Defects in hair cells disrupt the development of auditory peripheral circuitry by Riley T. Bottom, Yijun Xu, Caroline Siebald, Jinsei Jung, Ulrich Müller

“…This includes genes regulating axonal pathfinding and synaptogenesis, two processes that are disrupted in the inner ear of the mutant mice. …”
Get full text

Decoding cortical folding patterns in marmosets using machine learning and large language model by Yue Wu, Xuesong Gao, Zhengliang Liu, Pengcheng Wang, Zihao Wu, Yiwei Li, Tuo Zhang, Tianming Liu, Tao Liu, Xiao Li

“…Further, gene enrichment analysis, neural migration analysis, and axon guidance pathway analysis were employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these structural and functional differences. …”
Get full text

Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis induces thirst-driven sniffing by Wei He, Luo Shi, Ziteng Yue, Ke Zhao, Xiaoyi Wang, Kailin Wang, Xinyi Jing, Shangyu Bi, Tianjiao Deng, Xue Zhao, Xiaochen Tian, Xiangchen Ma, Yongqiang Chen, Fang Yuan, Sheng Wang

“…Photostimulation of both OVLTGlut neurons and their axon terminals within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) induces robust sniffing. …”
Get full text

Rare coexistence of spinal muscular atrophy with membranous nephropathy – A clinical conundrum with management dilemma by Gerry G. Mathew, Jayaprakash Varadharajan, Sreedhar Sailapathy, R. Kalpana

“…Electromyogram was suggestive of chronic motor axonal loss with a myogenic pattern, and a deltoid muscle biopsy revealed groups of atrophic muscle fibers and hypertrophic fibers with pan fascicular atrophy suggestive of adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy. …”
Get full text

Fahr Syndrome Unknown Complication: Overactive Bladder by Devrim Tuglu, Ercan Yuvanç, Fatih Bal, Yakup Türkel, Ersel Dağ, Erdal Yılmaz, Ertan Batislam

“…We consider the detrusor overactivity which occurred one year after the start of the neurological symptoms as the suprapontine inhibition and damage in the axonal pathways in the Fahr syndrome.…”
Get full text

Childhood polyarteritis nodosa presenting as central nervous system vasculitis by Sham Santhanam, Ravikumar Thambithurai, Nataraj Palaniappan, Mukul Vij, Srinivasan Kalyanasundaram

“…She also had systemic symptoms, myalgia, leg ulcers, weight loss, axonal neuropathy, and proteinuria. She was treated with pulse methylprednisolone, monthly intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immunoglobulin. …”
Get full text

Combination Treatment of C16 Peptide and Angiopoietin-1 Alleviates Neuromyelitis Optica in an Experimental Model by Yuanyuan Zhang, Kewei Tian, Hong Jiang, Beibei Wang, Shu Han

“…Our results demonstrated that this combination therapy significantly decreased disease severity, inflammatory cell infiltration, secondary demyelination, and axonal loss, thus reducing neural death. In conclusion, our study suggests a possible treatment that can relieve progressive blindness and paralysis in an animal model of NMO through improvement of the inflammatory milieu.…”
Get full text

Bone Marrow-Derived, Neural-Like Cells Have the Characteristics of Neurons to Protect the Peripheral Nerve in Microenvironment by Shi-lei Guo, Zhi-ying Zhang, Yan Xu, Yun-xia Zhi, Chang-jie Han, Yu-hao Zhou, Fang Liu, Hai-yan Lin, Chuan-sen Zhang

“…Effective repair of peripheral nerve defects is difficult because of the slow growth of new axonal growth. We propose that “neural-like cells” may be useful for the protection of peripheral nerve destructions. …”
Get full text

Usefulness of spectral domain optical coherence tomography in assessing the clinical course of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A case series by Vrinda Viswanath, R Neena

“…OCT PP RNFL thickness was found to correlate with an increase and decrease in disk edema; however, in the presence of optic atrophy, mGCL was found to be a better predictor of ongoing axonal damage. A valid relationship was found between the patient’s clinical course, visual field changes as well as the RNFL and GCL parameters in OCT. …”
Get full text

Longitudinal investigation of neurobiological changes across pregnancy by Yanbin Niu, Benjamin N. Conrad, M. Catalina Camacho, Sanjana Ravi, Hannah A. Piersiak, Lauren G. Bailes, Whitney Barnett, Mary Kate Manhard, David A. Cole, Ellen Wright Clayton, Sarah S. Osmundson, Seth A. Smith, Autumn Kujawa, Kathryn L. Humphreys

“…Here we observe a reduction in gray matter volume and an increase in neurite density index (NDI), a proxy of axon density, in white matter tracts across pregnancy. …”
Get full text

Brain injury biomarkers and applications in neurological diseases by Han Zhang, Jing Wang, Yang Qu, Yi Yang, Zhen-Ni Guo, Yanjie Yin

“…In this review, we described biomarkers for neuronal cell body injury (neuron-specific enolase, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1, αII-spectrin), axonal injury (neurofilament proteins, tau), astrocyte injury (S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein), demyelination (myelin basic protein), autoantibodies, and other emerging biomarkers (extracellular vesicles, microRNAs). …”
Get full text

Role of Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome by Kishan Kumar Nyati, Kashi Nath Prasad

“…Evidences suggest that systemically and locally released cytokines and their involvement in immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage of peripheral nerves are important in the pathogenesis of GBS. …”
Get full text

The crucial role of 5hmC in neuroprotection and repair after cerebrovascular injury by Yanina Tsenkina

“…Additionally, it explores emerging evidence suggesting that 5hmC contributes to neurorepair by promoting neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. …”
Get full text

Multifaceted roles of ninjurin1 in immunity, cell death, and disease by Lili Zhu, Yunfei Xu, Yunfei Xu

“…Ninjurin1 (NINJ1) is initially identified as a nerve injury-induced adhesion molecule that facilitates axon growth. It is initially characterized to promote nerve regeneration and mediate the transendothelial transport of monocytes/macrophages associated with neuroinflammation. …”
Get full text

Brain network and energy imbalance in Parkinson’s disease: linking ATP reduction and α-synuclein pathology by Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Kazuya Kawabata, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Mizuki Ito

“…The energy imbalance also affects subcortical regions, including the massive axonal arbors in the striatum of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons, due to their high metabolic demand. …”
Get full text

Negative hemodynamic response in the visual cortex: Evidence supporting neuronal origin via hemodynamic observation and two-photon imaging by Zhen Li, Lihua He, Limin Peng, Xuan Zhu, Ming Li, Dewen Hu

“…Notably, there was an overall suppression of the calcium response in the NHR region, although a small proportion (14 %) of neurons exhibited concurrent activation. Axon tracing revealed cortico-cortical projections from S1FL to V1. …”
Get full text

Astrocyte-Secreted Matricellular Proteins in CNS Remodelling during Development and Disease by Emma V. Jones, David S. Bouvier

“…These proteins exhibit a reduced expression in adult CNS but are upregulated in reactive astrocytes following injury or disease, where they are well placed to modulate the repair processes such as tissue remodeling, axon regeneration, glial scar formation, angiogenesis, and rewiring of neural circuitry. …”
Get full text

A chitosan/acellular matrix-based neural graft carrying mesenchymal stem cells to promote peripheral nerve repair by Zhifa Zhang, Molin Li, Gang Cheng, Peng Wang, Chunhui Zhou, Yang Liu, Xiaofeng Duan, Jing Wang, Fang Xie, Yaqiong Zhu, Jianning Zhang

“…Methods Stem cell therapy with acellular MTs provided a suitable microenvironment for axonal regeneration, and compensated for the lack of repair cells in the neural ducts of male 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. …”
Get full text

Developmental and molecular effects of pure-tone sine wave exposure on early zebrafish embryo development: Implications for reproductive health by Yan Zuo, Zhilan Bai, Kaixuan Yang, Ziyuan Lin, Xiaolin Hu, Huaqin Sun

“…KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism, axon guidance, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. …”
Get full text

Restless Legs Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis by Ceyla Irkec, Doga Vurallı, Sebnem Karacay Ozkalaycı

“…RLS as the initial presentation of MS reflects that the pathophysiology of RLS in MS is related to inflammatory demyelination rather than axonal degeneration.…”
Get full text