Neurogenetic Algorithm for Solving Combinatorial Engineering Problems by M. Jalali Varnamkhasti, Nasruddin Hassan

“…In this technique, for choosing the female chromosome during sexual selection, a bilinear allocation lifetime approach is used to label the chromosomes based on their fitness value which will then be used to characterize the diversity of the population. …”
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Genome-wide identification and functional roles relating to anthocyanin biosynthesis analysis in maize by Xiaofang Wang, Huangai Li, Shuai Wang, Meiqi Ruan, Yiping Li, Lei Zhu, Zhenying Dong, Yan Long

“…These genes are distributed on different chromosomes and gene expression patterns vary across different tissues in maize. …”
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Base Composition Characteristics of Mammalian miRNAs by Bin Wang

“…Mammalian miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, are scattered throughout chromosomes, and play an important role in the immune response and the onset of cancer. …”
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More than an Incidentaloma: The Nonreportable NIPT by Allison M. Jay, Brian Mason, Daniel Lebovic, Paul Chuba

“…Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), which utilizes a maternal blood sample to detect fetal gender and screen for fetal aneuploidy (abnormal chromosomes), is widely used in obstetrics to screen for Trisomies 21, 18, and 13. …”
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Text Knowledge Acquisition Method of Collaborative Product Design Based on Genetic Algorithm by Chongyuan Li, Mengmeng Yang

“…According to the operation process of the genetic algorithm, the chromosomes of clustered text are constructed and encoded and the initial population is obtained. …”
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A Review of Three Different Studies on Hidden Markov Models for Epigenetic Problems: A Computational Perspective by Kyung-Eun Lee, Hyun-Seok Park

“…Considering that epigenomic datasets are arranged over chromosomes, their analysis must account for spatial or temporal characteristics. …”
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Successful Pulmonary Endarterectomy in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome by E. Wierda, H. J. Reesink, H. Bruining, O. M. van Delden, J. J. Kloek, P. Bresser

“…Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a frequent genetic disorder due to one or more supernumerary X chromosomes. KS is associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolic events like deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. …”
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A Review on Mangrove Actinobacterial Diversity: The Roles of Streptomyces and Novel Species Discovery by Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Priyia Pusparajah, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Sunny Hei Wong, Bey-Hing Goh, Learn-Han Lee

“…Streptomycetes are noted to possess several special qualities such as multicellular life cycle and large linearized chromosomes. The significant contribution of Streptomyces in microbial drug discovery as witnessed through the discovery of many important antibiotic drugs has undeniably encourage the exploration of these bacteria from different environments, especially the mangrove environments. …”
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Comparative Inference of Duplicated Genes Produced by Polyploidization in Soybean Genome by Yanmei Yang, Jinpeng Wang, Jianyong Di

“…From the statistical analysis of the molecular distances between duplicated genes, our study indicates that the whole genome duplication event occurred more than once in the genome evolution of soybean, which is often distributed near the ends of chromosomes.…”
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Genetic diversity and population structure studies of West African sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] collection using DArTseq. by Issa Zakari Mahaman Mourtala, Arnaud Comlan Gouda, Dan-Jimo Baina, Nwankwo Innocent Ifeanyi Maxwell, Charlotte O A Adje, Moussa Baragé, Oselebe Ogba Happiness

“…The highest value of polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.41) was observed in chromosomes 4, while the highest proportion of heterozygous (He) (0.18) was observed in chromosomes 11. …”
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A case-control genome-wide association study of estimated breeding values for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in two local dairy sheep breeds by C. Persichilli, S. Biffani, G. Senczuk, M. Di Civita, M.K. Bitew, A. Bosco, L. Rinaldi, S. Grande, G. Cringoli, F. Pilla

“…As a result, 13 genes on 12 chromosomes and 10 genes on 11 different chromosomes were identified in the Comisana and Massese breed, respectively. …”
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An Efficient Genome Fragment Assembling Using GA with Neighborhood Aware Fitness Function by Satoko Kikuchi, Goutam Chakraborty

“…In the proposed GA, the length of the chromosome, which represents the volume of the search space, is reduced with advancing generations, and thereby improves search efficiency. …”
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Making the Final Cut — Mechanisms Mediating the Abscission Step of Cytokinesis by John A. Schiel, Rytis Prekeris

“…Cytokinesis begins in the early stages of anaphase after the positioning of the cleavage plane and after the chromosomes segregate. This involves the recruitment and assembly of an actomyosin contractile ring, which constricts the plasma membrane and compacts midzone microtubules to form an electron-dense region, termed the midbody, located within an intracellular bridge. …”
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Mathematical analysis and modeling of DNA segregation mechanisms by Bashar Ibrahim

“…The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is an evolutionarily mechanism that delays mitotic progression until all chromosomes are properly linked to the mitotic spindle. …”
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Cell Cycle Dynamics of the Nuclear Envelope by Roland Foisner

“…Nuclear reassembly after sister chromatid separation requires a timely coordinated and dephosphorylation-dependent association of lamin-binding proteins and lamins with chromosomal proteins and targeting of membranes to specific sites on chromosomes. …”
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Characterization of nuclear microsatellites in Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) with additional trans-specific analyses by Nicole Rodriguez Ortiz, Niharika Sharma, Tian-Xiong Zheng, James J. Campanella

“…We detected 18 polymorphic nuclear loci in M. polymorpha, amplifiable by PCR across all chromosomes. Additionally, trans-specific amplification of the eighteen loci was characterized in the closely related taxa Marchantia emarginata and Marchantia paleacea. …”
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Analysis of QTLs Associated with the Rice Quality Related Gene by Double Haploid Populations by Gyu-Ho Lee, Byung-Wook Yun, Kyung-Min Kim

“…Four of the QTLs associated with amylose content were detected on chromosomes 7 and 11. The index of coincidence for the QTLs related to amylose, protein, and lipid content was 70%, respectively. …”
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Finding p-Hub Median Locations: An Empirical Study on Problems and Solution Techniques by Xiaoqian Sun, Weibin Dai, Yu Zhang, Sebastian Wandelt

“…Genetic algorithms perform well for solving three types of single allocation problems, since the problem formulations can be neatly encoded with chromosomes of reasonable size. Lagrangian relaxation is the only technique that solves reliable multiple allocation problems in large networks. …”
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Simple Meets Single: The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells by Zixi Yin, Lingyi Chen

“…Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have only one set of chromosomes per cell, avoiding the issue of heterozygous recessive mutations in diploid cells. …”
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Evaluation of the genome in bird breeding by A. F. Yakovlev, N. V. Dement’eva

“…The existence of two categories of chromosomes (macro- and microchromosomes) with different rates of recombination, the preferred genomic females evaluation, rapid change of generations make their own features. …”
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