The Role of Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound in Liver Diseases: What Have We Learnt? by Cosmas Rinaldi A. Lesmana, Maria Satya Paramitha, Rino A. Gani

“…Chronic liver disease (CLD) is still a major problem, where the disease progression will lead to liver cirrhosis (LC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Portal hypertension (PH) management and loco-regional therapy for HCC have become the cornerstones in advanced liver disease management. …”
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Outcome of the Pediatric Patients with Portal Cavernoma: The Retrospective Study for 10 Years Focusing on Recurrent Variceal Bleeding by Hongjie Guo, Fabao Hao, Chunbao Guo, Yang Yu

“…Between July 2003 and June 2013, we retrospectively enrolled all consecutive patients admitted to our department with a diagnosis of PC without abdominal malignancy or liver cirrhosis. The primary endpoint of this observational study was recurrent variceal bleeding. …”
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Why and How to Treat Chronic Hepatitis C by Stephanos J Hadziyannis

“…Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major health problem worldwide, with approximately 200 million affected individuals and a significant rate of progression to end-stage cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is left untreated in the population, then the number of liver-related deaths will soon double and the need for liver transplantation may increase to five times that seen today. …”
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Arenobufagin suppresses the progression of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting EpCAM-mediated tumor stemness by Lijuan Deng, Lifang Zou, Chunhong Zhou, Fuqin Yang, Fen Ouyang, Yingru Zhu, Huihui Cao, Min Hu, Xiaoshen Zhang, Junshan Liu

“…Here, the protein expression profile of EpCAM in tumor-adjacent regions was found to be higher than that in tumor regions, and to be positively associated with the progression of early-stage liver cancer, as well as high frequency of recurrence, cirrhosis, lymph node metastasis, microvascular invasion and cancer stemness, in 68 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). …”
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Current Treatment Approaches to HCC with a Special Consideration to Transplantation by N. Bhardwaj, M. T. P. R. Perera, M. A. Silva

“…It is well known that, in selected, optimized patients, hepatectomy for HCC may be an option, even in patients with underlying cirrhosis. Resectable patients with early HCC and underlying liver disease are however increasingly being considered for transplantation because of potential for better disease-free survival and resolution of underlying liver disease, although this approach is limited by the availability of donor livers, especially in resectable patients. …”
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Efficacy Comparison of Nitazoxanide Combined with Lactulose versus Lactulose Monotherapy in Managing Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy by Taimoor Hafeez Janjua, Amanat Ali, Sameer Ahmed, Sabeen Shakir, Zunera Rashid, Asma Irfan

“…Patient demographics, aetiology of cirrhosis, MELD score, and efficacy of treatment were assessed. …”
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Spontaneous Evisceration, or “Burst Abdomen,” in Patient with Prior Flood Syndrome Surgical Repair by Matthias Barden, Dustin Marinelli, Kirsten Cable

“…A 61-year-old female with prior history of alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites presented to our emergency department with frank evisceration of multiple loops of small bowel from an open anterior abdominal wall dehiscence. …”
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Co-infection with hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment by Yaozu He, Weiyin Lin, Fei Gu, Xianglong Lan, Linghua Li, Haijuan Wang

“…HIV affects the development of chronic HBV infection, leading to higher HBV DNA levels, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver duisease, and potentially leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. …”
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Induction of MASH in three-dimensional bioprinted human liver tissue. by Vaidehi Joshi, Dwayne Carter, Alice E Chen, Keith Murphy, J William Higgins, Mediha Gurel, Daisy Chilin Fuentes, Sara Brin Rosenthal, Kathleen M Fisch, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A Brenner

“…Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH), is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a leading cause of liver transplantation. …”
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Recent trends in studying of alcohol-induced liver disease by I. I. Komkova, M. S. Zharkova, M. V. Mayevskaya

“…In the studies it was demonstrated, that there is significant difference in death rate of liver cirrhosis between European countries. Disease risk factors include: amount of taken alcohol, its type, frequency of use, female gender, excessive body weight. …”
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Successful case of using suture-mediated system Perclose ProGlide in TAVI by B. M. Todurov, M. B. Todurov, A. V. Khokhlov, M. V. Stan, K. L. Berestova, O. V. Zelenchuk, A. V. Besaga, S. R. Maruniak

“…This clinical case describes the performance of TAVI in a patient with liver cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, coagulopathy, and secondary anemia. …”
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Right Ventricle by George R. Marzouka, Apurva Badheka, Alexis P. Rodriguez, Sandra V. Chaparro

“…We present a case of a 63-year-old man with history of hepatitis C and cirrhosis, which had progressed to HCC. The patient had undergone two prior liver transplantations. …”
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Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats with Biliary Obstruction by Nuh Zafer Cantürk, Zeynep Cantürk, G Özbilim, C Yenisey

“…Fifty rats were divided into three groups. Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation in 40 of 50 rats. …”
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PBC: Animal Models of Cholangiopathies and Possible Endogenous Viral Infections by Masashi Ninomiya, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Tooru Shimosegawa

“…Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is considered an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and its characteristic serologic marker, the anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA). …”
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Evaluation of the etiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice in patients attending the Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital Endoscopy Unit in the last five years by Hamdy Mahfouz Moustafa, Ahmed Qasem Mohamed, Ali Sayed Zarea Nouh

“…Results Twenty patients (3.1%) had shrunken liver, splenomegaly, and calcular gall bladder suggesting that calcular obstructive jaundice could occur on top of liver cirrhosis. Abdominal US was diagnostic for the cause of obstruction in 400 patients (62.5%). …”
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Metabolic Alteration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanism of Lipid Accumulation in Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Hideo Suzuki, Motoyuki Kohjima, Masatake Tanaka, Takeshi Goya, Shinji Itoh, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Masaki Mori, Mariko Tsuda, Motoi Takahashi, Miho Kurokawa, Koji Imoto, Shigeki Tashiro, Akifumi Kuwano, Masaki Kato, Seiji Okada, Makoto Nakamuta, Yoshihiro Ogawa

“…The metabolic alterations including glycolysis, PPP, TCA cycle, and β-oxidation became more prominent as liver disease progresses from normal, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCC. …”
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Autoimmune Conditions in 235 Hemochromatosis Probands with HFE C282Y Homozygosity and Their First-Degree Relatives by James C. Barton, J. Clayborn Barton

“…We performed a retrospective study of autoimmune conditions (ACs) in 235 hemochromatosis probands at diagnosis by analyzing age, sex, ACs, history of first-degree family members with ACs (FH), diabetes, heavy ethanol consumption, elevated serum ALT/AST, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, iron removed to achieve iron depletion (QFe), and positivity for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes A∗01, B∗08; A∗02, B∗44; A∗03, B∗07; A∗03, B∗14; and A∗29, B∗44. …”
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Liver Transplantation: Evolving Patient Selection Criteria by Andy S Yu, Aijaz Ahmed, Emmet B Keeffe

“…The development of minimal listing criteria for patients with chronic liver disease based on a specific definition for decompensation of cirrhosis has facilitated the more uniform listing of patients at individual centres across the United States. …”
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A Canadian Isolate of Hepatitis D (delta) Virus by Véronique Poisson, Daniel B Ménard, Éric Frost, Jean-Pierre Perreault

“…HepatitisD(delta) virus (HDV) is an infectious agent that propagates in hepatocytes only in the presence of hepatitis B virus, causing fulminant or chronic hepatitis with liver cirrhosis. HDV is a 36 nm particle that includes a circular RNA genome of 1.7 kilobases with an extensive internal complementary that allows it to fold into a rod-like structure. …”
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Cytokines and HCV-Related Disorders by Poupak Fallahi, Clodoveo Ferri, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alda Corrado, Domenico Sansonno, Alessandro Antonelli

“…Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases—mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes—are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. …”
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