Intrathecal Immunoglobulin A Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis: From Biological Aspects to Clinical Relevance by Dariia Kliushnikova, Ferdinand Otto, Georg Pilz, Peter Wipfler, Andrea Harrer

“…Recent observations, however, highlight the migration of immune regulatory IgA-producing plasma cells from the gut to the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental autoimmune encephalitis models. …”
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The effect of space flight on genes expression in brain by A. S. Tsybko, T. V. Ilchibaeva, N. K. Popova

“…Thus, the data obtained from the flight of the Bion-M1 biosatellite for the first time allowed for creating a molecular genetic basis for the currently known neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptation of the central nervous system to the state of weightlessness.…”
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High-Risk Microgranular Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with a Five-Way Complex Translocation Involving PML-RARA by Benjamin Powers, Diane Persons, Deepthi Rao, Janet Woodroof, Tara L. Lin

“…Given his elevated white blood cell count at presentation, intrathecal chemotherapy for central nervous system prophylaxis was also given. The patient remains on maintenance therapy and remains in remission. …”
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Role of the Mucin-2 and Kaiso genes in the social behavior of mice by E. N. Kozhevnikova, K. M. Achasova, V. S. Korostina, E. B. Prokhortchouk, E. A. Litvinova

“…Inflammatory processes in the gut lead to abnormal­ities in various systems of the body, in particular, to changes in the activity of the central nervous system. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not yet known, it has been demonstrated that intestinal inflammation is associated with anxiety and depression. …”
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Impact of Microbiota on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pathogenesis and Management: A Narrative Review by Mhd Bashir Almonajjed, Mahdi Wardeh, Abdallah Atlagh, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Stefan-Lucian Popa, Flaviu Rusu, Dan L. Dumitrascu

“…The gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the gut and central nervous system, plays a central role in the development of IBS symptoms. …”
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The role of microRNAs in learning and long-term memory by L. N. Grinkevich

“…MicroRNAs are widely represented in the central nervous system. A large number of studies are currently being conducted to investigate the role of microRNAs in the brain functioning. …”
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The impact of gut microbiome on neuro-autoimmune demyelinating diseases by Pouria Abolfazli, Cristina Nkene Apue Nchama, Brandon Lucke-Wold

“…Gut dysbiosis promotes the generation of proinflammatory Th17 cells, contributing to blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. In MS, an increased presence of Th17 cells correlates with disease severity, accompanied by elevated levels of Streptococcus and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. …”
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Analysis of Connectivity in Electromyography Signals to Examine Neural Correlations in the Activation of Lower Leg Muscles for Postural Stability: A Pilot Study by Gordon Alderink, Diana McCrumb, David Zeitler, Samhita Rhodes

“…In quiet standing, the central nervous system implements a pre-programmed ankle strategy of postural control to maintain upright balance and stability. …”
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Diagnosed after Switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod by Tim Sinnecker, Jalal Othman, Marc Kühl, Imke Metz, Thoralf Niendorf, Annett Kunkel, Friedemann Paul, Jens Wuerfel, Juergen Faiss

“…Natalizumab- (NTZ-) associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe and often disabling infectious central nervous system disease that can become evident in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients after NTZ discontinuation. …”
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Enhanced dynorphin expression and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells under hyperglycemic conditions by Miranda Movahed, Ruy A. Louzada, Manuel Blandino-Rosano

“…Objective: Dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and involved in stress response, pain, and addiction, has intrigued researchers due to its expression in pancreatic β-cells. …”
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Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke by Ligia S. B. Boisserand, Tomonobu Kodama, Jérémie Papassin, Rachel Auzely, Anaïck Moisan, Claire Rome, Olivier Detante

“…Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds, or a mix of both with the aim of providing polymers with specific properties. …”
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Disseminated Cerebrospinal Embryonal Tumor in the Adult by Alessandro Caporlingua, Daniele Armocida, Federico Caporlingua, Gennaro Lapadula, Grazia Maria Elefante, Manila Antonelli, Maurizio Salvati

“…According to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, the term Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor has been replaced by the term Embryonal Tumor (ET). …”
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A Challenging Case of Oral Ulcers and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Crohn’s or Behçet’s Disease by Marina A. S. Dantas, Ana Luiza Graneiro, Rodrigo Cavalcante, Lina Maria Felipez

“…Given endoscopic findings and the worsening of an auto-inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system after COVID-19 in a patient with controlled GI symptoms, the most likely diagnosis is BD.…”
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Neuronal Mechanisms in Temporal Coding: A Further Look at Neuronal Oscillations by Rémy Lestienne

“…Many studies in recent years have been devoted to the detection of fast oscillations in the Central Nervous System (CNS), interpreting them as synchronizing devices. …”
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The Effect of Audible Joint Manipulation Sounds in the Upper Cervical Spine on Brain Wave and Autonomic Nervous System Activity by Dalton Whitman, Rob Sillevis, Matthew Frommelt

“…Conclusions: The presence of an audible manipulation sound is not required to produce central nervous system changes following an HVLA cervical manipulation; however, the audible manipulation sound does prolong the effects of brainwave activity, indicating a prolonged relaxation effect.…”
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Prior Exposure to Immunosuppressors Sensitizes Retinal Microglia and Accelerates Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish by Ilse Bollaerts, Jessie Van houcke, An Beckers, Kim Lemmens, Sophie Vanhunsel, Lies De Groef, Lieve Moons

“…As adult mammals lack the capacity to replace or repair damaged neurons, degeneration and trauma (and subsequent dysfunction) of the central nervous system (CNS) seriously constrains the patient’s life quality. …”
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Brain-Specific Increase in Leukotriene Signaling Accompanies Chronic Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Model of Gulf War Illness by Sahithi Attaluri, Raghavendra Upadhya, Maheedhar Kodali, Leelavathi N. Madhu, Dinesh Upadhya, Bing Shuai, Ashok K. Shetty

“…Persistent cognitive impairment is a primary central nervous system-related symptom in veterans afflicted with chronic Gulf War Illness (GWI). …”
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Palmitoylethanolamide Is a Disease-Modifying Agent in Peripheral Neuropathy: Pain Relief and Neuroprotection Share a PPAR-Alpha-Mediated Mechanism by L. Di Cesare Mannelli, G. D'Agostino, A. Pacini, R. Russo, M. Zanardelli, C. Ghelardini, A. Calignano

“…Neuropathic syndromes which are evoked by lesions to the peripheral or central nervous system are extremely difficult to treat, and available drugs rarely joint an antihyperalgesic with a neurorestorative effect. …”
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Elevated Blood Ammonia Level Is a Potential Biological Risk Factor of Behavioral Disorders in Prisoners by Yunfeng Duan, Xiaoli Wu, Shan Liang, Feng Jin

“…Hydrothion (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) can be toxic for the human central nervous system and cause psychological disturbances and behavioral disorders. …”
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Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and c-Abl Signaling: At the Crossroad in Neurodegenerative Diseases? by Stefania Gonfloni, Emiliano Maiani, Claudia Di Bartolomeo, Marc Diederich, Gianni Cesareni

“…Studies in mouse models have shown that the kinases of the c-Abl family play a role in the development of the central nervous system. Recent reports show that aberrant c-Abl activation causes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the forebrain of transgenic adult mice. …”
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