A Neural Correlate of Predicted and Actual Reward-Value Information in Monkey Pedunculopontine Tegmental and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus during Saccade Tasks by Ken-ichi Okada, Kae Nakamura, Yasushi Kobayashi

“…Dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, the main modulators of the central nervous system, have been proposed to play important roles in the execution of movement, control of several forms of attentional behavior, and reinforcement learning. …”
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D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems by Yoshimitsu Kiriyama, Hiromi Nochi

“…Aberrant receptor activity is related to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia. …”
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The link between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Literature review by A. Kubiliūtė, R. Liutkevičienė

“… Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis are connected via processes of demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Immuno-modulated myelin sheathing and axonal loss causing irreversible neurological dysfunction can be found in both pathologies. …”
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Viloxazine, a Non-stimulant Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A 3 Year Update by Hannah W Haddad, Paul B. Hankey, Jimin Ko, Zahaan Eswani, Pravjit Bhatti, Amber N. Edinoff, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…Current treatment options for ADHD include pharmacological treatment (stimulants, non-stimulants, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics), psychological treatment (behavioral therapy with or without parent training, cognitive training, neurofeedback), and complementary and alternative therapies (vitamin supplementation, exercise). Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are the primary pharmacological therapy used in treatment; however, these stimulant drugs carry a high potential for abuse and severe psychological/physical dependence. …”
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Advancements in the Use of Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine: Properties and Biomedical Applications by Andrea Revete, Andrea Aparicio, Bruno A. Cisterna, Javier Revete, Luis Luis, Ernesto Ibarra, Edwin A. Segura González, Jay Molino, Diego Reginensi

“…This reason presents them as an exciting alternative to highly complex human physiological problems, such as injuries to the central nervous system and neurodegenerative disease.…”
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New Diagnostics for Fungal Infections in Transplant Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review by Apurva Akkad, Neha Nanda

“…We further discuss their syndrome-specific utilization in the diagnosis of fungemia and disseminated disease, pneumonia, and central nervous system infections. We assess the level of evidence of their utility as fungal diagnostics particularly in solid organ transplant recipients using the STARD criteria. …”
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Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Lassa Virus: Case Series Report by Peter O. Okokhere, Idowu A. Bankole, Christopher O. Iruolagbe, Benard E. Muoebonam, Martha O. Okonofua, Simeon O. Dawodu, George O. Akpede

“…The features of severe clinical disease may include bleeding and/or central nervous system manifestations. Whereas Lassa fever encephalopathy and encephalitis are well described in the literature, there is paucity of data on Lassa virus meningitis. …”
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Fibromyalgia: Presentation and Management with a Focus on Pharmacological Treatment by Janice E Sumpton, Dwight E Moulin

“…However, recent research supports underlying abnormalities in the central nervous system, which supports fibromyalgia as a chronic disease state and valid clinical entity. …”
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade by Yu Li, Yuzuru Kamei, Miki Kambe, Katsumi Ebisawa, Mayumi Oishi, Keisuke Takanari

“…Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. …”
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency due to Chlorofluorocarbon: A Case Report by Hemlata Bhaskar, Rekha Chaudhary

“…Vitamin B12 is vital for optimal functioning of various organ systems but more importantly the central nervous system and the hematological system. Deficiency of vitamin B12 clinically manifests as excessive daytime fatigue, memory difficulties, encephalopathy, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. …”
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Herpes Simplex Type 1 Encephalitis Restricted to the Brainstem in a Pediatric Patient by Juliana Harumi Arita, Jaime Lin, Mirella Maccarini Peruchi, Marcelo Masruha Rodrigues, Luiz Celso Pereira Vilanova

“…Herpes simplex encephalitis is a potentially fatal infection of central nervous system that typically involves frontal and temporal lobes. …”
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Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Andrea Stoccoro

“…This review aims to provide an overview of sex differences in epigenetic mechanisms, the role of sex-specific epigenetic processes in the central nervous system, and the main evidence of sex-specific epigenetic alterations in three neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. …”
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CoTF-reg reveals cooperative transcription factors in oligodendrocyte gene regulation using single-cell multi-omics by Jerome J. Choi, John Svaren, Daifeng Wang

“…Abstract Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells within the central nervous system, but the mechanisms by which transcription factors (TFs) cooperate for gene regulation in oligodendrocytes remain unclear. …”
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Peripheral Mechanisms of Symptom Generation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Stephen M Collins

“…There is considerable interest in the mechanisms that underlie symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and particularly those mechanisms peripheral to higher centres in the nervous system. While the central nervous system is important in IBS, it is restricted largely to the role of behaviour in stress perception and symptom reporting. …”
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Methamphetamine Use: A Narrative Review of Adverse Effects and Related Toxicities by Amber N. Edinoff, Sarah E. Kaufman, Keionne M. Green, Daniel A. Provenzano, Jesse Lawson, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…Methamphetamine-related myocardial infarction can also occur. Central nervous system symptoms include agitation, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, and seizures. …”
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Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury by Jing Qu, Huanxiang Zhang

“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous pathological processes of central nervous system (CNS) impairments, which is still beyond functional regeneration. …”
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Cholecystokinin facilitates the formation of long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in the distal subiculum by Fengwen Huang, Abdul Baset, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Xi Chen, Jufang He

“…Cholecystokinin (CCK), is the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system, which broadly regulates the animal’s physiological status at multiple levels, including neuroplasticity and its behavioral consequences. …”
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Spinal Cord Injury and Bladder Dysfunction: New Ideas about an Old Problem by Célia Duarte Cruz, Francisco Cruz

“…Control of the lower urinary tract (LUT) requires complex neuronal circuits that involve elements located at the peripheral nervous system and at different levels of the central nervous system. Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts these neuronal circuits and jeopardizes the voluntary control of bladder function. …”
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Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: From Genetics to Pharmacotherapy by Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Jianwen Deng, Weiping Sun, Zhaoxia Wang

“…ABSTRACT Introduction Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a type of cerebrovascular abnormality in the central nervous system linked to both germline and somatic genetic mutations. …”
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Chronic cough as a disease by Richard D. Turner, Surinder S. Birring

“…Newer clinical guidelines in essence consider chronic cough as a disease in itself, resulting from afferent neuronal hypersensitivity and central nervous system dysfunction. Secondary factors which aggravate chronic cough (smoking, asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux, etc.) are better considered as treatable traits associated with the primary disease process rather than direct “causes” of cough. …”
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