[18F]FDG PET-Based Radiomics and Machine Learning for the Assessment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas: A Systematic Review by Francesco Dondi, Roberto Gatta, Maria Gazzilli, Pietro Bellini, Gian Luca Viganò, Cristina Ferrari, Antonio Rosario Pisani, Giuseppe Rubini, Francesco Bertagna

“…Signatures, including radiomics analysis and ML, generally demonstrated a possible diagnostic value to assess different characteristics of gliomas and GBMs, such as the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype, alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) mutation status, proliferative activity, differential diagnosis with solitary brain metastases or primary central nervous system lymphoma, and prognosis of these patients. …”
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Multitask Learning-Based Pipeline-Parallel Computation Offloading Architecture for Deep Face Analysis by Faris S. Alghareb, Balqees Talal Hasan

“…Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely adopted in several advanced artificial intelligence applications due to their competitive accuracy to the human brain. Nevertheless, the superior accuracy of a DNN is achieved at the expense of intensive computations and storage complexity, requiring custom expandable hardware, i.e., graphics processing units (GPUs). …”
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Nonfluent/Agrammatic PPA with In-Vivo Cortical Amyloidosis and Pick’s Disease Pathology by Francesca Caso, Benno Gesierich, Maya Henry, Manu Sidhu, Amanda LaMarre, Miranda Babiak, Bruce L. Miller, Gil D. Rabinovici, Eric J. Huang, Giuseppe Magnani, Massimo Filippi, Giancarlo Comi, William W. Seeley, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini

“…This patient demonstrates that biomarkers indicating brain amyloidosis should not be considered conclusive evidence that AD pathology accounts for a typical FTD clinical/anatomical syndrome.…”
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Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and diabetes: the mediating role of phenotypic age and body mass index by Yingxuan Huang, Xiaobo Liu, Chanchan Lin, Xinqi Chen, Yingyi Li, Yisen Huang, Yubin Wang, Xiaoqiang Liu

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Development and in vitro evaluation of biomimetic injectable hydrogels from decellularized human nerves for central nervous system regeneration by Gopal Agarwal, Kennedy Moes, Christine E. Schmidt

“…Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exhibited higher viability and improved neuronal differentiation in iHPN compared to TCP. Human brain neurons had higher neuronal differentiation within iHPN compared to TCP or collagen hydrogels. …”
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Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease by Tapas K. Sur, Tanmoy Mondal, Zarish Noreen, Jheannelle Johnson, Gail Nunlee-Bland, Christopher A. Loffredo, Brent E. Korba, Vijay Chandra, Siddhartha S. Jana, Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Sumit Sarkar, Somiranjan Ghosh

“…Current improvements have unveiled the disease's pathophysiology and clinical diagnostic tests, targeting the neurological changes (neurodegeneration, amyloid precursor protein metabolism and tangle pathology) with precise PET/MRI imaging and xMAP/SIMOA (Multiplex simultaneous detection/single molecule array) to identify and quantify β-amyloids (Aβ40, Aβ42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) proteins in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. …”
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Mutation Analysis of Synthetic DNA Barcodes in a Fission Yeast Gene Deletion Library by Sanger Sequencing by Minho Lee, Shin-Jung Choi, Sangjo Han, Miyoung Nam, Dongsup Kim, Dong-Uk Kim, Kwang-Lae Hoe

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Erratum to ‘Efficacy and safety of local fibrinolytic therapy in intracranial hemorrhages: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials’ [World Neurosurger... by Arun Babu Rajeswaran, Arshad Ali, Saleh Safi, Ahmed Eid Abdulghani Saleh

“…In pooled analysis for ICH, with fibrinolysis vs standard craniotomy, there was a reduced mortality [RR-0.65 (0.20, 2.51)] with decreased risk for new hemorrhages in the fibrinolysis arm [RR-0.48 (0.30, 0.78)] while in fibrinolysis vs standard medical treatment, the trend was also a reduced mortality [RR-0.83 (0.65, 1.05)] with favourable outcome [RR-1.20 (1.00, 1.44)] and higher risk of new bleeds (RR-2.27 [1.23, 4.19]) but no significant difference in brain infections (RR-1.34 [0.24, 7.49]). Conclusion: Local fibrinolytic therapy in ICH and IVH decreases mortality and improves the clot resolution but shows no substantial gain in the good functional outcome and has increased risk of new hemorrhages. …”
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18F-Fluorothymidine-Pet Imaging of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Effects of Radiation Therapy on Radiotracer Uptake and Molecular Biomarker Patterns by Sanjay Chandrasekaran, Andrew Hollander, Xiangsheng Xu, Joseph L. Benci, James J. Davis, Jay F. Dorsey, Gary Kao

“…Conventional 18F-FDG-PET imaging is of limited usefulness for imaging Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) due to high levels of glucose uptake by normal brain and the resultant signal-to-noise intensity. 18F-Fluorothymidine (FLT) in contrast has shown promise for imaging GBM, as thymidine is taken up preferentially by proliferating cells. …”
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Screening and Functional Pathway Analysis of Pulmonary Genes Associated with Suppression of Allergic Airway Inflammation by Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Sung-Dong Kim, Shin Ae Kang, Yong-Wan Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Kyu-Sup Cho, Hwan-Jung Roh

“…Expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), brain-expressed X-linked 2 (Bex2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (Igfbp6), formyl peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1), and secretoglobin family 1C member 1 (Scgb1c1) was significantly increased in asthmatic mice following treatment with ASC-derived EVs. …”
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Metagenomic analysis of DNA viruses from posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders by Vikas R. Dharnidharka, Marianna B. Ruzinova, Chun‐Cheng Chen, Priyanka Parameswaran, Harry O'Gorman, Charles W. Goss, Hongjie Gu, Gregory A. Storch, Kristine Wylie

“…In univariable analysis, death within 5 years of PTLD diagnosis was associated with anellovirus (P = 0.037) and gammapapillomavirus (P = 0.036) detection by MSS, higher tissue qPCR levels of the predominant human anellovirus species torque teno virus (TTV; P = 0.016), T cell type PTLD, liver, brain or bone marrow location. In multivariable analyses, T cell PTLD (P = 0.006) and TTV PCR level (P = 0.012) remained significant. …”
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Association of Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem Cell Characteristics, Differentiation, and Microglia Marker Genes with Patient Survival by Sandra Bien-Möller, Ellen Balz, Susann Herzog, Laura Plantera, Silke Vogelgesang, Kerstin Weitmann, Carolin Seifert, Matthias A. Fink, Sascha Marx, Angela Bialke, Chitra Venugopal, Sheila K. Singh, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Bernhard H. Rauch, Henry W. S. Schroeder

“…Here, we performed expression analyses of stem cell (ABCG2, CD44, CD95, CD133, ELF4, Nanog, and Nestin) as well as differentiation and microglia markers (GFAP, Iba1, and Sparc) in GBM compared to nonmalignant brain. Furthermore, the role of these proteins for patient survival and their expression in LN18 stem-like neurospheres was analyzed. …”
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Intracranial otogenic complications in adults: new factors that influenced its onset, frequency and nature by Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Michalina Staśkiewicz, Oskar Rosiak, Katarzyna Karmelita-Katulska, Witold Szyfter, Wojciech Gawęcki

“…In COVID period, CVST was more prevalent, with 2 cases (22.2%) presenting solitary CVST, and 3 cases (33.3%) CVST and a simultaneous brain abscess or meningitis. CVST was much more frequent in the COVID period (p < 0.01). …”
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Single‐Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals That Gabra6+ Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex Promote the Progression of PTSD After Shockwave‐Induced TBI by Xiaowei Fei, Zehan Zhang, Ya‐nan Dou, Weihao Lv, Hongqing Chen, Li Wang, Xin He, Wangshu Chao, Peng Luo, Zhou Fei

“…Abstract Shockwave‐induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the onset of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), triggered either by the TBI itself or other stressors. …”
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Prognostic impact of tumor size on cancer-specific survival for postoperative WHO grade II oligodendroglioma: a SEER-based study by Qin Lu, Yongyan Wu, Yonglin Xie, Shuxu Yang, Hongchuan Jin

“…BackgroundWHO grade II oligodendroglioma (OG/II) is a rare primary brain tumor with various outcomes. Our study aims to investigate prognostic factors for postoperative OG/II patients and then evaluate the instructional value of tumor size.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. …”
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White Matter Biomarkers Associated with Motor Change in Individuals with Stroke: A Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Study by K. P. Wadden, S. Peters, M. R. Borich, J. L. Neva, K. S. Hayward, C. S. Mang, N. J. Snow, K. E. Brown, T. S. Woodward, S. K. Meehan, L. A. Boyd

“…Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a form of noninvasive repetitive brain stimulation that, when delivered over the contralesional hemisphere, can influence the excitability of the ipsilesional hemisphere in individuals with stroke. cTBS applied prior to skilled motor practice interventions may augment motor learning; however, there is a high degree of variability in individual response to this intervention. …”
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Enhancement of Cognitive Benefits and Anti-Anxiety Effects of <i>Phytolacca americana</i> Fruits in a Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Model of Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Lucia-Florina Popovici, Ion Brinza, Florentina Gatea, Georgiana Ileana Badea, Emanuel Vamanu, Simona Oancea, Lucian Hritcu

“…Subsequently, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the extent of oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain were investigated. Our findings suggest that both PEC and PEU possess anxiolytic effects, alleviating SCO-induced anxiety and enhancing cognitive performance in amnesic zebrafish. …”
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Leveraging survival analysis and machine learning for accurate prediction of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis by Shahd M. Noman, Youssef M. Fadel, Mayar T. Henedak, Nada A. Attia, Malak Essam, Sarah Elmaasarawii, Fayrouz A. Fouad, Esraa G. Eltasawi, Walid Al-Atabany

“…The LightGBM model reached an AUC of 92% in predicting recurrences, while XGBoost and Random Forest models distinguished recurrence types with up to 86% accuracy, and they effectively differentiated between bone metastasis and all other locations combined (brain, liver, and lungs). This study highlights the significant potential of machine learning in advancing breast cancer management and sets a new benchmark for predictive analytics. …”
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Valerenic acid ameliorates amphetamine-related neurotoxicity by improving hypothalamus tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase enzymes by Khaled M.M. Koriem, Ammar H.A. Naiem

“…Results: METH decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, NADPH oxidase, interleukin-10, sucrose preference test, distance traveled test, and center square entries test, ATPase activity and the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase but increased malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, oxidative index, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B levels, the center square duration test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. in the METH-treated animals' brain in contrast to the control group. After four weeks of oral administration of VA to METH-treated rats, all of these parameters returned to levels that were nearly control, indicating that a higher dose was more effective than a lower one. …”
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Development of clinical decision support for patients older than 65 years with fall-related TBI using artificial intelligence modeling. by Biche Osong, Eric Sribnick, Jonathan Groner, Rachel Stanley, Lauren Schulz, Bo Lu, Lawrence Cook, Henry Xiang

“…<h4>Background</h4>Older persons comprise most traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hospitalizations and deaths and are particularly susceptible to fall-induced TBIs. …”
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