Ligament Tissue Engineering and Its Potential Role in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by E. W. Yates, A. Rupani, G. T. Foley, W. S. Khan, S. Cartmell, S. J. Anand

“…It offers an unlimited source of natural tissue substitutes and by using appropriate cells, biomimetic scaffolds, and advanced bioreactors, it is possible that tissue engineering could be implemented in the repair and regeneration of tissue such as bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Whilst repair and regeneration of ligament tissue has been demonstrated in animal studies, further research is needed to improve the biomechanical properties of the engineered ligament if it is to play an important part in the future of human ligament reconstruction surgery. …”
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Growth hormone deficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency in petrified ears syndrome: a case report and literature review by Sebastiano Recalcati, Alberto Vassallo, Marta Villanova, Roberto Lanzi, Marco Losa, Maria Grazia Patricelli, Paola Carrera, Fabrizio Fantini

“… Petrified ear is a rare clinical entity characterized by the progressive hardening of normal flexible auricular cartilage, leading to partial or complete auricular stiffness. …”
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Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritic Changes Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography in South Indian Population by S. Pattugayathri, B. G. Harshavardhan, V. Poongodi, K. Saraswathi Gopal

“…Introduction: Osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by synovitis, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone remodeling and it is an age-related disorder. …”
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Laterally positioned external carotid arteries: Two cadaveric case reports by Kara Coffman-Rea, Skylar Arwood, Karen E. Samonds, Dylan J. Fuchs, Julia P. Negrin

“…One case also included a high carotid bifurcation above the typical location at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.…”
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A synthetic chronogenetic gene circuit for programmed circadian drug delivery by Lara Pferdehirt, Anna R. Damato, Kristin L. Lenz, Maria F. Gonzalez-Aponte, Daniel Palmer, Qing-Jun Meng, Erik D. Herzog, Farshid Guilak

“…Gene circuits were transduced into induced pluripotent stem cells that were tissue-engineered into cartilage constructs. Our anti-inflammatory chronogenetic constructs produced therapeutic concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in vitro. …”
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Two Cases of Cartilaginous Choristoma—Not Chondroma of the Bony External Auditory Canal by Kohei Yamahara, Yuki Katsura, Yuki Egawa, Kana Lee, Satoshi Ikegami

“…Histological examination alone cannot be used to distinguish between cartilaginous choristoma and chondroma, as both lesions comprise normal mature hyaline cartilage. To diagnose a mass as cartilaginous choristoma on the bony external auditory canal, it is necessary to confirm that it does not originate from the underlying periosteum. …”
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Three Cases of Arteritic Anterior Optic Neuropathy Several Months after COVID-19 Vaccination by Yuichi Yamamoto, Ken Ogino, Satoshi Yasuhara, Yu Kawashima, Toshiya Miki

“…Biopsy of the temporal artery or auricular cartilage showed arteritic occlusion in case 2 and polychondritis in case 3. …”
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Morphological diversity of tadpoles of fork-tongued frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae) with different trophic specializations by Anna B. Vassilieva, Trung Duc Nguyen, Pavel A. Sorokin

“…A comparison with generalized tadpoles revealed that in dicroglossids, the transformations of the larval skeleton due to carnivory mainly affect the labial cartilages and the palatoquadrate cartilage, as well as the hyobranchium. …”
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Repair of Temporal Bone Encephalocele following Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy by Sarantis Blioskas, Ioannis Magras, Stavros Polyzoidis, Konstantinos Kouskouras, Georgios Psillas, Stamatia Dova, Konstantinos Markou

“…An enhanced layer-by-layer repair of the encephalocele and skull base deficit was achieved from intradurally to extradurally, using temporalis fascia, nasal septum cartilage, and artificial dural graft. After a 22-month follow-up period the patient remains symptom free and no recurrence is noted.…”
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Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Application: A Review by Brahatheeswaran Dhandayuthapani, Yasuhiko Yoshida, Toru Maekawa, D. Sakthi Kumar

“…Scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA. …”
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Chitosan Hydrogels for Chondroitin Sulphate Controlled Release: An Analytical Characterization by Annalisa Bianchera, Enrico Salomi, Matteo Pezzanera, Elisabeth Ruwet, Ruggero Bettini, Lisa Elviri

“…This paper provides an analytical characterization of chitosan scaffolds obtained by freeze-gelation toward the uptake and the controlled release of chondroitin sulphate (CS), as cartilage repair agent, under different pH conditions. …”
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Total Knee Arthroplasty in Ochronosis Arthropathy: A Case Report and Systematic Review by Wu Chean Lee, Tong Leng Tan, Ying Ho Chan

“…Intraoperatively, collagenous structures such as the menisci and cartilage were noted to be black. Histological examination showed deposition of large amorphous brown material suggestive of ochronosis. …”
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Skatole Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Reprogramming Macrophage Polarization and Protecting Chondrocytes by Weiyun Wang, Yaru Chu, Yunkun Lu, Jie Xu, Weixuan Zhao, Zhuo Liang, Xueqiang Guo, Lingling Xi, Tao Han, Yaping Shen, Wenjuan Song, Yanhua Tang, Mengnan Wen, Zhuang Qian, Lei Wang, Zhenlin Fan, Guangdong Zhou, Wenjie Ren

“…In vivo experiments demonstrated that skatole administration markedly reduced synovitis and cartilage damage in both destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA mice and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats. …”
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Total shoulder arthroplasty in a patient with osteopetrosis: A case report by Ryan C. Rizk, MS, Elias Lugo-Fagundo, BS, Mohammad Yasrab, MD, Edmund M Weisberg, MS, MBE, Linda C. Chu, MD, John M. Gross, MD, Elliot K. Fishman, MD

“…Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder that leads to increased bone density and fragility due to dysfunctional osteoclasts, which can result in narrowed bone marrow spaces, hardened cartilage, and brittle bones. This condition frequently coexists with osteoarthritis among affected individuals. …”
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Blocking Interleukin-33 Alleviates the Joint Inflammation and Inhibits the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Yan Li, Yeqin Fu, Huan Chen, Xiaojin Liu, Mingcai Li

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a systemic chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by chronic synovitis and cartilage and bone destruction. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a proinflammatory cytokine which is highly expressed in the synovium of RA patients and the joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and exacerbates CIA in mice. …”
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Clinical Holistic Medicine: Chronic Pain in the Locomotor System by Søren Ventegodt, Joav Merrick

“…Often it turns out that the blocked areas develop actual physical damage over time: a slipped disk in the back, articular degeneration, or osteoarthritis when the cartilage is affected, can often be explained in this way. …”
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Improved Medial-Internal Approach to Repair Posterior Root of Medial Meniscus by All-Suture Anchor Combined With Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy by Xinda Zhang, M.S., Yi Zheng, M.S., Yingzhen Niu, M.D., Zhuangdai Zhang, M.S., Ziqi Shang, B.S., Zhen Chen, B.S., Jiangtao Dong, M.D.

“…Medial meniscus posterior root tears often occur in patients with lower limb varus malalignment, which leads to mechanical overloading of the medial compartment and premature cartilage wear. Such injuries are often treated by the pullout technique or the suture anchor technique. …”
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Comparison of intra articular autologous platelet-rich plasma with steroids in osteoarthritis knee: Experience from a North Indian tertiary care center by M N Arjun, Vivek Vasdev, Kunal Kishore, Arun Hegde, Krishnan Shanmuganandan, Abhishek Kumar, Uday Bhanu Kovilapu, Roopa Shivashankar

“…It accelerates the process of healing, ligament repair, cartilage regeneration, and bone formation when given in supraphysiological doses. …”
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Correction of Constricted Ear – Case Report by Ljubinka Damjanoska Krstikj, Ana Rajkovska Kimovska, Roza Krsteska, Mare Stevkovska

“…In our case, combination of Mustardé suture, helix advancement and helix cartilage graft in moderate constricted ear were a useful surgical option, producing aesthetically good results in a simple and effective way. …”
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Reconstructive surgery of the lower eyelid in patients affected by basocelular carcinoma by Bernaldo Canto Vidal, Tania Canto Vigil, Danny González Sánchez, Alain Soto Ugalde

“…In all it was used the myocutaneous flap, together with a thin layer of cartilage of the auricular concha. From the 15 patients who were operated only one had a torpid evolution, but in the end the result was satisfactory.…”
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