Post-traumatic pituitary stalk transection syndrome (PSTS) expeditiously manifested after a fall from a height combined with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a rare case report... by Yohei Ishiki, Atsuko Tamaki, Ken-ichiro Honma, Ken Yonaha, Takamitsu Yabiku, Taiki Teruya, Moriyuki Uehara, Yoshiro Nakayama, Rei Chinen, Tsugumi Uema, Sawako Nakachi, Shiki Okamoto, Hiroaki Masuzaki

“…Post-traumatic pituitary stalk transection syndrome (PSTS) is an extremely rare cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), affecting approximately 9 per 100,000 cases of traumatic brain injury. In contrast, pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is also a rare cause of CPHD. …”
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Incidence and contributing factors of dementia among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study by Rolando Barrios, Julio S G Montaner, Silvia Guillemi, Ni Gusti Ayu Nanditha, Viviane D Lima, Thomas L Patterson, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, William G Honer, Jason Trigg, Hasan Nathani, Sara Shayegi-Nik, Weijia Yin, Alejandra Fonseca, Bronhilda T Takeh

“…Among the adjusted covariates, CD4 cell count<50 cells/mm3 (adjusted CSH (aCSH) 8.61, 95% CI: 4.75 to 15.60), uncontrolled viremia (aCSH 1.95, 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.17), 10-year increase in age (aCSH 2.41, 95% CI: 1.89 to 3.07), schizophrenia (aCSH 2.85, 95% CI: 1.69 to 4.80), traumatic brain injury (aCSH 2.43, 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.71), delirium (aCSH 2.27, 95% CI: 1.45 to 3.55), substance use disorder (SUD) (aCSH 1.94, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.21) and mood/anxiety disorders (aCSH 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.86) were associated with an increased hazard for dementia. …”
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Targeting and reprogramming microglial phagocytosis of neutrophils by ginsenoside Rg1 nanovesicles promotes stroke recovery by Kaichao Hu, Junrui Ye, Pinglong Fan, Ruifang Zheng, Shasha Wang, Ye Peng, Yuan Ruan, Xu Yan, Zhao Zhang, Shifeng Chu, Naihong Chen

“…These biomimetic vesicles exploit the inherent targeting ability of neutrophil membranes to reach brain injury sites and are subsequently taken up by microglia. …”
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Modulation of Second Messenger Signaling in the Brain Through PDE4 and PDE5 Inhibition: Therapeutic Implications for Neurological Disorders by Min Kyu Park, Hyun Wook Yang, Seo Young Woo, Dong Yeon Kim, Dae-Soon Son, Bo Young Choi, Sang Won Suh

“…Pharmacological modulation of these enzymes offers potential to enhance cognitive function and mitigate pathological mechanisms underlying brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. …”
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The Role of GABAergic Inhibition in Ocular Dominance Plasticity by J. Alexander Heimel, Daniëlle van Versendaal, Christiaan N. Levelt

“…This brings the hope that novel treatments can be developed for brain injuries requiring renewed plasticity potential and neurodevelopmental brain disorders caused by defective synaptic plasticity. …”
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Advancements in the Use of Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine: Properties and Biomedical Applications by Andrea Revete, Andrea Aparicio, Bruno A. Cisterna, Javier Revete, Luis Luis, Ernesto Ibarra, Edwin A. Segura González, Jay Molino, Diego Reginensi

“…Hydrogels represent a potential alternative to regenerating tissue lost after removing a brain tumor and/or brain injuries. This reason presents them as an exciting alternative to highly complex human physiological problems, such as injuries to the central nervous system and neurodegenerative disease.…”
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Machine learning approach for noninvasive intracranial pressure estimation using pulsatile cranial expansion waveforms by Gustavo Frigieri, Sérgio Brasil, Danilo Cardim, Marek Czosnyka, Matheus Ferreira, Wellingson S. Paiva, Xiao Hu

“…Data from 112 neurocritical patients with acute brain injuries were used, with 92 patients randomly assigned to training and testing, and 20 reserved for independent validation. …”
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Multidisciplinary Assessment and Diagnosis of Conversion Disorder in a Patient with Foreign Accent Syndrome by Harrison N. Jones, Tyler J. Story, Timothy A. Collins, Daniel DeJoy, Christopher L. Edwards

“…The primary etiologies of FAS are cerebrovascular accidents or traumatic brain injuries which affect cortical and subcortical regions critical to expressive speech and language production. …”
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HMGB1 and Extracellular Histones Significantly Contribute to Systemic Inflammation and Multiple Organ Failure in Acute Liver Failure by Runkuan Yang, Xiaoping Zou, Jyrki Tenhunen, Tor Inge Tønnessen

“…Neutralization of histones can attenuate acute liver, lung, and brain injuries. In conclusion, HMGB1 and histones play a significant role in inducing systemic inflammation and MOF in ALF.…”
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Pathophysiology of Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning in Horned and Polled Sheep and Factors Determining Incomplete Concussion by Troy John Gibson, Anne Lisa Ridler, Georgina Limon, Christopher Lamb, Alun Williams, Neville George Gregory

“…MRI provided detailed insights into brain injuries, aligning well with gross pathological findings. …”
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Early Diagnosis of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Recurrence with Raw EEG of a Bispectral Index Monitor by Aristide Ntahe

“…Primitive and secondary brain injuries can lead to seizures which are often purely electrical. …”
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Plasticity of the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors by Nathan W. Kong, William R. Gibb, Suvarna Badhe, Benjamin P. Liu, Matthew C. Tate

“…These data increase our understanding of the adaptive abilities of the brain and may lead to improved treatment strategies for those suffering from motor loss secondary to brain injuries.…”
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The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats by Razieh Moalefshahri, Hossein Javid, Fatemeh Gheybi, Somaye Fallahnezhad, Seyed Isaac Hashemy

“…Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the brain and liver tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. …”
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Rat Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Modulation Using PDGF, VEGF, PDGF/VEGF, and BDNF by Neus Gomila Pelegri, Catherine A. Gorrie, Jerran Santos

“…This may be utilised to develop new and novel ways to treat neurological conditions such as spinal cord and brain injuries, especially if the stem cells can be modulated in vivo without additional invasive surgical procedures. …”
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Evaluation of Novel Stereotactic Cannula for Stem Cell Transplantation against Central Nervous System Disease by Masahito Kawabori, Aki Tanimori, Shinri Kitta, Hideo Shichinohe, Kiyohiro Houkin

“…Intraparenchymal transplantation can be an option for cell delivery; however, one concern regarding this method is that the transplantation cannula may cause additional brain injuries. These include vessel damage, which results in brain hemorrhage, and clogging of the cannula by brain debris and/or cell clusters, which requires replacement of the cannula or forced injection causing jet flow of the cell suspension. …”
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Fairway to fractures: Income inequality and violent crime as the driving factors for golf club-related assaults – a case series of 21 compound skull fractures by R Grobler, E-M Geldenhuys, A J Vlok

“…Golf club-related traumatic brain injuries are an uncommon occurrence in adults, and the use of golf clubs as a weapon of interpersonal assault resulting in compound skull fractures is rare. …”
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Effects of Muse Cell on a Mouse Model With Acute Encephalopathy by Tatsuya Kawaguchi, Tetsuji Mori, Kaori Adachi, Jun Fujii, Yoshihiro Maegaki, Fumiko Obata

“…Recently, it has been shown that the administration of multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells, a population of mesenchymal stem cells, improves symptoms in various types of brain injuries when administered in the subacute phase (1–7 days after brain damage). …”
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Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Traumatic Injuries Associated with Subway Incidents at a Level 1 Trauma Center by Bharti Sharma, Aubrey May B. Agcon, George Agriantonis, Sittha Cheerasarn, Navin D. Bhatia, Zahra Shafaee, Jennifer Whittington, Kate Twelker

“…Falls had the highest percentage of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) (65.60%) and fractures (67.50%). …”
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Combination of reverse shock index and simplified motor score as a strong discriminator of trauma outcomes by Meng-Yu Wu, Giou-Teng Yiang, Ding-Kuo Chien, Sy-Jou Chen, Chi-Ming Chu, Jui-Yuan Chung, Hon-Ping Ma, Mau-Roung Lin

“…In patients with mixed and isolated brain injuries, rSI-sMS accurately discriminated the four clinical outcomes, similar to rSI-GCS. …”
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Clinical novel exploration of intractable fever in stroke rehabilitation: a single-center cross-sectional retrospective study by Huang Jingjie, Wu Bangqi, Qin Peng, Zhang Ziyi, Cheng Yupei, Wang Chaoran, Chen Yuyan, Bai Jing

“…In clinical settings, intractable fever is as common as acute fever, particularly in patients with brain injuries. Beyond infectious causes, stroke survivors often experience recurrent intractable fever due to central or neurogenic mechanisms. …”
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