Tuber Cinereum Diverticula in a 28-Month-Old with Xq21 Deletion Syndrome by Matthew T. Whitehead, Gilbert Vezina

“…We present a case of Xq21 deletion syndrome with midline brain anomalies and a novel hypothalamic malformation.…”
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Parameterization of the Differences in Neural Oscillations Recorded by Wearable Magnetoencephalography for Chinese Semantic Cognition by Xiaoyu Liang, Huanqi Wu, Yuyu Ma, Changzeng Liu, Xiaolin Ning

“…Neural oscillations observed during semantic processing embody the function of brain language processing. Precise parameterization of the differences in these oscillations across various semantics from a time–frequency perspective is pivotal for elucidating the mechanisms of brain language processing. …”
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): progress towards a better understanding and treatment of the syndrome by Mimouni, Nour El Houda, Giacobini, Paolo

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Altered Effective Connectivity of the Primary Motor Cortex in Transient Ischemic Attack by Zeqi Hao, Yulin Song, Yuyu Shi, Hongyu Xi, Hongqiang Zhang, Mengqi Zhao, Jiahao Yu, Lina Huang, Huayun Li

“…Compared with HCs, individuals with TIA demonstrated alterations in the effective connectivity between M1 and widely distributed brain regions involved in motor, visual, auditory, and sensory integration. …”
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Morphological and functional convergence of visual projection neurons from diverse neurogenic origins in Drosophila by Rana Naja El-Danaf, Katarina Kapuralin, Raghuvanshi Rajesh, Félix Simon, Nizar Drou, Filipe Pinto-Teixeira, Mehmet Neset Özel, Claude Desplan

“…We show that LCNs originate from stem cells in four distinct brain regions exhibiting different modes of neurogenesis, including the ventral and dorsal tips of the outer proliferation center, the ventral superficial inner proliferation center and the central brain. …”
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Maintenance of Synaptic Stability Requires Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Activity by Julie Allyson, Xiaoning Bi, Michel Baudry, Guy Massicotte

“…In particular, the paper discusses the possibility that brain iPLA2γ deficiencies could destabilise normal synaptic operation and might contribute to the aetiology of some brain disorders. …”
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The glucocorticoid hypothesis of depression: history and perspectives by G. T. Shishkina, N. N. Dygalo

“…These receptors are widely expressed in the brain. They are important regulators of the transcriptional activities of numerous genes, including the gene for such a plasticity-related protein as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which has been implicated in psychiatric disorders. …”
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Dysfunction in Ribosomal Gene Expression in the Hypothalamus and Hippocampus following Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Male Mice as Revealed by RNA-Seq by Dmitry A. Smagin, Irina L. Kovalenko, Anna G. Galyamina, Anatoly O. Bragin, Yuriy L. Orlov, Natalia N. Kudryavtseva

“…Chronic social defeat stress leads to the development of anxiety- and depression-like states in male mice and is accompanied by numerous molecular changes in brain. The influence of 21-day period of social stress on ribosomal gene expression in five brain regions was studied using the RNA-Seq database. …”
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Parkinson’s disease and exosomes: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment by A. Mišeikaitė, P. Vaitkienė

“…It has been investigated that most cells, including nerve cells, in the brain can secrete these 50-150 nm diameter vesicles which can affect protein activity and gene expression. …”
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Microfluidic Cultures of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons for Assessing Retrograde Cell Death by Live Imaging by Srestha Dasgupta, Mansi Pandya, Wilma Friedman

“…Neurons are highly polarized cells, with axons that may innervate distant target regions. In the brain, basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) possess extensive axons that project to several target regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, and may be exposed to a specific microenvironment in their axon targets that may have retrograde effects on neuronal health. …”
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Caregiver-child neural synchrony: Magic, mirage, or developmental mechanism? by Ellen C. Roche, Elizabeth Redcay, Rachel R. Romeo

“…Young children transition in and out of synchronous states with their caregivers across physiology, behavior, and brain activity, but what do these synchronous periods mean? …”
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Dynamic Learning from Adaptive Neural Control of Uncertain Robots with Guaranteed Full-State Tracking Precision by Min Wang, Yanwen Zhang, Huiping Ye

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Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson’s disease: considerations for study design and data analysis by Samantha L. Schaffner, Kira N. Tosefsky, Amy M. Inskter, Silke Appel-Cresswell, Julia M. Schulze-Hentrich

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Astroglial Plasticity Is Implicated in Hippocampal Remodelling in Adult Rats Exposed to Antenatal Dexamethasone by Vishvesh H. Shende, Simon McArthur, Glenda E. Gillies, Jolanta Opacka-Juffry

“…The long-term effects of antenatal dexamethasone treatment on brain remodelling in 3-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats whose mothers had been treated with dexamethasone were investigated in the present study. …”
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Research on the Distribution of Emergency Supplies during the COVID-19 Epidemic by Jian-guo Zheng, Qing Yang, Shui-lin Chen

“…However, the available research results are still relatively few, and using the brain storm optimization algorithm to solve the emergency supplies distribution problem is still blank. …”
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Sugammadex-Enhanced Neuronal Apoptosis following Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure in Mice by Maiko Satomoto, Zhongliang Sun, Yushi U. Adachi, Koshi Makita

“…Given its molecular weight of 2178, sugammadex is thought to be unable to pass through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Volatile anesthetics can influence BBB opening and integrity. …”
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Effective School Leadership for Supporting Students’ Mental Health: Findings from a Narrative Literature Review by Brian P. Daly, Annie Resnikoff, Shannon Litke

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Progress on neuromodulation for treatment of rare movement disorders by DONG Wen⁃wen, QIU Chang, XU Yi⁃chen, YANG An⁃chao, ZHANG Wen⁃bin

“…However, the emergence of neuromodulation technique such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) offers new hope for patients with rare movement disorders. …”
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Non-dominant hemisphere stroke and spatial neglect: is stimulation of known hobbies and cravings a way to make rehabilitation more effective? by T. Juška, A. Vaitkus, M. E. Klinke, V. Matijošaitis

“… Stroke is an acute neurologic injury that occurs because of brain ischemia or brain hemorrhage. Improved treatment options for stroke have increased patient survival, but the condition remains the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. …”
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Methadone-Induced Delayed Posthypoxic Encephalopathy: Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Findings by Manoj Mittal, Yunxia Wang, Alan Reeves, Kathy Newell

“…Extensive work up was negative for any metabolic, infectious or autoimmune disorder. Brain biopsy showed significant axonal injury in the white matter. …”
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