i) a uniform slab model that treats the slab as one uniform layer and (ii) a layered model that accounts for stratification. …”
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Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide-based cation, chelating, and anion exchangers for salt removal by Mahmoud A. Al Azwani, Saleh Al Busafi, El-Said I. El-Shafey

“…Using amide coupling, the GO surface was functionalized with taurine to produce a cation exchanger (GOT), and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to produce a chelating ion exchanger (GOP) which was converted to a quaternary ammonium salt (GOQ) which acts as an anion exchanger. …”
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Automatic summarization of cooking videos using transfer learning and transformer-based models by P. M. Alen Sadique, R. V. Aswiga

“…The results achieved in the work are on par with the existing work in the respective field which demonstrates comparable performance and efficacy in converting cooking videos into detailed recipe texts.…”
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Analysis of Users’ Neural Responses to Native Advertisements Using Cognitive Indicators and Electroencephalography by Mina Montakhab Madani, Yalda Rahmati Ghofrani, Shahrokh Yousefzadeh Chabok, Rahmat Ali Saberi Haghayegh

“…The electroencephalography (EEG) data were converted to numerical values using MATLAB software, , version 2024.  …”
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Photofunctionalized Europium(III) complexes with circularly polarized luminescence by Md. Jahidul Islam, PhD, Naima Sharmin

“…The europium acetate salt was converted to europium trifluoroacetyl camphorate ([Eu(tfc)3)(H2O)]) in the 1st step of the four-step synthesis reaction. …”
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Effect of Construction Waste as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of Concrete. by Sempala, Ronald

“…Construction debris, such as brick, block, and leftover mortar, was converted into aggregates by being manually or mechanically crushed in a jaw or impact crusher. …”
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Bee Venom—A Potential Complementary Medicine Candidate for SARS-CoV-2 Infections by Keneth Iceland, Kasozi, Simon Peter, Musinguzi

“…SARS-CoV-2 directly interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors in the human body. …”
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Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks Performed by Orthopedic Surgeons: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study in Akita Prefecture, Japan by Tatsuru Tomioka, Seietsu Senma, Yuichiro Narita, Masakazu Urayama, Satoshi Yumoto, Hiroki Ito, Toshiaki Aizawa, Tsuyoshi Shirahata, Hiroshi Aonuma, Nozomi Kaga, Norimitsu Masutani, Yusuke Yuasa, Hikaru Saito, Kunio Ebata, Kentaro Ouchi, Naohisa Miyakoshi, Yoichi Shimada

“…Two cases with special factors were converted to general anesthesia. There were 2 cases of complications associated with the nerve block, but they were all transient and recovered promptly. …”
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Application of cold atmospheric plasma for decontamination of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins: a systematic review by Amanda Cristina Dias de Oliveira, Sher Ali, Carlos Humberto Corassin, Sana Ullah, Karina Nascimento Pereira, James Leon Walsh, Nataša Hojnik, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira

“…The effectiveness of cold plasma depends on operational parameters and the specific characteristics of the treated food, with notable efficacy in degrading aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol by converting them into less toxic substances and inhibiting their spores and DNA responsible for their biosynthesis. …”
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Chimeric cytokine receptor TGF-β RⅡ/IL-21R improves CAR-NK cell function by reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer by Yaojun Ren, Min Xue, Xinhui Hui, Xiuyu Liu, Muhammad Asad Farooq, Yiran Chen, Yuzhou Ji, Yixin Duan, Iqra Ajmal, Jie Yao, Wenzheng Jiang

“…This study aims to tackle the challenge of TGF-β-mediated tumor immune evasion within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by designing a novel chimeric cytokine receptor TRII/21 R, which consists of extracellular domains of TGF-β receptor II (TRII) and transmembrane and intracellular domains of IL-21 receptor (21 R) and can convert the immunosuppressive signal from TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment (TME) into an NK cell activation signal through the IL-21R-STAT3 pathway. …”
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