Politico-Theological Debates in Ghadames between the 1770s and the 1850s from a Global Perspective by Kerem Duymus

“…The particular geographical location of Ghadames, situated between two prominent states—Morocco and the Ottoman Empire—each with their respective caliphal claims, has historically enabled the scholars of the city to formulate and substantiate their own political stances. …”
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Perspectives andalouses sur le Sahara (iie/viiie-ve/xie siècle) by Aurélien Montel

“…As it turns out, on the eve of the fitna of the 5th/11th century, political actors, especially representatives of the Umayyad Caliphate, considered the Sahara as the backyard of an imperial space articulated around a number of Saharan trading centres, including Sijilmāsa. …”
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RISALAH NUR DAN GERAKAN TAREKAT DI TURKI: PERAN SAID NURSI PADA AWAL PEMERINTAHAN REPUBLIK by Muhammad Faiz

“…This paper tries to describe the role of Risalah Nur movement and its relationship with the tariqa movement in Turkey, especially after the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate and the early modern state of Turkey. The methodological study of this paper will refer to literature perspective, specifically historical analysis of the life of Said Nursi and his work Risalah Nur through the Nursi’s books and the other related literatures. …”
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ALMAWARDI DAN KONSEP KHILAFAH ISLAMIYYAH: RELEVANSI SISTEM POLITIK ISLAM KLASIK DAN POLITIK MODERN by Muzayyin Ahyar

“…The long debate on the relevance of the concept of Islamic caliphate government to the modern political concept has been occurring among scholars up to nowadays. …”
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A Critical Review on the article “Investigation of the Establishment and Decline of Āl-Shomleh Local Government (550-591 AH) In Seljuk Khuzestan” by Mohsen Rahmati

“…By adopting the title of "Atabak" or "Great Atabak", the dynasty of Shumleh established a local government in important and strategic areas of west and southwestern Iran (between the territories of the Seljuq sultans and the Abbasid caliphate). It is of special importance to know this less famous dynasty. …”
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The Dialeqticue of Simile in Bayhaqi's History by قدسیه رضوانیان, زهرا مقدسی

“…Big simile, that a story is compared to another story, that is, a story of qaznavi period is compared to a story in past times; a story from Islamic caliphate or pre- Islamic period. Bayhaqi usually expresses his mean in this supplemental narration, mean while he made reader to judge about that issue; an anecdote that set up like antithesis against the main story (thesis) in order to form the preliterate story (synthesis) in the mind of reader. …”
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A Critical Review on the Book Transformation of the Foundations of the Legitimacy of the Monarchy: From the Mongol Invasion to the Rise of the Safavids by Abdollah Sajedi, Hooshang Khosrobigi

“…This work examines the evolution of the foundations of the legitimacy of this period in the context of a pervasive crisis of legitimacy in the form of multiple models, emphasizing that with the fall of the caliphate and the arrival of the Mongol element, the complexity of the foundations of legitimacy doubled and new inspiring foundations. …”
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A Critical Review of the Book "Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society" and Its Translations by Parvin Turkemani Azar

“…Islamic Society in the 3rd and 4th Hijri centuries is important due to the dominance of the Buyid dynasty, Iranian and Shiite rulers in the Sunni Abbasid caliphate system, so this matter has received the consideration of Iranian scholars, Orientalists, and Islamologists. …”
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Exploring the Concept of the Perfect Human Being in the Quran: An Analysis of Model Education by Farideh Rezaei, Naireh Sadat Saadatmand, Zohreh Taghavi

“…Results: The outcomes of the research encompass seven distinct attributes, namely: divine description, caliphate, Imam, knowledge, power, servitude, and sincerity, culminating in the identification of ten exemplary attributes that contribute to the formation of a model, which include: Alim, Rahim, Rauf, Sabour, Halim, Sattar, Ghafar, Shakur, Aziz, and Hamid. …”
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Study and analysis of eloquence and imagination in the thoughts of Rumi and Ibn Arabi about the levels of Adam (AS) (Relying on the Fusul-ul- hikam and the Rumi's poems) by Ali Mohammad Moazzeni, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini

“…In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, expressing the principles of Rumi and Ibn Arabi's thought about the levels and existence of Adam (AS) with similar allegories, after explaining and applying common and different concepts and components, we have achieved the same results, which are from: The creation of Adam, the caliphate and manifestation of the divine names, Adam prostrated and the teacher of the angels, the rebellion of Satan against him, the Lordship of Adam, the mirror of the attributes of truth and his position in the arc of descent and ascension, and that Adam is the pole and heart of the universe.They consider the link between the world of property and the kingdom, the keeper of the secrets of truth and the keeper of the world, the ultimate purpose of creation, and finally the place of the mercy of the Almighty over the universe.…”
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Islamic Movement In Malaysia: History And Tradition by Ahmad Nabil Amir, Tasnim Abdul Rahman

“…This was developed from two underlying bases; the ideal of reform and Islamic vision that was meant to awaken national consciousness and revitalised aspiration of pan-Islamism envisioned under the formidable authority of the Ottoman Caliphate. It examined the impact of this awareness in inspiring the movement for reform and reassertion of Islamic spirit and unity following the rising tide of Islam in broad socio-political context. …”
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ISLAMIC ECONOMY IN «ISLAMIC STATE»: IS IT POSSIBLE? by R. I. Bekkin

“…In their attempt to build a caliphate, the ideologists of the IS and their followers take a traditionalist approach in which there is no place for institutions unknown in the 7th-13th centuries. …”
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Imperatives of Strengthening Governance in the World Bank’s Engagement in Iraq, 2014–2018 by A. I. Solomatin

“…In June of 2014 ISIS proclaimed a ‘caliphate’ on the territories under its control. In contrast with the Assad government in Syria, the Iraqi authorities received various kinds of support in fighting Islamic State from Western countries and the organizations with their predominant influence, including the World Bank Group. …”
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