The Safety and Efficacy of Weighted Baseballs by Michael M Reinold, Leonard C Macrina

“…One of the most common methods of training to enhance pitching velocity is the use of weighted baseballs. As with anything else, the excitement and popularity often proceed our scientific understanding. …”
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Descriptive Strength and Range of Motion in Youth Baseball Players by Ross M Nakaji, Todd S Ellenbecker, Kevin M McClenahan, Lianna M Roberts, Chase Perez, Scott B Dickenson

“…# Background There are limited studies reporting descriptive strength and range of motion in youth baseball players 12 years of age or younger. # Purpose To establish normative data for external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation range of motion (ROM), total arc range of motion (TROM), and isometric rotator cuff strength in youth baseball players, and to compare between the dominant throwing arm (D) to the non-dominant arm (ND)…”
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Unilateral baseball pitching: morphological and functional adaptations in the neck muscles by Leila Rahnama, Ceren Acik, Christine Dy, Stefan Keslacy

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Reliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers by Steven F DeFroda, Dai Sugimoto, Steven J Staffa, Donald S Bae, Ellen Shanley, Charles A Thigpen, Peter K Kriz

“… # Methods Adolescent baseball pitchers underwent analysis using 2D video in indoor settings. …”
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Development of an Injury Burden Prediction Model in Professional Baseball Pitchers by Garrett Bullock, Charles Thigpen, Gary Collins, Nigel Arden, Thomas Noonan, Michael Kissenberth, Ellen Shanley

“…# Background Baseball injuries are a significant problem and have increased in incidence over the last decade. …”
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Youth Baseball Caregiver Understanding of Safe Pitching Guidelines and Player Injury by Christian Reintgen, Giorgio Zeppieri Jr, Michelle Bruner, MaryBeth Horodyski, Andrew Waligora, M Seth Smith, Kevin W Farmer

“…# Background As more athletes participate in youth baseball, there has been an associated increase in upper extremity injuries. …”
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Evaluation and Treatment of Baseball Pitchers: There’s More to Assess than the Arm by Matthew L Gauthier, Casey A Unverzagt, George J Davies

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An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data by Michael M. Reinold, Brittany Dowling, Glenn S. Fleisig, Leonard C. Macrina, Kevin E. Wilk, John T. Streepy, James R. Andrews

“…# Background Interval throwing programs (ITP) have been used for decades to enable baseball pitchers to return to competition after injury or surgery by gradually applying load to the throwing arm. …”
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Biomechanical Basis of Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review by Travis Dias, Benjamin G. Lerch, Jonathan S. Slowik, Kevin E. Wilk, James R. Andrews, E. Lyle Cain, Glenn S. Fleisig

“…If the athlete is a baseball pitcher, the flat-ground throwing phase is followed by pitching on a mound at progressively increased effort. …”
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Comparison of Glenohumeral Range of Motion Deficits in Youth, Collegiate, and Professional Baseball Players by C. Luke Wilcox, Hillary A. Plummer, Roger V. Ostrander III

“…# Background Examining range of motion deficits across levels of baseball competition can result in a better understanding of the extent of altered range of motion patterns and identify competition levels that may require preventative interventions that target the deficits…”
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Measuring the Average Peak Timing of Kinematic Variables in Youth and Adolescent Baseball Pitchers by Mark Boland, Daniel Zambanini, Ivan Mulligan, Sean Donegan

“… # Purpose To determine whether youth and adolescent baseball pitchers will experience peaks in certain kinematic variables at different times throughout the pitching cycle compared to professional/collegiate pitchers…”
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Machine Learning Does Not Improve Humeral Torsion Prediction Compared to Regression in Baseball Pitchers by Garrett S Bullock, Charles A Thigpen, Gary S Collins, Nigel K Arden, Thomas K Noonan, Michael J Kissenberth, Ellen Shanley

“… # Conclusion This is the first study to show that machine learning models do not improve baseball humeral torsion prediction compared to a traditional regression model. …”
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Comparison of OnBaseU Tests with Biomechanical Motion Analysis in Youth Baseball Pitchers by Tessa Hulburt, Taylor Catalano, Kristen F. Nicholson

“…# Background The OnBaseU screen was developed to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s ability to perform movement patterns key to pitching. …”
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Normalized Isometric Shoulder Strength as a Predictor of Ball Velocity in Youth Baseball Players by Amanda J Arnold, Charles A Thigpen, Paul F Beattie, Stacy L Fritz, Michael J Kissenberth, John M Tokish, Ellen Shanley

“…# BACKGROUND Despite increased awareness of factors related to athletic performance and injury prevention, youth and adolescent baseball players continue to report injuries at alarming rates. …”
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Periscapular Strength Profile Changes in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers Over the Course of a Season by Patrick S Pabian, Victoria Roach, Roselin Howard, Lauren Johnston, Ryan McGuire

“… # Conclusion Periscapular muscles in baseball pitchers diminish in strength over the course of a collegiate baseball season. …”
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The Intra- and Inter-rater Reliability of an Arm Care Screening Tool in High School Baseball Coaches by Kyle A. Matsel, Stephanie N. Brown, Matt C. Hoch, Robert J. Butler, Philip M. Westgate, Terry R. Malone, Tim L. Uhl

“…# Background Preseason movement screening can identify modifiable risk factors, deterioration of function, and potential for injury in baseball players. Limited resources and time intensive testing procedures prevent high school coaches from accurately performing frequent movement screens on their players…”
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Identifying Risk Factors of Upper Extremity Injuries in Collegiate Baseball Players: A Pilot Study by Robert Slowik, Christopher Morris, Matthew Hoch, Timothy Uhl

“… # Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-season physical measurements in collegiate baseball players and track in-season baseball throwing volume to determine which factors may predict throwing overuse injuries…”
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Association Between Passive Hip Range of Motion and Pitching Kinematics in High School Baseball Pitchers by Hillary A. Plummer, Nicole M. Bordelon, Kyle W. Wasserberger, Tyler J. Opitz, Adam W. Anz, Gretchen D. Oliver

“… # Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the association of hip rotational PROM with pelvis and trunk rotation during pitching in high school baseball pitchers. Study Design: Cross-sectional. # Methods Twenty-five healthy high school baseball pitchers volunteered (15.9 ± 1.1 years; 180.4 ± 5.5 cm; 75.4 ± 9.3 kg). …”
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Dominant Arm Internal and External Rotation Strength is Related to Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players by Jeffrey Paskewitz, Fred Breidenbach, Philip Malloy, P Michael Eckrich, Ryan Zarzycki

“…# Background and Purpose The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. …”
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Workload Comparison of Contemporary Interval Throwing Programs and a Novel Optimized Program for Baseball Pitchers by Brittany Dowling, Christopher M Brusalis, John T Streepy, Alexander Hodakowski, Patrick J Pauley, Dave Heidloff, Grant E Garrigues, Nikhil N Verma, Glenn S Fleisig

“…# Background In the rehabilitation of injured baseball pitchers, there is lack of consensus on how to guide a player back to pitching. …”
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