Mechanisms behind Functional Avidity Maturation in T Cells by Marina Rode von Essen, Martin Kongsbak, Carsten Geisler

“…During an immune response antigen-primed B-cells increase their antigen responsiveness by affinity maturation mediated by somatic hypermutation of the genes encoding the antigen-specific B-cell receptor (BCR) and by selection of higher-affinity B cell clones. Unlike the BCR, the T-cell receptor (TCR) cannot undergo affinity maturation. …”
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THE EFFECT OF HOST PLANT REPLACEMENT ON THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE KRASNODAR GREENBUG <i> SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM </i> RONDANI (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) POPULATION by E. E. Radchenko, T. L. Kuznetsova

“…Replacement of the host led to rapid accumulation of clones virulent to the sorghum resistance genes Sgr1 - Sgr4 and Sgr12.…”
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Single monoclonal spike characterized as double monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma: A rare finding by Rajni Saijpaul, Vatsala Khurana, Rashmi Verma, Smita Kaushik

“…Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with the secretion of a unique monoclonal protein (M-protein) due to overproduction of immunoglobulin (Ig) by a clone of abnormally proliferating plasma cells. However, in 4% of the cases more than one M-protein can be found. …”
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State of Oral Mucosa as an Additional Symptom in the Course of Primary Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma Disease by Maciej R. Czerniuk, Artur Jurczyszyn, Grzegorz Charlinski

“…Its essence is a malignant clone of plasma cells synthesizing growth of monoclonal immunoglobulin, which infiltrate the bone marrow, destroy the bone structure, and prevent the proper production of blood cells components. …”
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T-PLL Presenting with an Indolent Course by Arsa Thammahong, Narittee Sukswai, Chantana Polprasert

“…T-cell receptor clonality assessment by next-generation sequencing revealed a dominant clone in the ß-chain constant region. No pathogenic mutations in 25 lymphoma-related genes were found. …”
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Overcoming the Silencing of Doxycycline-Inducible Promoters in hiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] by Michelle Guichardaz, Elisa Balmas, Alessandro Bertero, Sveva Bottini

“…Unexpectedly, Tet-On 3G was silenced in some clones and could not be reactivated by SB. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for integrating multiple strategies, including careful GSH selection, improved cassette design, epigenetic modulation, and clone screening, to develop robust dox-inducible systems that retain functionality during hiPSC differentiation.…”
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Expression of the Autoimmune Regulator Gene and Its Relevance to the Mechanisms of Central and Peripheral Tolerance by Roberto Perniola

“…Its related protein, AIRE, activates the transcription of genes encoding for tissue-specific antigens (TsAgs) in a subset of medullary thymic epithelial cells: the presentation of TsAgs to the maturating thymocytes induces the apoptosis of the autoreactive clones and constitutes the main form of central tolerance. …”
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Complication of Salmonella Bacteremia in a Case of Treated Fungal Endophthalmitis by J. Malathi, M. Sowmiya, Vikas Khetan, K. Lily Therese, H. N. Madhavan

“…However, Salmonella typhi was isolated from both specimens, which was confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16SrRNA gene, sequencing, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA showed that they belonged to the same clone. The presence of Salmonella bacteremia in a treated unilateral fungal endophthalmitis, among young adult patients is rare and systemic symptoms should be investigated.…”
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Genetic Improvement of rice Grain size Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System by Tao Zhang, Zhengwei Wang, Qiaoquan Liu, Dongsheng Zhao

“…In recent years, numerous genes related to grain size with differential effects have been cloned. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing system is a convenient tool for modifying genes. …”
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Effect of Inflammation on Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells’ Proliferation and Migration through Microperforated Membranes: An In Vitro Study by M. Al Bahrawy, K. Ghaffar, A. Gamal, K. El-Sayed, V. Iacono

“…Materials and Methods. Clones of human gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs) from inflamed gingival tissues were characterized for stem/progenitor cells’ characteristics and compared to clones of healthy human GMSCs (n=3), to be subsequently seeded on perforated collagen-coated poly-tetra-floro-ethylene (PTFE) membranes with a pore size 0.4 and 3 microns and polycarbonic acid membranes of 8 microns pore size in Transwell systems. …”
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Surveillance and characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates in a Chinese tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, 2018 to 2024 by Hongwei Shen, Qiaomin Zhang, Shaobo Li, Tingting Huang, Wen Ma, Daming Wang, Peng Li

“…The ST80 remained the most prevalent clone until the introduction of ST78 in May 2023, at which point these two clones became the most prevalent. …”
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Multiselfing in Music Education by Radio Cremata

“…Multiselfing is a form of musicianship where one person digitally clones themself into several single selves, creating layers and a musical collective that would otherwise be impossible without the mediation of technology. …”
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RFID security authentication scheme based on Montgomery-form elliptic curve cryptography by Wumei ZHANG

“…For the issues that the existing RFID security authentication scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography （ECC）can not meet the requirements of mutual authentication,privacy protection and forward security,a RFID security authentication scheme based on Montgomery-form elliptic curve cryptography was proposed.This scheme uses the Montgomery elliptic curve to reduce the amount of computation,and to provide mutual authentication between the label and the server,and anonymity and forward security.The analysis showed that the scheme could resist replay attack,tag camouflage attack,server cheat attack,DoS attack,position tracking attack and clone attack.Compared with the existing schemes,the proposed scheme provides high security performance under low memory,computation and communication requirements,and it can meet the security requirements of the RFID system.…”
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动物克隆与克隆技术 by 孙忻, 王丽

“…<正> 自从克隆羊“多莉”诞生之后,克隆一词便成为了传媒追逐的热点,那么究竟什么是克隆呢?克隆一词源于英文“clone”的中文译音,意为无性繁殖,即通过非有性的过程复制个体,不通过性细胞结合而繁殖的过程。植物的克隆现象很常见,植物块茎的自然繁殖、扦插、压条和嫁接都属于无性繁殖,均属于植物的克隆行为。…”
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A Case Report of Premalignant Plasma Cell Dyscrasia-Induced Renal Failure in a 31-Year-Old Female by Ayrton Bangolo, Mahabuba Akhter, Amer Jarri, Manpreet Kaur, Ali Atoot, Parul Jandir, Mahmood Ibrahim, Lochana Manandhar, Adam Atoot

“…Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a rare disorder in which monoclonal immunoglobulin secreted by nonmalignant B cell or plasma cell clone causes kidney damage. Although MGRS is a premalignant condition, it can cause severe kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at any age. …”
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Streptomyces lavendulae Protease Inhibitor: Purification, Gene Overexpression, and 3-Dimensional Structure by D. E. El-Hadedy, El-Sayed E. Mostafa, Moataza M. Saad

“…PCR product (~1615 bp) of sti1 gene was cloned in expression vector pACYC177/ET3d and transformed in Escherichia coli JM109. …”
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Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Denitrification Mechanism by Functional Bacteria in HMBR System by LI Ying, SHI Haochen, LIU Qiang, ZHENG Xiaoying, ZHENG Jiaxiong, XIANG Wei, QU Jixiang

“…The results show that the dominant group in the HMBR system is Proteobacteria, accounting for 62.18% of the total clones. Anaerolineaceae, Flavobacterium, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira which belong to Bacteroidetes in the suspension filler and mixed liquid play a key role in enhancing denitrification.…”
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The Role of Extracts of Edible Parts and Production Wastes of Globe Artichoke (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>scolymus</i> (L.)) in Counteracting Oxidative Stress by Valentina Laghezza Masci, Irene Mezzani, Enrica Alicandri, William Tomassi, Anna Rita Paolacci, Stefano Covino, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Elisabetta Catalani, Davide Cervia, Mario Ciaffi, Stefania Garzoli, Elisa Ovidi

“…The stem and secondary flower head extracts of two representative “Carciofo Ortano” genotypes and the Grato 1 clone, which have higher phenolic content, demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. …”
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Monitoring of hepatitis E virus infection and replication by functional tagging of the ORF2 protein by Maliki Ankavay, Nathalie Da Silva, Angela Pollán, Noémie Oechslin, Katja Dinkelborg, Patrick Behrendt, Darius Moradpour, Jérôme Gouttenoire

“…Methods: We exploited transposon-mediated random insertion and selection of viable clones to identify sites in the HEV open reading frame 2 (ORF2) protein, corresponding to the viral capsid, allowing for the insertion of reporter sequences in a functional context. …”
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Genome constitution and differentiation of subgenomes in Siberian and Far Eastern endemic species of the genus Elymus (Poaceae) according to the sequencing of the nuclear gene waxy by A. V. Agafonov, S. V. Asbaganov, E. V. Shabanova (Kobozeva), I. V. Morozov, A. A. Bondar

“…To determine the species’ genomic constitution and to evaluate the level of phylogenetic differentiation, we examined the GBSS1 gene in 18 species of Elymus from Siberia and the Russian Far East, including the fol- lowing 14 endemics: E. charkeviczii, E. jacutensis, E. kamczadalorum, E. komarovii, E. kronokensis, E. lenensis, E. macrourus, E. margaritae, E. subfibrosus, E. sajanensis, E. transbaicalensis, E. peschkovae, E. uralensis, and E. viridiglumis.PCR amplification products of GBSS1 gene fragments (including exons 9–14) were cloned and 6–8 clones per accession were sequenced. …”
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