Pathological Diagnosis of Systemic Amyloidosis in a New Zealand White Rabbit by LIN Qingqing, DAI Jinlong, CHEN Zhisen, GUO Jianmin, YANG Wei

“…Congo red staining showed that the amyloid deposition in the affected organs appeared salmon-pink, and exhibited characteristic apple green birefringence under polarized light microscopy.Conclusion The histo-pathological features of the New Zealand white rabbit are consistent with the diagnostic characteristics of systemic amyloidosis.…”
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Impact of Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Water Caltrop Starch–Lipid Complex: Structural and Physicochemical Properties by Kuan-Wei Huang, Lih-Shiuh Lai

“…All samples exhibited the characteristic birefringence of starch-lipid complexes under the polarized microscope, and flake-like and irregular structure under scanning electron microscope (SEM), indicating the formation of complexes through ultrasonic-assisted preparation. …”
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Acute Attack of Pseudogout with the Wide Lesion in Lumbar Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis by Hironari Kaneyama, Yuichiro Morishita, Osamu Kawano, Takuaki Yamamoto, Takeshi Maeda

“…Based on polarized light microscopy, which revealed monocle or triclinic intracellular crystals with a positive birefringence, the patient was diagnosed with pseudogout of the lumbar spine. …”
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Electrically tunable THz graphene metasurface wave retarders by Park Hyunwoo, Jeong Sodam, Seo Changwon, Park Hyeongi, Oh Donghak, Shim Jae-Eon, Lee Jaeyeong, Ha Taewoo, Kim Hyeon-Don, Baek Soojeong, Min Bumki, Kim Teun-Teun

“…Anisotropic materials with chirality or birefringence can be used to manipulate the polarization states of electromagnetic waves. …”
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Gallium Sulfide-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Sensor for Detection of Brilliant Blue Food Adulteration by Nasih Hma Salah, Baljinder Kaur, Hogr M. Rasul, Yesudasu Vasimalla, Chella Santhosh, Ramachandran Balaji, S. R. Srither, Santosh Kumar

“…The proposed sensor is comprised of a high birefringence layer (HBL) core with non-added formaldehyde (NaF) cladding, silver (Ag) as the plasmonic metal, and GaS for enhanced detection sensitivity. …”
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Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography for five-dimensional imaging of 3D space, spectrum and polarization by Narmada Joshi, Vipin Tiwari, Tauno Kahro, Agnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier, Tatsuki Tahara, Aarne Kasikov, Kaupo Kukli, Saulius Juodkazis, Aile Tamm, Joseph Rosen, Vijayakumar Anand

“…The proposed technique can be a useful tool for birefringence microscopy, and functional and structural imaging applications.…”
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Biological Behavior of Bioactive Glasses SinGlass (45S5) and SinGlass High (F18) in the Repair of Critical Bone Defects by Dayane Maria Braz Nogueira, Marcelie Priscila de Oliveira Rosso, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Cleverson Teixeira Soares, Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis, Jéssica de Oliveira Rossi, Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza Bueno, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogério Leone Buchaim, Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti Zangrando

“…Histomorphological and birefringence analyses revealed better organization of the newly formed bone in the biomaterial-treated groups, and immunohistochemistry indicated the expression of osteogenic markers such as osteocalcin, immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2), and immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP 4). …”
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Experimental implementation of a non-ideal three-waveplate array as a polarization disturbance corrector by J.A. Jiménez-Arias, M. Vázquez-Ibarra, S.A. Salazar-Altamirano, P. Moreno-Martínez, J.M. López-Romero, K. Jiménez-García, N.V. Corzo

“…Polarization disturbance is a significant source of error in polarization-based experiments, where an input state is unpredictably transformed into an unintended state due to the birefringence of optical media. A solution to this problem is the implementation of a polarization disturbance corrector based on a three-waveplate array. …”
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Strong-field QED effects on polarization states in dipole and quadrudipole pulsar emissions by Dong-Hoon Kim, Chul Min Kim, Sang Pyo Kim

“…At a fixed emission frequency, depending on the magnitude of the birefringent vector, dominated mostly by the magnetic field strength, the evolution of the Stokes vector largely exhibits three different patterns: (i) monotonic, or (ii) half-oscillatory, or (iii) highly oscillatory behaviors. …”
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Suppressing Polarization Mode Dispersion with the Quantum Zeno Effect by Ian Nodurft, Alejandro Rodriguez Perez, Naveed Naimipour, Harry C. Shaw

“…We find that this strategy is effective in suppressing the effects of polarization mode dispersion, and that this method produces a global phase shift related to the waveguide’s birefringent properties.…”
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Design and Fabrication of Ultrathin Metallic Phase Shifters for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths by Qing Guo, Jinkui Chu, Chuanlong Guan, Chuxiao Zhang, Ran Zhang

“…The size of optical elements with phase delay that are made from natural birefringent materials is limited; however, fabricating waveplates from dielectric metamaterials is very complex and expensive. …”
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Cubic-quartic optical solitons with polarization-mode dispersion by the improved adomian decomposition scheme by Afrah M. Almalki, A.A. AlQarni, H.O. Bakodah, A.A. Alshaery, Ahmed H. Arnous, Anjan Biswas

“…This research investigates the numerical computation of cubic-quartic optical solitons in birefringent fibers in accordance with Kerr's law. Utilizing the Improved Adomian Decomposition Method (IADM), the study improves the solution of complex-valued nonlinear evolution equations. …”
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Time-varying 3D optical torque via a single beam by Yi-Jing Wu, Jing-Han Zhuang, Pan-Pan Yu, Yi-Fan Liu, Zi-Qiang Wang, Yin-Mei Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Lei Gong

“…Control of 3D optical torque on birefringent microparticles is validated by simulations, and dynamic 3D rotations of optically trapped particles around arbitrary axes are experimentally demonstrated. …”
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Ultrastructural studies distinguish skin diversities among Galápagos iguanas by Manuel Scimeca, Rita Bonfiglio, Giuliano Colosimo, Eleonora Candi, Glenn P. Gerber, Gregory A. Lewbart, Alessandro Mauriello, Gerry Melino, Christian Sevilla, Yufang Shi, Ying Wang, Gabriele Gentile

“…Notably, the absence of iridophores was consistent across all samples due to the absence of birefringent material under the optical microscope. Morphometric evaluations highlighted interspecific differences in the stratum corneum thickness, particularly between black- and non-black-colored (irrespectively if yellowish or pink) skin. …”
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