Genetic Biomarkers and Circulating White Blood Cells in Osteoarthritis: A Bioinformatics and Mendelian Randomization Analysis by Yimin Pan, Xiaoshun Sun, Jun Tan, Chao Deng, Changwu Wu, Georg Osterhoff, Nikolas Schopow

“…Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables to evaluate the potential causal impact of circulating white blood cell (WBC) counts on OA. …”
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Assessing the effect of On-site supportive communication training (On-site SCT) on doctor burnout: a randomized controlled trial by K.K. Antonsen, J.D. Lyhne, A.T. Johnsen, S. Eßer-Naumann, L.Ø. Poulsen, L. Lund, S. Timm, L.H. Jensen

“…Conclusions Our findings caution against assuming a causal relationship between short-term interventions and a complex phenomenon like burnout. …”
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Explanation and validation of the coordination model of the marketing and sales department in the insurance industry in Iran by Alireza Jahed, Ehsan Abedi, Hamidreza Saeednia

“…In order to ensure the achievement of the goals, managers must pay attention to the causal conditions such as the implementation of the risk management dashboard, structural integration and coordination in the business, creating synergy in organizational decisions, recognizing the prerequisites for coordination between the two departments of marketing and sales in the form of background conditions or coordination challenges such as "partial prejudices, non-specialist human capital, conflict of interests, managers' taste, CEO's attitude, ethical considerations, unfavorable customer support when receiving damages and fulfilling the organization's obligations, as well as interfering conditions such as upstream documents, market conditions (market stakeholders), legal conditions, and competitive conditions. …”
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Identifying factors affecting the commercialization of products of knowledge-based companies based in science and technology parks and growth centers by yousef sofi, Vahid Reza Mirabi, Rahim Sarvar

“…The results of the research showed that the model designed was identified by 14 indicators that includes causal conditions (management factors, information factors, financial factors), background conditions (laws and regulations, technological capabilities), core category (market factors, product factors), strategies (strengthening interactions, marketing and sales capabilities), consequences (economic development, knowledge-based economy, entrepreneurship development), intervening conditions (individual factors, cultural-social factors); explaining the components of commercialization of products of knowledge-based companies. …”
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Presenting the internal evaluation model on the performance of the banking industry based on the data theory method of the foundation by Zahra Ramzanpour Osmavandani, mehdi Rouholamini, Shahrbanoo Gholipour

“…The results indicated that a total of 5 components of job security, training, employee motivation and satisfaction, positive communication, development and reward were identified as internal marketing features in the banking industry, and 14 components were identified and extracted in the form of causal conditions (establishing constructive interaction between employees and managers, generous rewards, employee empowerment, management support), foundational conditions (organizational leadership and management, human resource management measures, organizational culture), interventions (political climate, organizational costs), strategies (promotion of customer-oriented culture, person-job fit), and outcome (human development, value creation, increased commitment). …”
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Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol by Meghedi Vartanian, Konrad Jakob Endres, Yee Teng Lee, Silke Friedrich, Marie-Theres Meemken, Imke Schamarek, Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann, Robin Schürfeld, Lina Eisenberg, Anja Hilbert, Frauke Beyer, Michael Stumvoll, Julia Sacher, Arno Villringer, Julia F. Christensen, A. Veronica Witte

“…In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. …”
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CpG-ODN Induces a Dose-Dependent Enrichment of Immunological Niches in the Spleen and Lungs of Neonatal Chicks That Correlates with the Protective Immunity against Escherichia coli by Thushari Gunawardana, Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed, Kalhari Goonewardene, Shelly Popowich, Shanika Kurukulasuriya, Ruwani Karunarathana, Lisanework E. Ayalew, Ashish Gupta, Betty Lockerbie, Marianna Foldvari, Suresh K. Tikoo, Philip Willson, Susantha Gomis

“…Our recent study reported that CpG-ODN administration enriches immune compartments in neonatal chicks. However, a causal relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and protective mechanisms remains unestablished. …”
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E. Coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by causing oxidative stress, DNA damage and intestinal permeability alteration by Michela Tozzi, Alessia Fiore, Sara Travaglione, Francesca Marcon, Gabriella Rainaldi, Elena Angela Pia Germinario, Ilenia Laterza, Simona Donati, Daniele Macchia, Massimo Spada, Omar Leoni, Maria Cristina Quattrini, Donatella Pietraforte, Sofia Tomasoni, Filippo Torrigiani, Ranieri Verin, Paola Matarrese, Lucrezia Gambardella, Francesca Spadaro, Maria Carollo, Agostina Pietrantoni, Francesca Carlini, Concetta Panebianco, Valerio Pazienza, Filomena Colella, Donatella Lucchetti, Alessandro Sgambato, Antonella Sistigu, Federica Moschella, Marco Guidotti, Olimpia Vincentini, Zaira Maroccia, Mauro Biffoni, Roberta De Angelis, Laura Bracci, Alessia Fabbri

“…Despite this evidence, a definitive causal link between CNF1 and CRC was missing. Here we investigated whether CNF1 plays an active role in CRC onset by analyzing pro-carcinogenic key effects specifically induced by the toxin in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Heatwave warnings mitigate long-term cardiovascular diseases risk from heat-related illness: a real-world prospective cohort studyResearch in context by Qi Huang, Limei Ke, Linfeng Liu, Yuyang Liu, Yanjun Li, Guoqing Feng, Bo Yin, Wenxin Xiang, Jiarun Li, Keyi Lyu, Miao Wang, Qiannan Tian, Liqun Wu, Xiaofeng He, Wannian Liang, Huatang Zeng, Jiming Zhu, Kuiying Gu, Qian Di

“…We utilized Cox proportional hazards model to analyse CVD incidence among participants who had heat-related illness versus those who did not, and further assessed causal relationship using instrumental variable approach. …”
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Environmental exposures associated with atopy in a rural community in Gwanda district, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study by Vuyelwa Ndlovu, Vuyelwa Ndlovu, Moses Chimbari, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Elopy Sibanda, Elopy Sibanda

“…Longitudinal studies to explore the temporal and causal relationships between these factors and allergic outcomes are essential. …”
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Designing and Modeling Digital Transformation in the Automotive Industry: Leveraging the Fourth Industrial Revolution by Mohammad Saeed Mozafari Mehr, Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard

“…In this regard, the main question focuses on identifying the factors that impact the design and modeling of digital transformation, rooted in the fourth-generation industrial revolution, and exploring the pattern of causal relationships among these factors in Iran Khodro.   …”
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Effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) on hospitalization among adults with COVID-19: An electronic health record-based target trial emulation from N3C. by Abhishek Bhatia, Alexander J Preiss, Xuya Xiao, M Daniel Brannock, G Caleb Alexander, Robert F Chew, Hannah Davis, Megan Fitzgerald, Elaine Hill, Elizabeth P Kelly, Hemalkumar B Mehta, Charisse Madlock-Brown, Kenneth J Wilkins, Christopher G Chute, Melissa Haendel, Richard Moffitt, Emily R Pfaff, N3C Consortium

“…This study's main limitation is that it estimates causal effects using observational data and could be biased by unmeasured confounding.…”
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ON THE THIN PRACTICAL RATIONALITY AND ITS THICKENINGS by Zenonas Norkus

“…Speaking in the negative terms, to be rational the preferences must not be the products of some subintentional mechanisms or to remain acceptable for the agent after she comes to know the causal story of their genesis. Speaking in the positive terms, the rationality of the preferences is warranted if they are chosen by the agent guided by the metapreferences satisfying conditions (1)-(3). …”
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Employee retention through effective human resource management practices in Maldives: Mediation effects of compensation and rewards system by Zubair Hassan

“…Structural equation modeling analysis was carried out to examine the causal effect of HRM practices on employee retention. …”
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Energy management education for persons living with long COVID-related fatigue (EMERGE): protocol of a two-parallel arms target trial emulation study in a multicentre outpatient in... by Emilia Riggi, Marco Barbero, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Ruth Hersche, Andrea Weise

“…The ‘standard of care’ of the CG will include any intervention, except occupational therapy-based EME in peer groups. The causal contrast of interest will be the per-protocol effect. …”
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Toward Understanding of Quiet Human Resource Management Theory in Iranian Organizations: Theoretical Origins, Conceptual Narration and its Consequences by Abbas Nargesian, Sajjad Sadpoor

“…In the axial coding stage, these categories were organized into a paradigmatic model, which included causal conditions, strategy, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, and consequences. …”
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Exploring the Dynamics of Brent Crude Oil, S&P500 and Bitcoin Prices Amid Economic Instability by Adela Bara, Irina Alexandra Georgescu, Simona-Vasilica Oprea, Marian Pompiliu Cristescu

“…Furthermore, the unidirectional causalities BTCUSD<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\to $ </tex-math></inline-formula>BRENT and BTCUSD<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\to \text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x0026;P500 are identified. …”
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Dairy intake and cognitive function in older adults in three cohorts: a mendelian randomization study by Natalia Ortega, Nick J. Mueller, Abbas Dehghan, Tosca O. E. de Crom, Armin von Gunten, Martin Preisig, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Marco Vinceti, Trudy Voortman, Nicolas Rodondi, Patricia O. Chocano-Bedoya

“…Conclusion The evidence for a causal effect of dairy consumption on general cognitive function is weak, consistent with previous results from classic analysis from observational studies. …”
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Identifikasi Bakteri Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Bawah Non Tuberkulosis (Non TB) dan Pola Resistensinya pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di RSUP M. Djamil by Virgi Anggia Lubis, Yusticia Katar, Elizabeth Bahar

“…The objective of this study was to indentify the causal bacteria of lower respiratory infection non tuberculous infection and the  bacterial resistance patterns in patients with diabetes mellitus in RSUP M. …”
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Impacto del uso de energía y formación bruta de capital en el crecimiento económico. Un análisis de datos de panel en 73 países agrupados por nivel de ingreso y producción de petró... by Héctor F. Salazar-Núñez, Francisco Venegas-Martínez

“…Se destaca que en todos los grupos, a corto plazo, no existe relación causal entre el UEN y la FBC. Sorprendentemente, las economías con ingreso alto y medio-bajo presentan resultados similares. …”
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