Methadone-Induced Delayed Posthypoxic Encephalopathy: Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Findings by Manoj Mittal, Yunxia Wang, Alan Reeves, Kathy Newell

“…Brain biopsy showed significant axonal injury in the white matter. He was treated successfully with combination of steroids and antioxidants. …”
Get full text

Evaluating neurofilament light chain serum levels as a diagnostic marker for Lyme neuroborreliosis by Cédric Hirzel, Annina Grütter, Denis Grandgirard, Robert Hoepner, Franziska Suter-Riniker, Stephen L. Leib

“…Background: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a biomarker for neuro-axonal injury. Objectives: To assess sNfL’s utility as a diagnostic marker for Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). …”
Get full text

Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Astrocyte Activation in Spinal Ventral Horn Contributes to Nerve Regeneration by Changhui Qian, Dandan Tan, Xianghai Wang, Lixia Li, Jinkun Wen, Mengjie Pan, Yuanyuan Li, Wutian Wu, Jiasong Guo

“…Furthermore, administering fluorocitrate to inhibit astrocyte activation resulted in decreased neurotrophin expression in the spinal ventral horn and delayed axonal regeneration in the nerve as well as motor function recovery. …”
Get full text

GABAB receptors regulate the neural stem cell potential of Pkd2l1+ cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by Liang Cao, Wei-Hong Yan, Wenjun Pi, Yi Zhang, Yan-Xiang Xiong, V. Wee Yong, Mengzhou Xue, Qing Li, Chunfu Zheng, Leiluo Yang

“…Additionally, this activation mitigated vacuole loss and neuronal damage in the pericentral canal region of the spinal cord, attenuated myelin and axonal loss within the spinal cord, and facilitated motor function recovery in SCI model mice. …”
Get full text

Autonomic Testing in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Implications of Reproducible Gastrointestinal Complaints during Tilt Table Testing by Shaista Safder, Thomas C. Chelimsky, Mary Ann O'Riordan, Gisela Chelimsky

“…We compared results of TTT, Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing and the axon reflex sweat test. Overall treatment response and that specific to fludrocortisone was ranked from 1 to 5, with 1 “much worse,” 3 “neutral,” and 5 “much better.” …”
Get full text

Development of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy 11 Days after Spinal Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review by Eiichi Kakehi, Tadataka Kawakami, Yukiko Ishikawa, Takashi Matsuoka, Naoki Nakagawa, Tugutake Morishita, Shohei Taniguchi, Yukinobu Akamatsu, Shigehisa Sakurai, Akane Hirotani, Takafumi Nozaki, Keisuke Shoji, Seiji Adachi, Kazuhiko Kotani, Masami Matsumura

“…Although anti-GM1 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies were positive, the patient was clinically diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (a subtype of GBS), not acute motor axonal neuropathy. She recovered well with immunoglobulin therapy. …”
Get full text

The optic radiations and reading development: A longitudinal study of children born term and preterm by Lisa Bruckert, Garikoitz Lerma-Usabiaga, Lauren R. Borchers, Virginia A. Marchman, Katherine E. Travis, Heidi M. Feldman

“…Negative associations implicate increasing axonal diameter and/or complexity in fiber structure as drivers of faster reading development.…”
Get full text

Altered Recruitment of the Attention Network Is Associated with Disability and Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Patients with Acquired Brain Injury by Sandra Strazzer, Maria A. Rocca, Erika Molteni, Ermelinda De Meo, Monica Recla, Paola Valsasina, Filippo Arrigoni, Susanna Galbiati, Alessandra Bardoni, Massimo Filippi

“…Such abnormal brain recruitment was significantly influenced by the type of lesion (focal versus diffuse axonal injury) and time elapsed from the event. Pediatric ABI patients experienced an inability to optimize attention network recruitment, especially when task difficulty was increased, which likely contributes to their clinical and cognitive deficits.…”
Get full text

Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury by Zhida Ma, Congpeng Meng, Xiang Wang, Yuanzhe Zhao, Jingwen Wang, Yihao Chen, Yiteng Li, Yan Jiang, Fangru Ouyang, Jianjian Li, Meige Zheng, Li Cheng, Juehua Jing

“…In vivo, trehalose administration markedly reduced myelin debris accumulation, inhibited foamy macrophage formation, suppressed inflammatory responses, decreased fibrotic scarring, and promoted axonal growth and motor function recovery after SCI. …”
Get full text

Exploring the microbiota-gut-brain axis: impact on brain structure and function by Lidya K. Yassin, Mohammed M. Nakhal, Alreem Alderei, Afra Almehairbi, Ayishal B. Mydeen, Amal Akour, Mohammad I. K. Hamad

“…In the initial stages of this review, we will examine the way how MGBA affects neurogenesis, neuronal dendritic morphology, axonal myelination, microglia structure, brain blood barrier (BBB) structure and permeability, and synaptic structure. …”
Get full text

The Association between Serum Cytokines and Damage to Large and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Francesca Magrinelli, Chiara Briani, Marcello Romano, Susanna Ruggero, Elisabetta Toffanin, Giuseppa Triolo, George Chummar Peter, Marialuigia Praitano, Matteo Francesco Lauriola, Giampietro Zanette, Stefano Tamburin

“…Raised serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 correlated with markers of large nerve fiber sensory and motor axonal damage. Raised IL-10 serum level was associated with signs of motor nerve demyelination. …”
Get full text

Cryopreservation of primary neonatal rat oligodendrocytes and recapitulation of in vitro oligodendrocyte characteristics by Hanki Kim, Hanki Kim, Bum Jun Kim, Bum Jun Kim, Seungyon Koh, Seungyon Koh, Seungyon Koh, Hyo Jin Cho, Byung Gon Kim, Byung Gon Kim, Jun Young Choi, Jun Young Choi

“…After induction of differentiation for four days, ~43% of both control and cryopreserved OPCs differentiated into mature OLs, and when differentiation was induced on aligned nanofibers mimicking axonal structure, myelin sheath-like structures indicative of in vitro myelination was observed in all experimental groups.ConclusionThe validation of cryopreserved primary OLs as a functionally robust in vitro model can help improve the efficiency of primary OL culture, expand its applications, and reduce the inevitable sacrifice of animals.…”
Get full text

Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function by Luis Miguel Román-Pintos, Geannyne Villegas-Rivera, Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez, Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz, Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz

“…These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and nucleic acid damage, to finally induce axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The prevalence of DPN ranges from 2.4% to 78.8% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic method and the population assessed (hospital-based or outpatients). …”
Get full text

Age-Related Decrease in the Schaffer Collateral-Evoked EPSP in Awake, Freely, Behaving Rats by C. A. Barnes, G. Rao, G. Orr

“…These electrophysiological findings are consistent with the hypothesis that old rats have fewer functional synaptic contacts per Schaffer collateral axon than do young rats. The possibility that this age change arises as a result of a differential tissue recovery response to in vitro preparation was examined in the present study. …”
Get full text

The transcriptional response of cortical neurons to concussion reveals divergent fates after injury by Mor R. Alkaslasi, Eliza Y. H. Lloyd, Austin S. Gable, Hanna Silberberg, Hector E. Yarur, Valerie S. Tsai, Mira Sohn, Gennady Margolin, Hugo A. Tejeda, Claire E. Le Pichon

“…To investigate the mechanism controlling layer V neuron death, we genetically silenced candidate stress response pathways. We found that the axon injury responsive dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is required for the layer V neuron death. …”
Get full text

CircSATB2 modulates fear extinction memory via Robo3-driven synaptic plasticity by Ziyue Xu, Jichun Shi, Runming Liu, Zhehao Li, Shuangxiang Xu, Hao Gong, Mingyue Fu, Hongyu Xu, Shuangqi Yu, Junhui Liu, Huiqing Wu, Xiang Li, Sha Liu, Wei Wei

“…RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses revealed that circSatb2 enhances the transcription of Roundabout Guidance Receptor 3 (Robo3), a key gene implicated in axon guidance and synaptic plasticity, which was validated by RT-qPCR. …”
Get full text

Measuring Hemoglobin Levels in the Optic Disc of Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using New Colorimetric Analysis Software by Maria Pilar Bambo, Elena Garcia-Martin, Maria Satue, Susana Perez-Olivan, Silvia Alayon, Marta Gonzalez-Hernandez, Vicente Polo, Jose Manuel Larrosa, Manuel Gonzalez-De la Rosa

“…Measurements of optic disc Hb levels obtained with the Laguna ONhE software had good ability to detect optic nerve color changes (more papillary paleness and consequently this could suggest optic atrophy and axonal loss) in PD patients.…”
Get full text

Effect of regional crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic pain by Zhangyu Ma, Qianqian Wan, Wenpin Qin, Wen Qin, Janfei Yan, Yina Zhu, Yuzhu Wang, Yuxuan Ma, Meichen Wan, Xiaoxiao Han, Haoyan Zhao, Yuxuan Hou, Franklin R. Tay, Lina Niu, Kai Jiao

“…In vitro experiments also confirmed that norepinephrine released by sympathetic neurons promotes the activation and axonal growth of sensory neurons. Moreover, we also discovered that through releasing norepinephrine, regional sympathetic nerves of subchondral bone were found to regulate growth and activation of local sensory nerves synergistically with other pain regulators. …”
Get full text

Macropinocytosis enhances foamy macrophage formation and cholesterol crystallization to activate NLRP3 inflammasome after spinal cord injury by Chenxi Zhang, Shujie Zhao, Zhenfei Huang, Ao Xue, Hao Liu, Siming Dai, Ziyang Zheng, Yin Li, Xiaodong Guo, Jun Gu, Feng Zhang, Fubing Wang, Yongxiang Wang, Xiaohua Zhou, Shujun Zhang, Hanwen Zhang, Jun Shen, Jian Chen, Guoyong Yin

“…Inhibition of macropinocytosis might reverse this effect, resulting in enhanced axonal regeneration and reduced neural apoptosis, thereby improving outcomes after SCI. …”
Get full text

Traumatic Brain Injury Promotes Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Subcortical Brain Regions of Mice by Olga Astakhova, Anna Ivanova, Ilia Komoltsev, Natalia Gulyaeva, Grigori Enikolopov, Alexander Lazutkin

“…These findings suggest that subcortical structures, particularly the striatum and optic tract, may possess a potential for self-repair through neuronal regeneration and axon remyelination.…”
Get full text