Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: When Natural Friends Turn into Enemies—The Importance of CpG Motifs of Bacterial DNA in Intestinal Homeostasis and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Florian Obermeier, Claudia Hofmann, Werner Falk

“…Bacterial DNA has been shown to be protective against experimental colitis. In contrast bacterial DNA essentially contributes to the perpetuation of an already established chronic intestinal inflammation in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)9-dependent manner. …”
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Optimal Endpoint of Therapy in IBD: An Update on Factors Determining a Successful Drug Withdrawal by Anita Annaházi, Tamás Molnár

“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, which require long term treatment to achieve remission and to prevent relapses and cancer. …”
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A Case of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Causing Mitral Valve Papillary Muscle Rupture by Tiffany Tamse, Avind Rampersad, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Jill Ireland

“…She was incidentally found to have hypereosinophilia of 16,000 on complete blood count and nonspecific colitis and pulmonary edema on computed tomography. …”
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Listeria monocytogenes Meningoencephalitis and Cerebral Abscess in a Heart Transplant Recipient by Paul C. Adjei

“…Given his immunosuppression, diarrhea, and low-level CMV viremia, he was presumed to have cytomegalovirus and/or C. difficile colitis and treated empirically for both on hospital day one. …”
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Pouchitis unveiled: exploring clinical features, diagnosis, and cutting-edge treatments by Francesca Lusetti, Camilla Almeida Martins Helfenberger, Munique Kurtz de Mello, Natália Sousa Freitas Queiroz

“…Last decades led to a revolution in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC), due to the development of novel advanced therapies and the identification of increasingly ambitious therapeutic goals. …”
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Natural Killer Cell and Large Granular Lymphocyte Deficiency in the Gut of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by F Hadziselimovic, LR Emmons, U Schaub

“…However, the number of natural killer cells was normal in patients in remission with left-sided colitis. The lack of natural killer cells and LGL in the gut epithelium in children with IBD may be indicative of a possible genetic predisposition. …”
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VSL#3 Probiotic Upregulates Intestinal Mucosal Alkaline Sphingomyelinase and Reduces Inflammation by Isaac Soo, Karen L Madsen, Qassim Tejpar, Beate C Sydora, Richard Sherbaniuk, Benedetta Cinque, Luisa Di Marzio, Maria Grazia Cifone, Claudio Desimone, Richard N Fedorak

“…Reduced levels of alkaline sphingomyelinase have been found in premalignant and malignant intestinal epithelia and in ulcerative colitis tissue. Probiotic bacteria can be a source of sphingomyelinase.…”
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Research progress on free fatty acid receptors and bronchial asthma by Fangxin Cao, Na Lin, Juntao Lin, Gai Yang, Xintong Wang

“…Many researchers have reported the role of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) in diseases such as bronchial asthma, colitis, arthritis and other diseases. Free fatty acids are ligands of FFARs. …”
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Colonic Mucosal Epigenome and Microbiome Development in Children and Adolescents by R. Alan Harris, Rajesh Shah, Emily B. Hollister, Rune Rose Tronstad, Nils Hovdenak, Reka Szigeti, James Versalovic, Richard Kellermayer

“…Epigenetic and microbiome changes during pediatric development have been implicated as important elements in the developmental origins of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are linked to early onset colorectal cancer (CRC). …”
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Nuclear Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Longgui Ning, Xinhe Lou, Fenming Zhang, Guoqiang Xu

“…As one of the first-line medications for the treatment of IBD, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to attenuate colitis. The protective roles of rifaximin and rifampicin partly depend on promoting pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression. …”
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Newly Diagnosed Colonic Adenocarcinoma: The Presenting Sign in a Young Woman with Undiagnosed Crohn’s Disease in the Absence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and a Normal Microsat... by Brett Matthew Lowenthal, Ann M. Ponsford Tipps

“…Ulcerative colitis has long been linked with an increased risk for colonic adenocarcinoma, whereas Crohn’s disease (CD) has recently been reported to pose a similar increased risk. …”
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Cannabigerol and cannabichromene in Cannabis sativa L. by Zagožen Marjeta, Čerenak Andreja, Kreft Samo

“…CBG has shown anti-inflammatory effects on murine colitis and on inflammatory bowel disease as well as stimulatory effects on the feeding behaviors of mice. …”
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Irritable bowel syndrome: pathophysiological and clinical issues by V. T. Ivashkin, Ye. A. Poluektova

“…The long-term analysis of IBS symptoms has not led to development of clear diagnostic criteria due to both objective causes (frequent, up to 87% combination of various functional disorders) and due to possible identity of complaints in patients to IBS, clostridial infection, microscopic colitis, celiac sprue. Lack of scrutiny of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation determines low treatment efficacy of such patients.Conclusion. …”
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Repair of Posterior Vaginal Wall Defect Using Biologic Graft for Stage III-POP-Q Pelvic Organ Prolapse in a Patient with History of a J-Pouch by Ali Azadi, Stephanie Casey, Paravasthu Ramanujam, Darya Tehranchi, Donald Ostergard

“…In a patient with a history of ulcerative colitis with colorectal resection and a J-pouch, surgery can be challenging due to alterations of pelvic anatomy. …”
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Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic “Salvage” Rectopexy for Recurrent Ileoanal J-Pouch Prolapse by Madhu Ragupathi, Chirag B. Patel, Diego I. Ramos-Valadez, Eric M. Haas

“…Total restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RP/IPAA) has become the standard of care for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Despite its correlation with an excellent quality of life and favorable long-term outcomes, RP/IPAA has been associated with several complications. …”
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Prmt5 is essential for intestinal stem cell maintenance and homeostasis by Li Yang, Xuewen Li, Chenyi Shi, Bing Zhao

“…The deletion of Prmt5 results in ISCs deficiency, ectopic localization of Paneth cells, and spontaneous colitis. Mechanistically, Prmt5 sustains a high level of H3K27ac accumulation by inhibiting Hdac9 expression in the intestinal epithelium, and maintains the stemness of ISCs in a cell-autonomous manner. …”
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Current Concepts of Hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease by Nikolaus Rieber, Andreas Hector, Taco Kuijpers, Dirk Roos, Dominik Hartl

“…Besides this immunodeficiency, CGD patients suffer from various autoinflammatory symptoms, such as granuloma formation in the skin or urinary tract and Crohn-like colitis. Owing to improved antimicrobial treatment strategies, the majority of CGD patients reaches adulthood, yet the autoinflammatory manifestations become more prominent by lack of causative treatment options. …”
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Possible Involvement of Liver Resident Macrophages (Kupffer Cells) in the Pathogenesis of Both Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Inflammation by Yuki Kakinuma, Takuya Kimura, Yoshifumi Watanabe

“…Administration of clodronate liposomes resulted in the KC deletion and in the suppression of liver injury in T cell-mediated hepatitis by ConA as a local acute inflammation model, while the treatment did not influence dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis featured by weight loss, intestinal shrink, and pathological observation as an ectopic local acute inflammation model. …”
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Worries and Concerns among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Followed Prospectively over One Year by Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen, Bjørn Moum, Tomm Bernklev

“…A total of 140 patients were included (V1), ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 92, Crohn's disease (CD) n = 48, mean age 46.9 and 40.0-year old, respectively. …”
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Mesalazine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Trendy Topic Once Again? by Marietta Iacucci, Shanika de Silva, Subrata Ghosh

“…These drugs are most useful for the treatment of mild to moderate flares of ulcerative colitis and, especially, for maintenance of remission. …”
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