Reenvisioning Traditional to Regenerative Therapeutic Advances in Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetes Mellitus by Lung-Wen Tsai, Yi-Hsiang Lu, Rajni Dubey, Jeng-Fong Chiou

“…Clinically, it has also been revealed that the existence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) enhances the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while T2DM exacerbates NAFLD to extremely severe forms of steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This implies the coexistence and bidirectional nature of NAFLD and T2DM, which function synergistically to drive adverse consequences in clinical practice. …”
Get full text

Genetic polymorphism of hepatitis C virus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by S. N. Mammayev, A. M. Karimova

“…Thus it is revealed, that mutant type Glu 70 is significantly more frequent in patients with HCC in comparison to CHC and liver cirrhosis, in older age groups, at elevation of serum level of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aspartate aminotransferase. …”
Get full text

Genetic Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Satoru Joshita, Takeji Umemura, Eiji Tanaka, Masao Ota

“…Formerly termed primary biliary cirrhosis, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies. …”
Get full text

Hepatic Disorders and COVID-19: From Pathophysiology to Treatment Strategy by Parisa Shiri Aghbash, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, Hamidreza Fathi, Mohaddeseh Bahmani, Rojin Chegini, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi

“…Furthermore, antiviral medications, immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplantation, pre-existing hepatic diseases, and chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis have also been implicated in SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury. …”
Get full text

Motion – The Available Treatments for Hepatitis C Are Cost Effective: Arguments against the Motion by W Ray Kim

“…Available cohortbased studies suggest that only a relative minority of patients develop significant liver disease, such as cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Other studies, mostly conducted based on referral patients with established disease, portray much more serious consequences of HCV infection. …”
Get full text

Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B virus: Epidemiological Considerations and Implications for Control with Vaccine by Franklyn N Judson

“…They should take into account regional epidemiology, vaccination cost-benefit, and program goals such as prevention of perinatal infection, sexually transmitted acute hepatitis, and/or cirrhosis and hepatic cancer, as well as containment versus eradication of the virus. …”
Get full text

Autoimmune Hepatitis—Immunologically Triggered Liver Pathogenesis—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies by Elisabeth Sucher, Robert Sucher, Tanja Gradistanac, Gerald Brandacher, Stefan Schneeberger, Thomas Berg

“…AIH responds favorably to steroids and pharmacologic immunosuppression, and liver transplantation is only necessary in cases with acute liver failure or end-stage liver cirrhosis. Recurrence or development of de novo AIH after transplantation is possible, and treatment is similar to standard AIH therapy. …”
Get full text

Hepatitis C Virus, Cryoglobulinemia, and Kidney: Novel Evidence by Fabrizio Fabrizi

“…Hepatitis C virus infection can lead to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure; however, it is also associated with a wide range of extra-hepatic complications. …”
Get full text

Transitioning to Highly Effective Therapies for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Policy Statement and Implementation Guideline by Daniel J Smyth, Duncan Webster, Lisa Barrett, Mark MacMillan, Lisa McKnight, Frank Schweiger

“…Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases all-cause mortality, rates of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation and overall health care utilization. …”
Get full text

HSCT-GAVE as a Manifestation of Chronic Graft versus Host Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Existing Literature by Michael J. Grant, Mitchell E. Horwitz

“…The existing literature links GAVE to patients with cirrhosis, scleroderma, bone marrow transplantation, and chronic renal failure among other associations, but its pathophysiology remains ill-defined. …”
Get full text

Systemic Inflammation and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Too Much, Not Enough by Wim Laleman, Joan Claria, Schalk Van der Merwe, Richard Moreau, Jonel Trebicka

“…ACLF is a specific, but complex and multifactorial form of acute decompensation of cirrhosis and is characterized by an extraordinary dynamic natural course, rapidly evolving organ failure, and high short-term mortality. …”
Get full text

Hepatitis C Virus–Pediatric and Adult Perspectives in the Current Decade by Nanda Kerkar, Kayla Hartjes

“…Despite this, HCV continues to remain a global health burden, leading to cirrhosis as well as hepatocellular carcinoma, and is a reason for liver transplantation in the adult population. …”
Get full text

An Unusual Occurrence of Hepatic Granulomas and Secondary Sitosterolemia in Turner Syndrome by JayaKrishna Chintanaboina, Pragnesh R. Shah, Thomas R. Riley

“…Of the three patients, first patient underwent liver transplantation; second patient remained stable on immunosuppressants; and third patient died from complications of decompensated liver cirrhosis as she declined liver transplantation due to multiple comorbidities. …”
Get full text

Noninvasive Assessment of Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Elena Buzzetti, Rosa Lombardi, Laura De Luca, Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis

“…Histologically, NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. As NASH develops in only 10–15% of patients with NAFLD, it is not practical to biopsy all patients who present with NAFLD. …”
Get full text

Tolvaptan in the Treatment of Acute Hyponatremia Associated with Acute Kidney Injury by Shilpa Gopinath, Kalyana C. Janga, Sheldon Greenberg, Shree K. Sharma

“…Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) and hypervolemic hyponatremia caused by heart failure or cirrhosis are treated with vasopressin antagonists (vaptans) since they increase plasma sodium (Na2+) concentration via their aquaretic effects (augmentation of free-water clearance). …”
Get full text

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Oral Vancomycin by Yinka K. Davies, Cynthia J. Tsay, Dario V. Caccamo, Kathleen M. Cox, Ricardo O. Castillo, Kenneth L. Cox

“…Approximately 60–70% of patients also have inflammatory bowel disease and progression of PSC can lead to ulcerative colitis and cirrhosis of the liver. Due to limited understanding of the etiology and mechanism of PSC, the only existing treatment option is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT); however, recurrence of PSC, after OLT is estimated to be between 5% and 35%. …”
Get full text

Updates in Biliary Atresia: Aetiology, Diagnosis and Surgery by Mark Davenport

“…However, the cholestatic injury triggers an intrahepatic fibrotic process beginning at birth and culminating in cirrhosis some months later. Affected infants present with a triad of conjugated jaundice, pale stools, and dark urine and may have hepatosplenomegaly upon examination, with later ascites coincident with the onset of progressive liver disease. …”
Get full text

HCV and Lymphoproliferation by Anna Linda Zignego, Carlo Giannini, Laura Gragnani

“…It is not only a hepatotropic but also a lymphotropic agent and is responsible not only for liver injury—potentially evolving to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma—but also for a series of sometimes severely disabling extrahepatic diseases and, in particular, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. …”
Get full text

Elastography in Hepatology by Ludovico Abenavoli, Christophe Corpechot, Raoul Poupon

“…A common characteristic of all chronic liver diseases is the occurrence and progression of fibrosis toward cirrhosis. Consequently, liver fibrosis assessment plays an important role in hepatology. …”
Get full text

A Comprehensive Updated Review of Pharmaceutical and Nonpharmaceutical Treatment for NAFLD by Newaz Hossain, Pushpjeet Kanwar, Smruti R. Mohanty

“…On the contrary, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consists of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration and can progress to cirrhosis. Despite the rising incidence, definitive treatment for NAFLD, specifically NASH, has not yet been established. …”
Get full text