Cerebral Mycobacterium avium abscesses: Late immune reconstitution syndrome in an HIV-1-infected patient receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy by Claude Fortin, Danielle Rouleau

“…The recurrence, manifested as brain abscesses in the central nervous system, was an uncommon form of MAC disease usually reported postmortem. …”
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Can the Spinal Cord Learn and Remember? by Pierre A. Guertin

“…This mini-review reports, mainly, animal data that support the idea that other areas of the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord, can also learn and remember.…”
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Diplopia: A Rare Manifestation of Neuroborreliosis by Ayushi Dixit, Yesika Garcia, Lauren Tesoriero, Charles Berman, Vincent Rizzo

“…Though uncommon, Borrelia burgdorferi can invade the central nervous system and cause neuroborreliosis. In these patients, facial palsy, headache, and stiffness of the neck are the most common presenting symptoms. …”
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Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: what paraclinical tests findings are the most characteristic? by M. Malciūtė, I. Čelpačenko, R. Stankevičiūtė, R. Balnytė

“…A retrospective data analysis was performed in patients diagnosed with demyelinating encephalomyelitis according to ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision), codes G37.8 (other specified demyelinating diseases of central nervous system) and G37.9 (demyelinating disease of central nervous system, unspecified). …”
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Clinical Comorbidities and Videourodynamic Characteristics of Dysfunctional Voiding in Women by Cheng-Ling Lee, Yuan-Hong Jiang, Jia-Fong Jhang, Tien-Lin Chang, Jing-Hui Tian, Hann-Chorng Kuo

“…<b>Conclusions:</b> DV is significantly associated with older age and a higher incidence of central nervous system diseases, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in women. …”
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Herpetic Meningoencephalitis Complicating the Resection of a Vestibular Schwannoma: A Case Report by Jérôme Houdu, Maxime Barron, Thierry Civit, Cécile Parietti‐Winkler

“…ABSTRACT After surgery involving cranial nerves and more generally the central nervous system, nonbacterial meningitis should raise suspicion of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. …”
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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis by Wenjing Cheng, Guangjie Chen

“…The migration of autoimmune T cells and macrophages from blood to central nervous system as well as the destruction of blood brain barrier are thought to be the major processes in the development of this disease. …”
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Postural Synergies and Their Development by Mark L. Latash, Vijaya Krishnamoorthy, John P. Scholz, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky

“…This approach, the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis, is based on an assumption that the central nervous system organizes covariation of elemental variables to stabilize important performance variables in a task-specific manner. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Potential Inducers of Antineoplastic Effects in CNS Tumors by Lars Tatenhorst, Eric Hahnen, Michael T. Heneka

“…In recent years it turned out that natural as well as synthetic PPAR agonists exhibit profound antineoplastic as well as redifferentiation effects in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still emerging, with partially controverse findings reported by a number of studies dealing with the influence of PPARs on treatment of tumor cells in vitro. …”
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Pain Mechanism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokines to Central Sensitization by Yanting Cao, Danping Fan, Yiqing Yin

“…Current research showed that, in addition to inflammation, RA pain involves peripheral sensitization and abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) pain regulatory mechanisms. This review summarized the literature on pain mechanisms of RA published in recent years. …”
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Research progress on the mechanisms of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease by Jiayuan Li, Ting Liu, Shengxi Meng

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the elderly.The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is identified as the most significant genetic factor associated with AD.This article reviews current findings on the relationship between ApoE and AD, the impact of APOE gene polymorphisms on AD, the interaction between ApoE and other pathogenic factors, and the role of ApoE in AD.Additionally, it discusses the diagnosis and treatment of AD to enhance the understanding of its pathogenesis and to provide new perspectives for the prevention and management of the disease.…”
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One in a Million: A Case Report of Stiff Person Syndrome by Ruchi Yadav, Neeraj Abrol, Sima Terebelo

“…Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by lack of inhibition to excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to inappropriate motor unit firing. …”
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The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Optic Nerve Head Edema: A Narrative Review by Narges Karrabi, Sadid Hooshmandi, Alireza Amirabadi, Danial Roshandel, Kiana Hassanpour, Mohammad Pakravan

“…Optic nerve head (ONH) edema is a clinical manifestation of many ocular and systemic disorders. Ocular and central nervous system imaging has been used to differentiate the underlying cause of ONH edema and monitor the disease course. …”
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Systemic Relapse in a Young Adult Patient with Primary CNS Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Adam Khorasanchi, Zachary Benson, Misty Hall, Nelya Ebadirad, Mohammad H. Gharavi, Patrick Willard, Miranda Chimzar, John McKay, Gary Simmons, Victor Yazbeck

“…Primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, characterized by an aggressive disease course. …”
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Meckel Gruber Syndrome- A Case Report And Review of Literature by Sümeyra Nergiz, Selda Demircan Sezer, Sündüz Özlem Altınkaya, Mert Küçük, Hasan Yüksel

“…MGS is characterized by three main symptoms: central nervous system (CNS) malformations, tetramelic postaxial polydactyly and cystic renal dysplasia with associated fibrocystic changes of the liver, pancreas and epididymis. …”
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Primary Dural Lymphoma: Clinical Cases and Literature Review by M. Dobran, R. Paracino, F. Mancini, D. Nasi

“…Primary dural lymphoma (PDL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all central nervous system lymphomas. Primary dural lymphoma grows from the dura mater, and it is often diagnosed as meningioma or acute subdural hematoma due to its radiological characteristics. …”
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Regulatory mechanism of Reelin activity: a platform for exploiting Reelin as a therapeutic agent by Mitsuharu Hattori

“…A complete understanding of Reelin function and its regulatory mechanisms in the adult central nervous system could help ameliorate neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.…”
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Extrapontine Myelinolysis of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Case of Postoperative Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst by Peng Zhao, Xuyi Zong, Xinsheng Wang, Yazhuo Zhang

“…The extrapontine myelinolysis of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a well-known but uncommon disorder of the central nervous system. Although the mechanism is not fully understood and the treatment is controversial, hyponatremia is probably considered to be the main pathophysiological basis. …”
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Infection-Induced Vulnerability of Perinatal Brain Injury by Carina Mallard, Xiaoyang Wang

“…A growing body of evidence demonstrates that susceptibility and progression of both acute and chronic central nervous system disease in the newborn is closely associated with an innate immune response that can manifest from either direct infection and/or infection-triggered damage. …”
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Immunology and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Basic Approach by Genaro G. Ortiz, Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés, Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero, Ana C. Ramírez-Anguiano, Luis J. Flores-Alvarado, Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez, Miguel A. Macias-Islas, Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivascular location of lesions, the temporal maturation of lesions from inflammation through demyelination, to gliosis and partial remyelination, and the presence of immunoglobulin in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. …”
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