Mapping evidence on cryptococcal antigen infection among HIV-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa- A scoping review protocol. by Khululiwe Dlamini, Boitumelo Moetlhoa, Astrid Turner, Kuhlula Maluleke, Tivani Mashamba-Thompson

“…<h4>Introduction</h4>Infections of the central nervous system are a considerable basis of mortality in people living with HIV, with progression to cryptococcal meningitis documented at around 15% of HIV-associated mortality globally, with nearly three-quarters occurring in the sub-Saharan Africa. …”
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Gut–brain axis and neuropsychiatric health: recent advances by Ceymi Doenyas, Gerard Clarke, Renáta Cserjési

“…Abstract The gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway, permits the central nervous system (CNS) to exert influence over gastrointestinal function in response to stress, while the gut microbiota regulates the CNS via immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. …”
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Stress induced experimental colitis by T. A. Stein, L. Keegan, L.-J. Auguste, B. Bailey, L. Wise

“…Stress induces chemical changes in the central nervous system which alters the biochemistry and physiology of the digestive tract. …”
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Functional analysis of conserved C. elegans bHLH family members uncovers lifespan control by a peptidergic hub neuron. by G Robert Aguilar, Berta Vidal, Hongzhu Ji, Joke Evenblij, Chien-Po Liao, Hongfei Ji, Giulio Valperga, Christopher Fang-Yen, Oliver Hobert

“…We analyze here the function of 5 Caenorhabditis elegans bHLH genes, falling into 3 phylogenetically conserved subfamilies, which are continuously expressed in a very small number of postmitotic neurons in the central nervous system. We show (a) that 2 orthologs of the vertebrate bHLHe22/e23 genes, called hlh-17 and hlh-32, function redundantly to specify the identity of a single head interneuron class (AUA), as well as an individual motor neuron (VB2); (b) that the PTF1a ortholog hlh-13 acts as a terminal selector to control terminal differentiation and function of the sole octopaminergic neuron class in C. elegans, RIC; and (c) that the NHLH1/2 ortholog hlh-15 controls terminal differentiation and function of the peptidergic AVK head interneuron class, a known neuropeptidergic signaling hub in the animal. …”
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Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery by Luke R. Jackson, Anna Erickson, Kevin Camphausen, Andra V. Krauze

“…Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary central nervous system malignancy with a median survival of 15–20 months. …”
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Validated HPLC Methodology for Pregabalin Quantification in Human Urine Using 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene Derivatization by Mohamedsaid mostafa Said Mostafa, Hosam Abdel Fattah Mohamed Elshebiny, Olfat Elsayed Mostafa, Shimaa Talaat Elsayed, Mohamed Abdelizm Abdelaziz

“… Pregabalin (PGB) is a synthetic drug used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and neuropathic pain. PGB is metabolized to N-Methyl pregabalin while the rest is excreted virtually unchanged in the urine. …”
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Optic Chiasmitis as an Isolated Manifestation of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease – a Case Report by Nina Barankiewicz-Tyc, Karolina Kania, Wojciech Kozubski

“…After a wide-ranging diagnostic process, the patient was diagnosed with an isolated optic chiasmitis in the course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, which is a rare, monophasic or relapsing, antibody-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Conclusions It is crucial to remember that parasellar tumours are not the only cause of bitemporal hemianopsia. …”
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Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in CNS injury: molecular insights and therapeutic approaches by Dmitriy Lapin, Archna Sharma, Ping Wang

“…Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), are a significant global burden. …”
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Activation of Wnt/β-catenin in neural progenitor cells regulates blood–brain barrier development and promotes neuroinflammation by Dylan J. Sebo, Irshad Ali, Audrey R. Fetsko, Aubrey A. Trimbach, Michael R. Taylor

“…Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) requires specialized blood vessels to support neural function within specific microenvironments. …”
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Hypernatremia in patients with neurological conditions in critical state by David Wilfredo Suàrez Prieto, Mairen Pèrez Fuentes, Elaine Teresa Gutièrrez Pèrez

“…<p><strong>Background:</strong> sodium disorders are the most common and least understood in patients with acute brain injury due to the major role played by the central nervous system in regulating sodium and water homeostasis, which can lead to serious complications and adverse outcomes, including death.…”
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Unraveling the PVTGlu-mPFCGlu circuit: A new frontier in chronic pain management for bone cancer pain by Liqun Duan, Qianliang Wang, Jianpeng Chen, Zelin Fan, Wenzhi Zhang, Jun Yan

“…Depending upon clinical observations, the administration of centrally acting analgesic has been associated with the alleviation of pain symptoms BCP patients. Central nervous system sensitization performs a crucial role in pain-regulating perception in BCP. …”
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Behavioral phenotyping of mice deficient for tumor necrosis factor by D. V. Fursenko, N. V. Khotskin, V. A. Kulikov, A. V. Kulikov

“…The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine exerting both homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been demonstrated that TNF plays roles in such diseases as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. …”
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Staging model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Singapore by Yuan Teck Tay, Josiah YH Chai, Kamilah Bte Shekh Jabin, Kexin Ang

“…In this retrospective cohort study, clinical milestones used for staging were identical to King’s staging: stage 1 corresponded to symptom onset; stage 2A corresponded to diagnosis; stage 2B corresponded to two central nervous system (CNS) regions; stage 3B corresponded to three CNS regions; stage 4A corresponded to requirement of supportive enteric feeding; and stage 4B corresponded to requirement of non-invasive ventilation, of which bulbar, diaphragmatic, upper and lower limb pyramidal involvements each constituted one CNS region. …”
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Hepatic encephalopathy: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment by Ch. S. Pavlov, I. V. Damulin, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Involvement of the central nervous system at liver failure is the major problem from the point of view of duly and correct diagnostics, treatment, and social adaptation of patients. …”
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Neurological damages in COVID‐19 patients: Mechanisms and preventive interventions by Sibani Sarkar, Subhajit Karmakar, Malini Basu, Pratyasha Ghosh, Mrinal K Ghosh

“…So, COVID‐19 associated damage to the central nervous system, patients need special care to prevent multi‐organ failure at later stages of disease progression. …”
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a Multisystem Pathology: Insights into the Role of TNFα by Massimo Tortarolo, Daniele Lo Coco, Pietro Veglianese, Antonio Vallarola, Maria Teresa Giordana, Gabriella Marcon, Ettore Beghi, Marco Poloni, Michael J. Strong, Anand M. Iyer, Eleonora Aronica, Caterina Bendotti

“…The pleiotropic cytokine TNFα is one of the major players governing the inflammation in the central nervous system and peripheral districts such as the neuromuscular and immune system. …”
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The Beneficial Effect of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Cells in Inhibition of Inflammation and Induction of Neuronal Repair in EAE Mice by Jun Shu, Xiaojuan He, Hong Li, Xue Liu, Xuemei Qiu, Tongliang Zhou, Ping Wang, Xiaojie Huang

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there is still lack of curative treatment for MS. …”
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Collective Housing of Mice of Different Age Groups before Maturity Affects Mouse Behavior by Hiroshi Ueno, Shunsuke Suemitsu, Shinji Murakami, Naoya Kitamura, Kenta Wani, Yu Takahashi, Yosuke Matsumoto, Motoi Okamoto, Takeshi Ishihara

“…Since the development of the central nervous system continues to occur before sexual maturation, the stress of social ranking formation among male individuals in mixed housing conditions can affect postmaturation behavior. …”
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Clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma with neurological involvement: highlighting longitudinally extensive myelopathy as a disti... by Jiraporn Jitprapaikulsan, Ekdanai Uawithya, Palakorn Lertsakworakul, Weerapat Owatthanapanich

“…Clinical data, laboratory values and central nervous system imaging results were analysed. Categorical variables were compared using the χ² or Fisher’s exact test, while continuous variables were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate.Results Of the 30 patients with IVLBCL, 10 had neurological involvement and 20 without neurological symptoms, including myelopathy (5 patients, 50%); cognitive impairment (3 patients, 30%); seizures (2 patients, 20%); optic neuropathy, hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopia, vertigo and global aphasia (each affecting 1 patient, 10%). 60% of IVLBCL with neurological involvement had systemic symptoms, including prolonged fever, anaemia, anorexia and weight loss. …”
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Penetration of linezolid and tedizolid in cerebrospinal fluid of mouse and impact of blood–brain barrier disruption by Marin Lahouati, Mélanie Oudart, Philippe Alzieu, Candice Chapouly, Antoine Petitcollin, Fabien Xuereb

“…Abstract Penetration of antimicrobial treatments into the cerebrospinal fluid is essential to successfully treat infections of the central nervous system. This penetration is hindered by different barriers, including the blood–brain barrier, which is the most impermeable. …”
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