Successful treatment with efgartigimod as an add-on therapy for acute attack of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report by Huasheng Huang, Yizhi Wei, Huihui Qin, Guangshun Han, Jie Li

“…Reintroduction of efgartigimod led to rapid and significant clinical improvement, accompanied by a marked decrease in anti-NMDAR antibodies and serum IgG levels in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient remained relapse-free during a 2-month follow-up period. …”
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A Cost-benefit Analysis of Using Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel Sealant versus Fibrin Glue as a Dural Sealant for Posterior Fossa Surgery in the United States by Marissa J. Carter

“…**Background:** Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a well-known complication of posterior fossa neurosurgery. …”
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A Case of John Cunningham Virus Induced Rhombencephalitis after Rituximab Therapy for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura by Silpita Katragadda, Varshaa Koneru, Genevieve Devany, Aaron S. DeWitt, Vasudev H. Tati

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed right cerebellar lesion and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for JC virus. …”
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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection by Helen Kest, Ashlesha Kaushik, William DeBruin, Mario Colletti, David Goldberg

“…One patient had altered mental status with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings consistent with aseptic meningitis. …”
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Evaluating Neural Network Performance in Predicting Disease Status and Tissue Source of JC Polyomavirus from Patient Isolates Based on the Hypervariable Region of the Viral Genome by Aiden M. C. Pike, Saeed Amal, Melissa S. Maginnis, Michael P. Wilczek

“…Of the 63 sequences with unconfirmed tissue sources, eight samples were predicted as urine, 13 as blood, and 42 as cerebrospinal fluid. These models can improve viral sequence identification and provide insights into viral mutations and pathogenesis.…”
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Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report and Management of Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis by Gulsen Akkoc, Eda Kepenekli Kadayifci, Ayse Karaaslan, Serkan Atici, Nurhayat Yakut, Sevliya Ocal Demir, Ahmet Soysal, Mustafa Bakir

“…The diagnosis was made by EBV-DNA amplification in both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples. He was discharged with acyclovir therapy without any sequelae.…”
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Prevention of Foodborne Listeriosis by JM Farber, J Harwig, A Carter

“…Diagnosis of listeriosis usually requires isolation of the organism from sterile sites such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, placenta and meconium and gastric aspirates from neonates. …”
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A Rare Case of Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Child with a Congenital Heart Disease by Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Ujjwal Laghu, Raju Poudel, Konosuke Morimoto, Koya Ariyoshi

“…Lumbar puncture was done; opening pressure was high (27 cm H2O) and white blood cell (WBC) count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was slightly high. Gram staining, India ink preparation, and culture of CSF were negative. …”
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Germinoma with Involvement of Midline and Off-Midline Intracranial Structures by Monica Graciela Loto, Karina Danilowicz, Santiago González Abbati, Rafael Torino, Alejandro Misiunas

“…Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were negative in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) levels were slightly increased in CSF. …”
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Glioblastoma with Both Oligodendroglioma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor-Like Components in a Case with 9-Year Survival by Ying-Tso Chen, Shu-Shong Hsu, Chi-Man Yip, Ping-Hong Lai, Huai-Pao Lee

“…They are rare, and a few case reports have suggested that these tumors are associated with favorable outcomes but a higher risk of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. Conclusion. We report a patient who developed the distinct pathologic variants of classic GBM, GBM-O, and GBM-PNET, throughout the disease course. …”
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Secondary infections in COVID-19: Antemortem and postmortem culture study by Vandana V. Kiro, Meenakshi Sharma, Sharad Srivastava, Parin Lalwani, Richa Aggarwal, Kapil D. Soni, Rajesh Malhotra, Sanjeev Lalwani, Purva Mathur, Anjan Trikha

“…Results: A total of 170 samples were received from patients before their death, which included blood, urine, respiratory samples, pus, and cerebrospinal fluid. Forty-four pathogens were isolated, which consisted of Acinetobacter baumannii (43.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.3%), Escherichia coli (11.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Enterococcus faecium (4.5%). …”
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Laparoscopic Resection of Advanced Colorectal Cancer in a Patient with Lumboperitoneal Shunt by Toru Imagami, Satoru Takayama, Yohei Maeda, Ryohei Matsui, Masaki Sakamoto, Hisanori Kani

“…The number of patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt who require abdominal surgery has been increasing. …”
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Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Altered Mental Status in the Setting of Urosepsis and Hydrocephalus Secondary to an Occlusive Cyst of the Fourth Ventricle: A Case Report by Matthew Van Ligten, Miles Hudson, Jonathon J. Parker, Wayne A. Martini

“…The acute management involved empirical antibiotic therapy for associated sepsis, followed by the placement of an external ventricular drain for cerebrospinal fluid diversion and sampling, including cytology and cell counts, given the concern for tonsillar herniation with a lumbar puncture. …”
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Pentraxin 3: a novel biomarker in pediatric central nervous system infections by Huda El-Kady, Mona Gamal Mostafa, Shaimaa Madkour

“…Our study was designed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PTX3 levels in pediatric patients with different central nervous system (CNS) infections. …”
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Optic nerve sheath diameter remains constant during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. by Philip Verdonck, Alain F Kalmar, Koen Suy, Thomas Geeraerts, Marcel Vercauteren, Alex Mottrie, Andre M De Wolf, Jan F A Hendrickx

“…A non-invasive method, the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement, may warn us that the mechanism of protective cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shifts becomes exhausted.<h4>Methods</h4>After obtaining IRB approval and written informed consent, ONSD was measured by ocular ultrasound in 20 ASA I-II patients at various stages of the RALRP procedure: baseline awake, after induction, after applying the CO2PP, during head-down position, after resuming the supine position, in the postoperative anaesthesia care unit, and on day one postoperatively. …”
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Elevated Osteopontin Levels in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease by Yuan Sun, Xue Song Yin, Hong Guo, Rong Kun Han, Rui Dong He, Li Jun Chi

“…However, the function of OPN in AD and MCI progression is not well defined. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were obtained from 35 AD patients, 31 MCI patients, and 20 other noninflammatory neurologic diseases (OND). …”
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The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma: microRNA Nanocarriers for Disease Progression and Gene Therapy by Natalia Simionescu, Radu Zonda, Anca Roxana Petrovici, Adriana Georgescu

“…Numerous studies have attempted to identify EV-associated miRNA biomarkers in serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, but their collective findings fail to identify reliable biomarkers that can be applied in clinical settings. …”
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Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis in a Young Immunocompetent Adult without Rash: A Misleading Clinical Presentation by Thomas Pasedag, Karin Weissenborn, Ulrich Wurster, Tina Ganzenmueller, Martin Stangel, Thomas Skripuletz

“…The clinical examination did not show any neurological deficits or rash. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed a high leukocyte cell count of 1720 cells/µL and an elevated total protein of 1460 mg/L misleadingly indicating a bacterial infection. …”
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Diagnosed after Switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod by Tim Sinnecker, Jalal Othman, Marc Kühl, Imke Metz, Thoralf Niendorf, Annett Kunkel, Friedemann Paul, Jens Wuerfel, Juergen Faiss

“…We report a MS patient in whom PML was highly suspected solely based on MRI findings after switching from NTZ to fingolimod despite repeatedly negative (ultrasensitive) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. The PML diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed by brain biopsy. …”
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Genetic Diversity of Human Enterovirus in Kazakhstan, during 2022 by Dinara Kamalova, Assel Akhmetova, Asylulan Amirgazin, Igor Sytnik, Viktoriya Rudenko, Gulzhan Yessimkhanova, Dinagul Bayesheva, Sergey Yegorov, Alexander Shevtsov

“…Limited data are available on the enteroviral subtypes associated with hospitalization for these conditions in Kazakhstan. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NSW) from children (N = 152, median age = 8 years) hospitalized with symptoms of aseptic meningitis (AM, N = 139) or herpangina (HA, N = 13) disease. …”
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