Hierarchical proxy consensus optimization for IoV based on blockchain and trust value by Baoqin ZHAI, Jian WANG, Lei HAN, Jiqiang LIU, Jiahao HE, Tianhao LIU

“…With the rapid development of Internet of vehicles, 5G and artificial intelligence technologies, intelligent transportation has become the development trend of transportation technology.As a vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-road information interaction platform, the Internet of vehicles is the basic support platform for intelligent traffic information sharing and processing.At the same time, the security of Internet of vehicles has attracted much attention, especially data security which may cause user privacy leakage.The blockchain technology has become a solution, but it still faces new challenges in efficiency, security and other aspects.With the increase of vehicle nodes and information, how to efficiently achieve information consensus in high-speed vehicle moving environment has become a key problem.Then a bottom-up RSU (road side unit) chain consensus protocol was proposed based on blockchain and trust value.Several typical consensus structures were compared, and bottom-up two-layer consensus structure was adopted according to the actual scenarios of the Internet of vehicles.Moreover, a group leader node election algorithm was proposed which is based on node participation, work completion and message value.The system security was ensured by assigning trust value to each vehicle.Following the consensus structure and algorithm work mentioned above, the specific process of the protocol was comprehensively described, which was divided into six steps: region division, group leader node selection, local consensus, leader primary node selection, global consensus, and intra-domain broadcast.Then the experiments were analyzed from four aspects: security, communication complexity, consensus algorithm delay and fault tolerance rate.Experiments showed that, compared with other schemes, the proposed protocol can effectively reduce communication complexity and shorten consensus delay under the condition of resisting conspiracy attack, witch attack and other attacks.On the premise of security, the protocol improves fault tolerance rate and enables more nodes to participate in information sharing to satisfy the requirements of Internet of vehicles scenarios.…”
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Tsarist Doctors in the Implementation of Peter the Great’s Foreign Policy Initiatives in 1716–1721 by A. V. Morokhin

“…The diplomatic scandal of early 1717 connected to the disclosure of another Jacobite conspiracy involving the official circles of Sweden affected Areskin's endeavors. …”
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Systematic Review of Fake News, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Examining Authors, Content, and Social Impact Through Machine Learning by Darius Plikynas, Ieva Rizgeliene, Grazina Korvel

“…Ad hoc malicious social media accounts and organized networks of trolls and bots target countries, societies, social groups, political campaigns and individuals. As a result, conspiracy theories, echo chambers, filter bubbles and other processes of fragmentation and marginalization are polarizing, radicalizing, and disintegrating society in terms of coherent politics, governance, and social networks of trust and cooperation. …”
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Actively Open-Minded Thinking About Evidence (AOT-E) Scale: Adaptation and Evidence of Validity in a Brazilian Sample by Andressa Bonafé-Pontes, Rafael Costa Bastos, Ronaldo Pilati

“…A total of 718 participants from various regions of Brazil completed an online survey that included the AOT-E, along with other instruments that allowed for an assessment of the scale’s nomological network, including measures of science literacy, attitude toward science, conspiracy beliefs, and religiosity. The EFA and CFA of both the original and Brazilian samples suggested a unidimensional solution. …”
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From deliberation to acclamation: how did Twitter’s algorithms foster polarized communities and undermine democracy in the 2020 US presidential election by Gustavo Morales, Gustavo Morales, Augusto Salazar, Diego Puche

“…Trump’s defeat marked a collision between users who took to the streets under the banner of a conspiracy theory, which had gained traction as an alternative virtual truth through acclamation as practice, and citizens who use the practice of deliberation over empirical results of the electoral process. …”
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Activities of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR Pavlo Yakovlevych Meshyk (1953) by V. A. Grechenko

“…In June 1953, he was arrested and later convicted on charges of treason and conspiracy to seize power, and in December of the same year, Meshyk was shot dead. …”
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Criminal liability for interfering with the legal professional activities of journalists (art. 171 of the Criminal Code): a scientific and practical comment by Movchan R., Hel A.

“…The proposal of the researchers to present Part 3 of Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the following wording: “Actions provided for in part 1 or part 2 of this article, if they were committed by an official using his official position or with the prior conspiracy of a group of persons”. Practical significance. …”
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The mental health impact of COVID-19: the need for community interventions and collaboration for recovery by Nadarajah Rajeshkannan, Daya Somasundaram, Balachandran Kumarendran, Thirunavukarasu Kumanan, Ivan Dinesh Aloysius, Nalayini Sugirthan, Sivanantham Sasikumar, Nalayini Jegathesan

“…At the community level, there were signs of collective (mass) hysteria from panic buying to conspiracy theories, public shaming, fake news, and disinformation spreading on social media and mass protests. …”
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“The Founder and Father of his Empire”: Voltaire on the Peace of Nystad and the Imperial Status of Russia by S. A. Mezin

“…The focus of the paper is on the up to the present-day controversial issue, whether Peter I was involved in Gorth–Alberoni conspiracy, aimed at the complete political change in the appearance of Europe. …”
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What made people (more) positive toward the COVID-19 vaccine? Exploring positive and negative deviance perspectives by Mitchell A. M. Matthijssen, Mariëlle Cloin, Florian van Leeuwen, Ien van de Goor, Peter Achterberg

“…., religiosity and belief in conspiracy theories) with non-vaccination behavior, some individuals who hold these views still choose vaccination, and vice versa. …”
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent extremism and organized crime in the Republic of Serbia by Đorić Marija, Životić Ilija

“…All the fundamental issues on which the extreme right-wingers built their ideology (such as Kosovo and Metohija, the friend-enemy dichotomy) were pushed aside during the pandemic, in order to actualize the problems concerning the "infestation of migrants", conspiracy theories, vaccinations, 5G networks and of panic fear for the survival of the nation. …”
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Hooks, Lines, and Sinkers: How Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback and Cosmic-Ray Transport Shape the Far-infrared–Radio Correlation of Galaxies by Sam B. Ponnada, Rachel K. Cochrane, Philip F. Hopkins, Iryna S. Butsky, Sarah Wellons, N. Nicole Sanchez, Cameron Hummels, Yue Samuel Lu, Dušan Kereš, Christopher C. Hayward

“…In doing so, we generally verify the predictions of “calorimeter” theories at high FIR luminosities ( L _60 _μ _m  ≳ 10 ^9.5 L _⊙ ) and at low FIR luminosities ( L _60 _μ _m ≲ 10 ^9.5 L _⊙ ), the so-called “conspiracy” of increasing UV radiation escape in tandem with increasing CRe escape, and find that the global FRC is insensitive to orders-of-magnitude locally variable CR transport coefficients. …”
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A Critical Analysis of the Content of Iqbal’s Revelations in the Poem of the “Majlis-e- Iblis” by Ali Bayat

“…In this poem, Allama Iqbal has well exposed the conspiracies of the devilish system against Muslims. …”
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COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in English-language news media: retrospective cohort study by Peter Lurie, Jordan Adams, Mark Lynas, Karen Stockert, Robyn Correll Carlyle, Amy Pisani, Sarah Davidson Evanega

“…The volume of such articles increased beginning in November 2020, but their percentage of all articles remained essentially stable after October 2020. 56.2% contained at least one mention of a safety theme, followed by development, production, and distribution (26.6%), and conspiracies (15.1%). Of 500 articles through January 2021 randomly selected from those identified by the Boolean string, 223 were not relevant, and 277 included either fact-checking (175 articles), refers to misinformation (87 articles) or primary misinformation (15 articles). …”
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When Infodemic Meets Epidemic: Systematic Literature Review by Chaimae Asaad, Imane Khaouja, Mounir Ghogho, Karim Baïna

“…The significant medical, emotional, and financial burden associated with epidemics creates feelings of distrust, fear, and loss of control, making vulnerable populations prone to exploitation and manipulation through misinformation, rumors, and conspiracies. The use of social media sites has increased in the last decade. …”
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