The Mechanism of Metabolic Influences on the Endogenous GLP-1 by Oral Antidiabetic Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Thiquynhnga Nguyen, Min Gong, Song Wen, Xinlu Yuan, Chaoxun Wang, Jianlan Jin, Ligang Zhou

“…In this review, we discuss the metabolic relationships between oral antihyperglycemic drugs from the aspect of gut, microbiota, hormones, β cell function, central nervous system, and other cellular mechanisms.…”
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Whole organism and tissue-specific analysis of pexophagy in Drosophila by Francesco G. Barone, Marco Marcello, Sylvie Urbé, Natalia Sanchez-Soriano, Michael J. Clague

“…Specific drivers were used to visualize pexophagy in neurons, and to demonstrate that specific depletion in the larval central nervous system of Hsc70-5, the Drosophila homologue of the chaperone HSPA9/mortalin, led to a substantial elevation in pexophagy.…”
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Primary Gliosarcoma of the Cerebellum in a Young Pregnant Woman: Management Challenges and Immunohistochemical Features by Marco Meloni, Salvatore Serra, Giulia Bellisano, Nikolaos Syrmos, Sanjeeva Jeyaretna, Mario Ganau

“…Gliosarcoma (GS) represents a rare, high-grade (WHO Grade IV), central nervous system neoplasm, characterized by a very poor prognosis. …”
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Recurrent CSPs after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Restless Legs Syndrome by Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen, Hannu Lauerma, Seppo Kähkönen, Juha Markkula, Ilpo Rimpiläinen

“…Further research is needed to clarify the role of the intramuscular recording technique and especially the role of the subcortical generators in the feedback regulation of the central nervous system in RLS.…”
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Chemokine Expression in Human Astrocytes in Response to Shiga Toxin 2 by Naomi Kioka, Koichi Minami, Akira Tamura, Norishige Yoshikawa

“…Approximately, 30% of patients with HUS suffer from complications in the central nervous system (CNS), which is an important determinant of mortality in such patients. …”
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High-Affinity Detection of Alpha-Synuclein by Aptamer-Gold Conjugates on an Amine-Modified Dielectric Surface by Xuemei You, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Dingan Li

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive health issue and influences an increasingly larger number of people, especially at older ages, affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Alpha-synuclein is a biomarker closely correlated with the CNS and PD. …”
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Learning a Second Language in Adulthood Changes Subcortical Neural Encoding by Dongxin Liu, Shuo Wang, Qi Gao, Ruijuan Dong, Xinxing Fu, Esther Pugh, Jiong Hu

“…Second language learning has been shown to impact and reshape the central nervous system, anatomically and functionally. Most of the studies on second language learning and neuroplasticity have been focused on cortical areas, whereas the subcortical neural encoding mechanism and its relationship with L2 learning have not been examined extensively. …”
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The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review by Xia-qing Wang, Tahmineh Mokhtari, Yu-xuan Zeng, Lu-peng Yue, Li Hu

“…In the present report, we have reviewed the analgesic effects of different dopamine receptors, particularly D1 and D2 receptors, in different regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). …”
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PET Study in a Patient with Spinocerebellar Degeneration before and after Long-Term Administration of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone by H. Tanji, H. Nagasawa, T. Hayashi, H. Onodera, T. Fujiwara, M. Itoh, T. Ido, Y. Itoyama

“…We speculate that the chronic effect of TRH was not necessarily due to an improvement of cerebellar function, because TRH receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system.…”
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Sintilimab for treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by human polyomavirus 2 virus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a case re... by Xuelian Jin, Xushu Zhong, Qinyu Liu, Xinchuan Chen

“…Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system. It is caused by infection with human polyomavirus 2 and has a poor prognosis. …”
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Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome due to Rhabdomyolysis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome following Cardiogenic Shock by Kosuke Katano, Nozomi Fuse, Yoshitaka Asano, Kimihiro Osada, Akira Miyabe, Ryuma Ishihara, Atsushi Tosaka, Yuriko Satoh, Masako Maeda, Taisuke Mizumura, Akio Oshima, Toshitake Tamamura, Yoichi Sugimura

“…Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a relatively rare disease that causes rapid demyelination, resulting in pontine and central nervous system damage with various symptoms, including impaired consciousness. …”
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A Tanzanian Boy with Molecularly Confirmed X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy by M. C. J. Dekker, A. M. Sadiq, R. Mc Larty, R. M. Mbwasi, M. A. A. P. Willemsen, H. R. Waterham, B. C. Hamel

“…In a boy with features of a progressive central nervous system condition and adrenal failure, ABCD1 gene screening was performed based on a clinical history and basic radiological features which were compatible with ALD. …”
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Neuromuscular and structural tendon adaptations after 6 weeks of either concentric or eccentric exercise in individuals with non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy: protocol for a r... by Deborah Falla, Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Ignacio Contreras-Hernandez

“…Introduction There is limited evidence on the neural strategies employed by the central nervous system to control muscle force in the presence of non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy (NIAT). …”
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Severe Cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Northeastern Poland by Justyna Adamczuk, Magdalena Chlabicz, Natalia Koda, Maciej Kondrusik, Joanna Zajkowska, Piotr Czupryna, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska

“…Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most prevalent viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in Poland. The disease is characterized by the presence of two stages. …”
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A Concurrent Cognitive Task Does Not Perturb Quiet Standing in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Omid Rasouli, Egil A. Fors, Ottar Vasseljen, Ann-Katrin Stensdotter

“…Fatigue as well as pain may require greater effort to perform cognitive tasks, thereby increasing the load on processing in the central nervous system and interfering with motor control. …”
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Associated Bleeding Risks: A Narrative and Clinical Review by Amber N. Edinoff, Keerthiga Raveendran, Marc A. Colon, Bennett H. Thomas, Katie A. Trettin, Grace W. Hunt, Adam M. Kaye, Elyse M. Cornett, Alan D. Kaye

“…A leading hypothesis of the pathophysiology of MDD is the monoamine deficiency hypothesis which suggests that depression is caused by depletion of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the central nervous system. Serotonin is the most widely studied neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of depression, with studies showing that reduced central serotonin synthesis leads to depressive symptoms in individuals at risk for depression. …”
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Prediction of Survival Outcomes in Patients with Glioma Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Mingfang Hu, Jinge Li, Zhangyu Li, Jian Shen

“…Background: Glioma is the most common malignancy in the central nervous system. Even with optimal therapies, glioblastoma (the most aggressive form of glioma) is incurable, with only 26.5% of patients having a 2-year survival rate. …”
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Visual Features in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Overview by María Alejandra Cerquera-Jaramillo, Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa, Rodrigo E. González-Reyes, Carlos Tellez-Conti, Alejandra de-la-Torre

“…The visual system and central nervous system share many functional components. Thus, it is plausible that damage induced by Aβ, tau, and neuroinflammation may be observed in visual components such as the retina, even at an early disease stage. …”
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Laboratory biomarkers for multiple sclerosis and their role in clinical practice by I. Navickaitë, G. Žemgulytė, R. Balnytė

“… Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) most commonly diagnosed in young adults. …”
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Role of aquaporins in brain water transport and edema by Yuyuan Li, Yining Wang, Xingda Huang, Hao Zhang, Youfei Guan, Xiaoyan Zhang

“…Water serves as the primary substance in all living cells and is an essential molecule involved in numerous biological processes critical for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Disruptions in water balance can occur in conditions such as cerebral edema, where fluid accumulation results in increased intracranial pressure (ICP). …”
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