New Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma by Gustavo Ignacio Vázquez Cervantes, Dinora F. González Esquivel, Saúl Gómez-Manzo, Benjamín Pineda, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz

“…Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. The current treatment consists of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy; however, the median survival rate is only 12–18 months despite these alternatives, highlighting the urgent need to find new strategies. …”
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A Presentation of Cerebritis Secondary to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener) by James Norman, Ira Pande, Timothy Taylor, Bruno Gran

“…We report a patient who presented with subacute progression of ataxia, confusion, and vacant episodes. An MRI of her brain showed bilateral signal abnormalities in the cingulate and superior sagittal gyrus while a staging CT revealed a mass in the right upper lobe of the patient’s lung with a satellite nodule. …”
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Anti-LGI1 antibody autoimmune encephalitis. Clinical case presentation and literature review by A. Stašaitytė, T. Vanagas, V. Danielius, G. Jurkevičienė, R. Balnytė

“…After identifying memory problems, focal impaired awareness seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and typical brain magnetic resonance imaging changes, the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis was suspected. …”
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Subliminal visual stimulation produces behavioural oscillations in multiple frequencies in a visual integration task by Michelle Johannknecht, Alfons Schnitzler, Joachim Lange

“…Yet, it is under debate, whether our brain processes the incoming information continuously or rather in a discontinuous way. …”
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Therapeutic implications for the PD-1 axis in cerebrovascular injury by James Feghali, Christopher M. Jackson

“…The therapeutic potential of PD-1 agonism in ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage-related vasospasm, and traumatic brain injury rests on the notion of harnessing the immunomodulatory function of immune checkpoint pathways to temper the harmful effects of immune overactivation and secondary injury while promoting repair and recovery. …”
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Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease by Preya U. Patel, Preya U. Patel, Aryan Regmi, Aryan Regmi, Angelina I. Dass, Angelina I. Dass, Olga L. Rojas, Olga L. Rojas

“…The brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the central nervous system, are encapsulated by an overlapping series of membranes known as the meninges. …”
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Testing rTMS-Induced Neuroplasticity: A Single Case Study of Focal Hand Dystonia by Sonia Betti, Andrea Spoto, Umberto Castiello, Luisa Sartori

“…This single case study supports the safe and effective use of noninvasive brain stimulation in neurologic patients and highlights the importance of evaluating outcomes in measurable ways. …”
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The Oscillating Component of the Internal Jugular Vein Flow: The Overlooked Element of Cerebral Circulation by Francesco Sisini, Eleuterio Toro, Mauro Gambaccini, Paolo Zamboni

“…The aim of the present study is to confirm the hypothesis that JVP regulates the IJV blood flow and that pressure waves are transmitted from the heart toward the brain through the IJV wall.…”
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Probiotics in Depression Management: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Future Directions by Learn-Han Lee

“…The pathophysiology is often attributed to neurotransmitter imbalances, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and inflammation. Recently, the gut-brain axis has garnered attention for its role in mood regulation, suggesting that probiotic supplementation may influence depressive symptoms through gut microbiome modulation. …”
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Bilateral Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis as the First Manifestation of Neuro-Behçet Disease by Mohsen Jari, Taiiebeh Mohammadi, Ensiyeh Taheri

“…The results of laboratory tests for infectious and rheumatic diseases were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and the result of cerebrospinal fluid analysis for oligoclonal bands and auto-antibodies were also normal. …”
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Aging gracefully: navigating the journey of growing older by Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi, Oluwapelumi Kehinde Irinoye

“…To accomplish this, we need to stay active with different kinds of workouts, eat a well-balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintain social connections, and stimulate our brain by engaging in hobbies such as reading and puzzles. …”
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A Multivariate Auto-Regressive Method to Estimate Cortico-Muscular Coherence for the Detection of Movement Intent by G. Severini, S. Conforto, M. Schmid, T. D'Alessio

“…Time-frequency estimation of Cortico-Muscular Coherence can provide an insight for the development of a multimodal BCI able to integrate information from the brain activity in the functioning of assistive devices.…”
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Malignant Transformation Six Months after Removal of Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst: A Case Report by Fayçal Lakhdar, El Mehdi Hakkou, Rachid Gana, Rachid My Maaqili, Fouad Bellakhdar

“…Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a heterogeneous and cystic lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle with hydrocephalus. …”
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Diverse Linguistic Development in Prelingually Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants by Pia De Stefano, Francesco Pisani, Giuseppe Cossu

“…We suggest that the language impairment detected in (some) implanted children may not be fully accounted for by pure auditory thresholds and that may be the outcome of concomitant damage to core components of the child’s linguistic brain.…”
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Excision of Intra-articular Knee Heterotopic Ossification Using a 70° Arthroscope by Alexander J. Hoffer, Eugenia A. Lin, Maziyar A. Kalani, Mark K. Lyons, Meghan Richardson

“…There are multiple underlying etiologies of HO including musculoskeletal trauma and traumatic brain injury. Intra-articular HO of the knee is rare and is typically located within the cruciate ligaments. …”
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Streptococcus intermedius Bacteremia and Liver Abscess following a Routine Dental Cleaning by Lachara V. Livingston, Elimarys Perez-Colon

“…In particular, S. intermedius has been associated with the development of liver and brain abscesses. There have been several case reports of S. intermedius liver abscesses with active periodontal infection. …”
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Do Young Schizophrenics with Recent Onset of Illness Show Evidence of Hypofrontality? by O. Gureje, O. Olley, R. A. Acha, B. O. Osuntokun

“…Young schizophrenic patients (n = 43), manic controls (n = 32), both groups diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria and on remission from acute illness, and 53 normal subjects were given a battery of neuropsychologic tests selected to assess different functional areas in the brain. Compared with normal controls, patient groups showed evidence of impaired functioning of many cortical areas but with the schizophrenics having the worst performance. …”
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Varicella Zoster Meningitis, Optic Neuritis Preceding the Development of Posterior Outer Retinal Necrosis, and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a HIV Patient by Manasa Gunturu, Shiva Kumar Gosi, Swetha Kanduri, Vishnu Garla

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed enhancement of the right optic nerve indicative of optic neuritis. …”
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Management of Agitation Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Is There a Role for Beta-Blockers? by Fayaz Ibrahim, Ramaswamy Viswanathan

“…Antipsychotics and benzodiazepines are often not sufficiently effective in the control of agitation/aggression in patients with traumatic brain injury and similar conditions. Our case report and the literature review including a cochrane review suggests that beta-blockers may be helpful in this situation.…”
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Neonatal Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: A Severe Case With Prenatal Indicators and Comprehensive Review of Recognition and Management by Samaneh Parviz, Dariush Hooshyar

“…Diagnostic evaluation confirmed markedly elevated glycine levels in serum and CSF, with a CSF‐to‐plasma glycine ratio exceeding 0.08, and ruled out alternative causes of hyperglycinemia. Brain MRI revealed characteristic malformations, corroborating the diagnosis of severe NKH. …”
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