Postural Synergies and Their Development by Mark L. Latash, Vijaya Krishnamoorthy, John P. Scholz, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky

“…This approach, the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis, is based on an assumption that the central nervous system organizes covariation of elemental variables to stabilize important performance variables in a task-specific manner. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Potential Inducers of Antineoplastic Effects in CNS Tumors by Lars Tatenhorst, Eric Hahnen, Michael T. Heneka

“…In recent years it turned out that natural as well as synthetic PPAR agonists exhibit profound antineoplastic as well as redifferentiation effects in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still emerging, with partially controverse findings reported by a number of studies dealing with the influence of PPARs on treatment of tumor cells in vitro. …”
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Pain Mechanism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokines to Central Sensitization by Yanting Cao, Danping Fan, Yiqing Yin

“…Current research showed that, in addition to inflammation, RA pain involves peripheral sensitization and abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) pain regulatory mechanisms. This review summarized the literature on pain mechanisms of RA published in recent years. …”
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Case report: special imaging features in a uremic patient with intracranial infection caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica, almost misdiagnosed as demyelinating disease by Hanxin Kong, Hao Ying, Jianhong Yang

“…In this case report, we present a case of human central nervous system infection caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica, which was initially misdiagnosed as demyelinating disease due to the specific imaging findings. …”
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Research progress on the mechanisms of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease by Jiayuan Li, Ting Liu, Shengxi Meng

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the elderly.The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is identified as the most significant genetic factor associated with AD.This article reviews current findings on the relationship between ApoE and AD, the impact of APOE gene polymorphisms on AD, the interaction between ApoE and other pathogenic factors, and the role of ApoE in AD.Additionally, it discusses the diagnosis and treatment of AD to enhance the understanding of its pathogenesis and to provide new perspectives for the prevention and management of the disease.…”
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One in a Million: A Case Report of Stiff Person Syndrome by Ruchi Yadav, Neeraj Abrol, Sima Terebelo

“…Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by lack of inhibition to excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to inappropriate motor unit firing. …”
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The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Optic Nerve Head Edema: A Narrative Review by Narges Karrabi, Sadid Hooshmandi, Alireza Amirabadi, Danial Roshandel, Kiana Hassanpour, Mohammad Pakravan

“…Optic nerve head (ONH) edema is a clinical manifestation of many ocular and systemic disorders. Ocular and central nervous system imaging has been used to differentiate the underlying cause of ONH edema and monitor the disease course. …”
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Pediatric progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy presenting with neuroregression in a child with newly diagnosed HIV by Payal Keswaani, Shreya Chauhan, Praveen Kumar

“…Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy is a rare demyelinating condition of the central nervous system that results from infection with human polyomavirus 2 commonly referred to as the John Cunningham virus (JCV). …”
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Systemic Relapse in a Young Adult Patient with Primary CNS Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Adam Khorasanchi, Zachary Benson, Misty Hall, Nelya Ebadirad, Mohammad H. Gharavi, Patrick Willard, Miranda Chimzar, John McKay, Gary Simmons, Victor Yazbeck

“…Primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, characterized by an aggressive disease course. …”
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Meckel Gruber Syndrome- A Case Report And Review of Literature by Sümeyra Nergiz, Selda Demircan Sezer, Sündüz Özlem Altınkaya, Mert Küçük, Hasan Yüksel

“…MGS is characterized by three main symptoms: central nervous system (CNS) malformations, tetramelic postaxial polydactyly and cystic renal dysplasia with associated fibrocystic changes of the liver, pancreas and epididymis. …”
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A tale of the nail: post-traumatic brain abscess from impalement injury by Eyitayo Alabi, Afolashade Saka, Edward Jolayemi, Bamidele Adebayo, Okezie Obasi Kanu

“…The management of impalement injuries to the brain presents peculiar challenges due to their complexities, associated neurological disruptions and impairments, and the risk of central nervous system infection. Cerebral abscess is a rare but potentially devastating complication of cranial impalement injuries often associated with late presentations and cases receiving suboptimal treatment. …”
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Hodological patterning as an organizing principle in vertebrate motor circuitry by Joel C. Glover

“…Hodological patterning refers to developmental mechanisms that link the location of neurons in the brain or spinal cord to specific axonal trajectories that direct connectivity to synaptic targets either within the central nervous system or in the periphery. In vertebrate motor circuits, hodological patterning has been demonstrated at different levels, from the final motor output of somatic and preganglionic autonomic neurons targeting peripheral motoneurons and ganglion cells, to premotor inputs from spinal and brainstem neuron populations targeting the somatic motoneurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons, to cortical neurons that delegate movement commands to the brainstem and spinal neurons. …”
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Primary Dural Lymphoma: Clinical Cases and Literature Review by M. Dobran, R. Paracino, F. Mancini, D. Nasi

“…Primary dural lymphoma (PDL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all central nervous system lymphomas. Primary dural lymphoma grows from the dura mater, and it is often diagnosed as meningioma or acute subdural hematoma due to its radiological characteristics. …”
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Regulatory mechanism of Reelin activity: a platform for exploiting Reelin as a therapeutic agent by Mitsuharu Hattori

“…A complete understanding of Reelin function and its regulatory mechanisms in the adult central nervous system could help ameliorate neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.…”
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Extrapontine Myelinolysis of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Case of Postoperative Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst by Peng Zhao, Xuyi Zong, Xinsheng Wang, Yazhuo Zhang

“…The extrapontine myelinolysis of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a well-known but uncommon disorder of the central nervous system. Although the mechanism is not fully understood and the treatment is controversial, hyponatremia is probably considered to be the main pathophysiological basis. …”
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Current concept on pediatric low-grade glioma in the era of molecular diagnosis by Tzu-Chiang Peng, Ching-Ying Wang, Yi-Yen Lee

“…Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among pediatric patients. …”
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Infection-Induced Vulnerability of Perinatal Brain Injury by Carina Mallard, Xiaoyang Wang

“…A growing body of evidence demonstrates that susceptibility and progression of both acute and chronic central nervous system disease in the newborn is closely associated with an innate immune response that can manifest from either direct infection and/or infection-triggered damage. …”
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Motor and behavioral symptoms in a case of arachnoid cyst in a young female by Devina Devdatt Dabholkar, V. Ramachandra, Kashmira Rajendra Bhelonde, Archita Gupta

“…Arachnoid cysts are rare central nervous system lesions that may have a variable clinical presentation which may cause clinicians to consider a differential diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. …”
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Immunology and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Basic Approach by Genaro G. Ortiz, Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés, Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero, Ana C. Ramírez-Anguiano, Luis J. Flores-Alvarado, Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez, Miguel A. Macias-Islas, Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivascular location of lesions, the temporal maturation of lesions from inflammation through demyelination, to gliosis and partial remyelination, and the presence of immunoglobulin in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. …”
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Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes oncológicos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica by Ana Paula Silva e Silva, Larissa da Silva Baltazar, Antônio Felipe Silva Carvalho, Luna Mayra da Silva e Silva, Danielle França Furtado, Nilviane Pires Silva, Talison Taylon Diniz Ferreira, José Antônio Costa Leite

“…Conclusion: It was found that hospitalizations due to cancer in the central nervous system were frequent in the study and that the most affected population were male children and that the most affected age was up to five years of age. …”
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