Model System for Live Imaging of Neuronal Responses to Injury and Repair by Mathieu Gravel, Yuan-Cheng Weng, Jasna Kriz

“…Although it has been well established that induction of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) during development coincides with axonal outgrowth and early synapse formation, the existence of neuronal plasticity and neurite outgrowth in the adult central nervous system after injuries is more controversial. …”
Get full text

The link between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Literature review by A. Kubiliūtė, R. Liutkevičienė

“…Immuno-modulated myelin sheathing and axonal loss causing irreversible neurological dysfunction can be found in both pathologies. …”
Get full text

Microglia and Synapse: Interactions in Health and Neurodegeneration by Zuzana Šišková, Marie-Ève Tremblay

“…Microglial contacts with individual neuronal compartments, such as dendritic spines and axonal terminals, ensure that redundant or dysfunctional elements are recognized and eliminated from the brain. …”
Get full text

The Benefits and Detriments of Macrophages/Microglia in Models of Multiple Sclerosis by Khalil S. Rawji, V. Wee Yong

“…Many studies, however, have also reported beneficial roles of macrophages/microglia, including axon regenerative roles, assistance in promoting remyelination, clearance of inhibitory myelin debris, and the release of neurotrophic factors. …”
Get full text

Self‐Healing COCu‐Tac Hydrogel Enhances iNSCs Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Mitophagy via the FKBP52/AKT Pathway by Zhenming Tian, Han‐Jian Hu, Chun Cheung Chan, Tian Hu, Chaoyang Cai, Hong Li, Limin Rong, Gang‐Biao Jiang, Bin Liu

“…This research reveals that the sustained release of tacrolimus enhances axonal growth and improves mitochondrial quality control in iNSCs and neurons. …”
Get full text

The Organotypic Longitudinal Spinal Cord Slice Culture for Stem Cell Study by Joanna Sypecka, Sylwia Koniusz, Maria Kawalec, Anna Sarnowska

“…All the processes occurring during axonal growth, regeneration, synapse formation, and myelination could be visualized while being cultured in vitro for up to 4-5 weeks after the slices had been isolated. …”
Get full text

Inherited Paediatric Motor Neuron Disorders: Beyond Spinal Muscular Atrophy by Hooi Ling Teoh, Kate Carey, Hugo Sampaio, David Mowat, Tony Roscioli, Michelle Farrar

“…Common pathophysiologies include abnormalities in axonal architecture and function, RNA processing, and protein quality control. …”
Get full text

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy: Pathogenesis of Intellectual Disability Beyond Channelopathies by Alexandra D. Medyanik, Polina E. Anisimova, Angelina O. Kustova, Victor S. Tarabykin, Elena V. Kondakova

“…Although channelopathies indeed make up a significant proportion of DEE cases, many other mechanisms have been identified: impaired neurogenesis, metabolic disorders, disruption of dendrite and axon growth, maintenance and synapse formation abnormalities —synaptopathies. …”
Get full text

Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases by Yunlong Ma, Dingping Jiang, Jingjing Li, Gongwei Zheng, Yao Deng, Xuanxuan Gou, Shuaishuai Gao, Cheng Chen, Yijun Zhou, Yaru Zhang, Chunyu Deng, Yinghao Yao, Haijun Han, Jianzhong Su

“…Functionally, excitatory neuron-specific regulons were involved in axon guidance and synaptic activity, while microglia-specific regulons were associated with immune response and cell activation. …”
Get full text

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Evaluation of Corticospinal Tract Hyperintensity in Upper Motor Neuron-Predominant ALS Patients by Venkateswaran Rajagopalan, Didier Allexandre, Guang H. Yue, Erik P. Pioro

“…The IC abnormalities suggest a prominent axonopathy in UMN-predominant ALS and that tissue changes underlying CST hyperintensity have specific DTI changes, suggestive of unique axonal pathology.…”
Get full text

The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecule Genes Regulating Neuroplasticity in Addiction by Dawn E. Muskiewicz, George R. Uhl, F. Scott Hall

“…Considering the well-documented evidence supporting a role for various CAMs in synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and regeneration, it is not surprising that allelic variation in CAM genes might also play a role in addiction liability. …”
Get full text

A Novel Heterozygous De Novo MORC2 Missense Variant Causes an Early Onset and Severe Neurodevelopmental Disorder by Daniel Arbide, Nour Elkhateeb, Ewa Goljan, Carolina Perez Gonzalez, Anna Maw, Soo-Mi Park

“…MORC2 may have a role in the development of neurones, and dominant variants in this gene have recently been linked with disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2Z disease, spinal muscular atrophy and, more recently, a neurodevelopmental syndrome consisting of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN), presenting with hypotonia, microcephaly, brain atrophy, intellectual disability, hearing loss, faltering growth, and craniofacial dysmorphism. …”
Get full text

ANCA-Associated Vasculitic Neuropathy: A Case Report by M. Jakiševaitė, I. Navickaitė, G. Žemgulytė

“…Nerve conduction study (NCS) reveals axonal loss in multiple individual nerves, whereas a length-dependent process may also be observed. …”
Get full text

The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy by Filiz Onat, My Andersson, Nihan Çarçak

“…Meanwhile, oligodendrocytes, primarily involved in myelination, also modulate axonal excitability and contribute to the neuron–glia network underlying seizure pathogenesis. …”
Get full text

Case report: Guillain-Barré syndrome and possible association with Lyme disease by I. Muliuolis, E. Tilindytė, R. Samaitienė

“… Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating or axon-damaging polyneuropathy. It is characterized by sensory, motor and reflex disorder, damaged cranial nerves, autonomic disorders, and, less frequently, damage to the central nervous system. …”
Get full text

Brainstem and Cerebellar Involvement in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome by Vijay Letchuman, Charles D. Donohoe

“…The common pathogenesis is associated with anterograde axonal reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion. …”
Get full text

Hyaluronidase-responsive hydrogel loaded with magnetic nanoparticles combined with external magnetic stimulation for spinal cord injury repair by Zhiyi Fan, Guofu Zhang, Wanda Zhan, Juehan Wang, Chaoyong Wang, QianYing Yue, Zhangheng Huang, Yongxiang Wang

“…In cellular experiments, the novel hydrogel significantly promoted neural axon growth and development under an external magnetic field. …”
Get full text

Synthesis of Functional Polyester Based on Polylactic Acid and Its Effect on PC12 Cells after Coupling with Small Peptides by Na Qiang, Shuo Tang, Xiang Liao, Hao Liang, Fang Xie, Ji-xiang Zhu

“…The small peptide was beneficial to the axon growth of PC12 cells.…”
Get full text

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: a case series report by S. Naudžiūnaitė, R. Bunevičiūtė, B. Burnytė

“…In five patients, electroneurography showed signs of demyelinating type, in one – mixed (predominantly axonal). This study highlights the diversity of the clinical course of HNPP and the importance of early diagnosis including electrophysiological studies and genetic testing of copy number variation at 17p12 locus, which can prevent clinical manifestations of the disease and/or complications. …”
Get full text

Dysfunction of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases in Alzheimer's Disease by William Z. Suo, Longxuan Li

“…The deficiency of GRK5, on the other hand, impairs presynaptic M2 autoreceptor desensitization, which leads to a reduced acetylcholine release, axonal/synaptic degenerative changes, and associated amnestic, mild cognitive impairment. …”
Get full text