Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A physiologically relevant animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy. by Annie K Ryan, Brooke I Asemota, Tyler Heisler-Taylor, Claire Mello, Luis Rodriguez, William E Sponsel, Julie Racine, Tonia S Rex, Randolph D Glickman, Matthew A Reilly

“…TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. …”
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Direct‐Print 3D Electrodes for Large‐Scale, High‐Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces by Pingyu Wang, Eric G. Wu, Hasan Uluşan, Eric Tianjiao Zhao, A.J. Phillips, Alexandra Kling, Madeline Rose Hays, Praful Krishna Vasireddy, Sasidhar Madugula, Ramandeep Vilkhu, Andreas Hierlemann, Guosong Hong, E.J. Chichilnisky, Nicholas A. Melosh

“…The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in tackling the critical challenge of interfacing with the retina—specifically, selectively targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas while avoiding the axon bundle layer. 6,600‐microelectrode, 35 µm pitch, tissue‐penetrating arrays are fabricated to obtain high‐fidelity, high‐resolution, and large‐scale retinal recording that reveals little axonal interference, a capability previously undemonstrated. …”
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Synaptic vesicle characterization of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons provides insight into distinct secretory vesicle pools by Kenshiro Fujise, Jaya Mishra, Martin Shaun Rosenfeld, Nisha Mohd Rafiq

“…These vesicles also colocalized with SV markers (e.g., VAMP2, SV2C), and can be clustered by synapsin. Moreover, DA axonal terminals in mouse striata showed similar vesicle pool diversity. …”
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Comparative proteomic analysis of astrocytoma tissues from patients with and without seizures by Thanakorn Khaosuwan, Kittinun Leetanaporn, Pongsakorn Choochuen, Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul, Anukoon Kaewborisutsakul, Thara Tunthanatip, Surasak Sangkhathat, Wararat Chiangjong, Kanitpong Phabphal

“…Moreover, glial fibrillary acidic protein, which is involved in maintaining normal axonal structures, was abnormally highly expressed in patients with seizures. …”
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Research Progress on Biomaterials for Spinal Cord Repair by Liao Z, Bao Q, Saijilahu, Chimedtseren C, Tumurbaatar K, Saijilafu

“…In addition, the glial scars and inflammatory responses around the lesion site are another major obstacle for successful axon regeneration after SCI. However, biomaterials are highly biocompatible, and they could provide physical guidance to allow regenerating axon growth over the lesion site and restore functional neural circuits. …”
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Palmitoylethanolamide Is a Disease-Modifying Agent in Peripheral Neuropathy: Pain Relief and Neuroprotection Share a PPAR-Alpha-Mediated Mechanism by L. Di Cesare Mannelli, G. D'Agostino, A. Pacini, R. Russo, M. Zanardelli, C. Ghelardini, A. Calignano

“…Moreover, osmicated preparations revealed a decrease in axon diameter and myelin thickness. Repeated treatments with PEA reduced the presence of oedema and macrophage infiltrate, and a significant higher myelin sheath, axonal diameter, and a number of fibers were observable. …”
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Basic fibroblast growth factor helps protect facial nerve cells in a freeze-induced paralysis model. by Shinji Iwata, Hiroyuki Yamada, Masato Teraoka, Takemichi Tanaka, Takuya Kimura, Tomonori Joko, Yasuhiko Tabata, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Naohito Hato

“…Severe axonal damage in the peripheral nerves results in retrograde degeneration towards the central side, leading to neuronal cell death, eventually resulting in incomplete axonal regeneration and functional recovery. …”
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Influence of Different ECM-Like Hydrogels on Neurite Outgrowth Induced by Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by E. Oliveira, R. C. Assunção-Silva, O. Ziv-Polat, E. D. Gomes, F. G. Teixeira, N. A. Silva, A. Shahar, A. J. Salgado

“…Moreover, the presence of different ECM-derived biological cues within the hydrogels appears to differently affect the mRNA levels of growth factors involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, and axonal outgrowth. All the hydrogel-based systems supported axonal growth mediated by ASCs, but this effect was more robust in functionalized GG. …”
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An unstable variant of GAP43 leads to neurodevelopmental deficiency by Mariko Noda, Ayumi Matsumoto, Hidenori Ito, Masayo Kagami, Toshihiro Tajima, Takayoshi Matsumura, Takanori Yamagata, Koh-ichi Nagata

“…Abstract Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is a membrane-associated phosphoprotein predominantly expressed in the nervous systems, and controls axonal growth, branching, and pathfinding. While the association between GAP43 and human neurological disorders have been reported, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. …”
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miRNAs Participate in MS Pathological Processes and Its Therapeutic Response by Ting Wu, Guangjie Chen

“…It is believed that the increased migration of autoreactive lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be responsible for axonal demyelination of neurons. In this review, we discuss microRNAs participating in the pathological processes of MS, including periphery inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and CNS lesions, and in its therapeutic response, in order to find biomarkers of disease severity and to predict the response to therapy of the diseases.…”
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Shenfu Injection Protects Brain Injury in Rats with Cardiac Arrest through Nogo/NgR Pathway by Haixia Deng, Zhanhong Tang, Peng Tuo, Ruihua Wu, Si Jia, Xuan Zhao, Deqing Huang, Yuguang Gao, Zhou Lan

“…The effect of Shenfu injection on brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) along with the underlying mechanism of axonal regeneration was explored. CA/CPR model in rats was established for subsequent experiments. …”
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Peripheral Nerve Ultrasonography in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy and Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: Correlations with Clinical and Neurophysiological Dat... by Aristide Merola, Michela Rosso, Alberto Romagnolo, Erdita Peci, Dario Cocito

“…Higher CSA values were observed in nerves with demyelinating features versus axonal damage (p<0.05 for CIDP; p<0.05 for MMN). Discussion and Conclusions. …”
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Unilateral Acute Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with an Already Established Diagnosis of Bilateral Optic Disc Drusen by Ziya Ayhan, Aylin Yaman, Meltem Söylev Bajin, A. Osman Saatci

“…Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcific deposits that form in the optic nerve head secondary to abnormalities in axonal metabolism and degeneration. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery, and vein occlusion are among the rare vascular complications of disc drusen. …”
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A vascular endothelial growth factor–loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold enhances the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells in the context of stroke by Zhijian Zheng, Xiaohui Lin, Zijun Zhao, Qiang Lin, Ji Liu, Manli Chen, Wenwen Wu, Zhiyun Wu, Nan Liu, Hongbin Chen

“…It also helped maintain mitochondrial integrity and axonal morphology, greatly improving rat motor function and angiogenesis. …”
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The Effectiveness of Ebselen in Facial Nerve Crush Injury: An Experimental Study by Lütfü Şeneldir, Veysel Alparslan Gölcük, Gökçe Tanyeri Toker, Ayşegül Verim, Pembegül Güneş

“…These groups also showed similar features in terms of histopathological parameters such as axonal degeneration, vascular congestion, axon diameter, and myelin thickness. …”
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Reduced Fascicle Area Demonstrated in Ilioinguinal Nerves Resected from Primary Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Patients as Evidence of Compression Neuropathy by Robert Wright, Donald E. Born, Troy Sanders, Jordan Landes, Troy Salisbury, Anjali S. Kumar, Makena Horne

“…Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the observed effect of nerve location on the total nerve cross-sectional area and axon loss.…”
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Biomaterial-based strategies: a new era in spinal cord injury treatment by Shihong Zhu, Sijun Diao, Xiaoyin Liu, Zhujun Zhang, Fujun Liu, Wei Chen, Xiyue Lu, Huiyang Luo, Xu Cheng, Qiang Liao, Zhongyu Li, Jing Chen

“…Additionally, these scaffolds should facilitate axon growth and neurogenesis by offering adjustable topography and a range of physical and biochemical cues. …”
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Neurosarcoidosis camouflaging as partial miller: Fisher syndrome by B N Shiva Prasad, Subramanian Ramaswamy, Aumir Moin, Srinivas Nalloor

“…Peripheral neuropathy is one of them. Symmetrical axonal type sensory-motor polyneuropathy is the most common form; focal and multifocal neuropathy, polyradiculopathy, and vascular neuropathy are among the others. …”
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Guillain–barre syndrome as a presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus in a child and it's complete resolution with rituximab treatment by Rahul Reddy, Anu Punnen, Annie Bella, Sathish Kumar

“…We report a 9-year-old girl who presented with acute motor axonal polyradiculoneuropathy and noticed to have features of SLE. …”
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