Methods for Analyzing Multivariate Phenotypes in Genetic Association Studies by Qiong Yang, Yuanjia Wang

“…We also reviewed causal inference methods designed to test whether the detected association with the multivariate phenotype is truly pleiotropy or the genetic marker exerts its effects on some phenotypes through affecting the others.…”
Get full text

Factors associated with lung cancer among firefighters: a systematic literature review by Augustine W. Kang, Natalie S. Lui

“…The study advocates for improved methodology, suggesting the use of individual-level exposure metrics like “fire-hours” to enhance causal inference. Despite limitations in current literature, the findings stress the urgency of understanding the intricacies of lung cancer development among firefighters and call for further research to inform preventive measures and potential screening protocols.…”
Get full text

Inferring causal connectivity from pairwise recordings and optogenetics. by Mikkel Elle Lepperød, Tristan Stöber, Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn, Konrad Paul Kording

“…In simulated neural networks, we find that estimates using ideas from IV and DiD outperform naïve techniques suggesting that methods from causal inference can be useful to disentangle neural interactions in the brain.…”
Get full text

Discovering causal models for structural, construction and defense-related engineering phenomena by M.Z. Naser

“…To this end, this paper starts with a brief review of the principles of causality and then adopts four causal discovery algorithms, namely, PC (Peter-Clark), FCI (fast causal inference), GES (greedy equivalence search), and GRaSP (greedy relaxation of the sparsest permutation), have been used to examine four phenomena, including predicting the load-bearing capacity of axially loaded members, fire resistance of structural members, shear strength of beams, and resistance of walls against impulsive (blast) loading. …”
Get full text

Principal Covariates Regression for Causal Case Studies by Weibin Ding, Jie Li, Dian Jin, Jiayang Kong

“…From a theoretical perspective, we introduce the statistical literature on dimensional reduction to make a causal inference. From a technique perspective, we combine the vertical regression and the horizontal regression. …”
Get full text

The impact of health on economic and social outcomes in the United Kingdom: A scoping literature review. by Dawid Gondek, Ke Ning, George B Ploubidis, Bilal Nasim, Alissa Goodman

“…A number of methodological challenges need to be addressed, particularly related to causal inference, to produce robust evidence with potential to inform public health policy.…”
Get full text

Correspondence: insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes by Hong Tham Pham, Kim-Huong Truong-Nguyen, Minh-Hoang Tran

“…Abstract Future investigations on the association between insulin resistance in people without diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) should consider the following aspects to facilitate causal inference and provide more robust findings. The study design should have an adequate follow-up period to rule out reverse causation and pre-existing diabetes, as well as to confirm the diagnosis of CKD. …”
Get full text

Perfectionism and compulsive exercise: a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis by Elizabeth Bills, Shannon R. Muir, Rose Stackpole, Sarah J. Egan

“…Limitations included the low number of available studies, the inclusion of only one clinical sample, and predominately cross-sectional studies which precluded causal inference. Conclusion Higher perfectionism was associated with higher compulsive exercise. …”
Get full text

Can role model women in politics help married women reduce suicides? Evidence from a quasi-experimental study in Brazil by Gabriela Gerote Arvate, Paulo Arvate, Adriano Massuda, Raffael Massuda, Rifat Atun

“…The purpose of our work is to demonstrate that women in such positions reduce suicide rates within a group affected by gender inequality: married women.MethodologyWe use regression discontinuity methodology and quasi-experimental electoral designs (elections with a margin of victory very close to zero) to ensure causal inference between the election of women and suicide rates among married women.Principal findingsMunicipalities that elected women as mayors have 1.33 fewer suicides among married women per 100,000 inhabitants compared to those that elected men as mayors.ConclusionThese results offer new insights into how empowered women can challenge social norms and improve public health outcomes.…”
Get full text

The influence of credits and stigmas in volunteering on depression, the modulating effects of volunteer personality and motivation by Juntao Chen, Yifan Zhang, Suhua Zhou, Chenlu Yang, Lianghua Li, Lu Ma, Shuzhen Zhu

“…Although the large sample size strengthens the study, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Overall, the study underscores the importance of understanding personality traits and motivations in developing effective volunteer support measures, thereby enhancing service quality and community well-being.…”
Get full text

Resilience of the circular economy to global disruptions in scrap recycling by Xiao Li, Xuezhao Chen, Junming Zhu, Peng Zhang, Haijia Shi, Marian R. Chertow

“…Using transaction-level data from a waste trading platform and causal inference methods, we evaluated how the pandemic disrupted copper scrap supply and transactions. …”
Get full text

Estimating the Effect of Adhering to the Recommendations of the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide on Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Protocol for a Target Trial Emulation by Didier Brassard, Nancy Presse, Stéphanie Chevalier

“…An alternative is the target trial emulation framework for causal inference, a novel approach to improve the analysis of observational data. …”
Get full text

Inconsistent ENSO teleconnections over East Asia in early and late winter: role of Siberian land-atmosphere coupling by Xiadong An, Wen Chen, Tianjiao Ma, Lifang Sheng

“…The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections over East Asia display inconsistency between early and late winter, yet the undering physical mechanisms remain unclear. Employing causal inference analysis, including Liang-Kleeman information flow and PC-MCI causal discovery, our study reveals a stable information flow from ENSO to the upper tropospheric atmospheric circulation (250 hPa) over southern East Asia. …”
Get full text

Countries' progress towards Global Health Security (GHS) increased health systems resilience during the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic: A difference-in-difference study... by Tyler Y Headley, Sooyoung Kim, Yesim Tozan

“…We used longitudinal data from 191 countries and a difference-in-difference (DiD) causal inference strategy to quantify the effect of countries' GHS capacity as measured by the GHSI on their coverage rates for essential childhood immunizations, a previously established proxy for health systems resilience. …”
Get full text

Integrative bioinformatics approach identifies novel drug targets for hyperaldosteronism, with a focus on SHMT1 as a promising therapeutic candidate by Minyue Jia, Liya Lin, Hanxiao Yu, Zhichao Dong, Xin Pan, Xiaoxiao Song

“…We employed a systematic approach combining: gene identification through transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS); causal inference using summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses; additional analyses included phenome-wide association analysis, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, drug repurposing, molecular docking and clinical validation through aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) tissue. …”
Get full text

Medical Resource Use and Costs of Treating Sickle Cell-related Vaso-occlusive Crisis Episodes: A Retrospective Claims Study by Nirmish Shah, Menaka Bhor, Lin Xie, Jincy Paulose, Huseyin Yuce

“…This study was limited to observation of associations rather than causal inference, and by possible coding and identification discrepancies and the restricted generalizability of the population. …”
Get full text

The effect of traditional agricultural practices on the food consumption of households facing extreme weather events in Tanzania by Tim Wegenast, Niklas Hänze, Roos Haer, Marcel Birulés

“…We rely on a matched differences-in-differences approach to account for selection bias and allow for causal inference. Results Our matching models consistently show that the planting of traditional crops (in particular sorghum) promotes dietary diversity and reduces the need for food rationing in households experiencing climate shocks. …”
Get full text

HMOX1 as a potential drug target for upper and lower airway diseases: insights from multi-omics analysis by Enhao Wang, Shazhou Li, Yang Li, Tao Zhou

“…Candidate genes were further screened using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Causal inference between candidate genes and upper and lower airway diseases (CRSwNP, allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma (AS)) was conducted using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TwoSampleMR) analysis. …”
Get full text

Metformin and the risk of malignant tumors of digestive system: a mendelian randomization study by Ping Liu, Junqi Xiao, Jinghuang Xiao, Jumei Zhou

“…Recent meta-analyses have questioned these associations, emphasizing the need for robust causal inference. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to evaluate the causal relationship between metformin and MTDS. …”
Get full text

Lipid Profiles, Telomere Length, and the Risk of Malignant Tumors: A Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis by Shupeng Liu, Zhengzheng Fu, Hui Liu, Yinghui Wang, Meijuan Zhou, Zhenhua Ding, Zhijun Feng

“…We conducted our analysis using two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression integrated with inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods to address potential endogeneity and strengthen our causal inference. <b>Results:</b> we found that unfavorable lipid profiles were causally linked to increased TL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). …”
Get full text