Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Their Role in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration by Carlos Rodrigo Camara-Lemarroy, Emmanuel Irineo Gonzalez-Moreno, Francisco Javier Guzman-de la Garza, Nancy Esthela Fernandez-Garza

“…After peripheral nerve injury, a process of axonal degradation, debris clearance, and subsequent regeneration is initiated by complex local signaling, called Wallerian degeneration (WD). …”
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Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis association by L. Matukynaitė, G. Repšytė, R. Liutkevičienė, R. Balnytė

“…Typical ON is often associated with MS due to the predominant inflammation and demyelination processes in the brain leading to axonal loss. The close relation between these two conditions in etiology and pathogenesis is a key to finding the earliest and the most accurate diagnostic possibilities, which is linked to a better understanding of the ongoing mechanisms. …”
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NLRX1 limits inflammatory neurodegeneration in the anterior visual pathway by Alexander J. Gill, Matthew D. Smith, Danny Galleguillos, Thomas Garton, Jackson W. Mace, Sachin P. Gadani, Swati Kumar, Aayush Pokharel, Krista Solem, Saahith Potluri, Omar Hussein, Giuliana Sardi Rogines, Arihant Singh, Annatje Clark, Peter A. Calabresi, Marjan Gharagozloo

“…We quantified retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and optic nerve axonal degeneration, gliosis, and T-cell infiltration in Nlrx1 −/− and wild-type (WT) EAE mice and found increased RGC loss and axonal injury in Nlrx1 −/− mice compared to WT mice in both active immunization EAE and spontaneous opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE) models. …”
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Role of Regulatory T Cells in Pathogenesis and Biological Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis by Milan Buc

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. …”
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T118M Variant of PMP22 Gene Presents with Painful Peripheral Neuropathy and Varying Charcot-Marie-Tooth Features: A Case Series and Review of the Literature by Kwo Wei David Ho, Nivedita U. Jerath

“…Electrophysiological studies revealed polyneuropathy with axonal and demyelinating features in one case, but there were minimal electrophysiological changes in the other two cases. …”
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Modeling the Encephalopathy of Prematurity in Animals: The Important Role of Translational Research by Hannah C. Kinney, Joseph J. Volpe

“…Nevertheless, animal models that simultaneously address oligodendrocyte, neuronal, and axonal injury carry the potential to decipher shared mechanisms and synergistic treatments to ameliorate the global consequences of the encephalopathy of prematurity.…”
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An MRI Deep Brain Adult Template With An Advanced Atlas-Based Tool For Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis by Jean-Jacques Lemaire, Rémi Chaix, Aigerim Dautkulova, Anna Sontheimer, Jérôme Coste, Ana-Raquel Marques, Adrien Wohrer, Carine Chassain, Omar Ouachikh, Omar Ait-Aider, Denys Fontaine

“…It is open-source and gives users high resolution image datasets to describe nuclear-based and axonal architecture, combining pioneering and recent knowledge. …”
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Protection of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Kanglan Li, Shouchao Wei, Li Hu, Xiaojian Yin, Yingren Mai, Chunmei Jiang, Xiaoping Peng, Xingxing Cao, Zhongkai Huang, Haihong Zhou, Guoda Ma, Zhou Liu, Huiliang Li, Bin Zhao

“…We also found that FMT led to reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes and conferred protection on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), myelin, and axons in EAE. Taken together, our data suggest that FMT, as a GM-based therapy, has the potential to be an effective treatment for MS.…”
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A riboflavin-responsive neuronopathy with unique characteristics: Brown-Vialetto- Van Laere syndrome by Soreya BELARBI, Samira Makri MOKRANE

“… Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a rare disease characterized by progressive axonal neuropathy, optic atrophy, hearing loss, bulbar dysfunction, and respiratory failure associated with mutations in the SLC52A2 and SLC52A3 genes that code for the human riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3, respectively. …”
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Optic neuritis: relation between inflammatory genetic markers and occurrence of the disease by V. Punytė, R. Liutkevičienė

“…Although the cause of ON is multifactorial, a lot of attention is given to inflammatory and immune processes which are considered to contribute to demyelination of axons. Typical ON occurs as subacute unilateral decrease in visual acuity (VA) and pain which intensifies during eye movement. …”
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Nonapoptotic caspase-3 guides C1q-dependent synaptic phagocytosis by microglia by Megumi Andoh, Natsuki Shinoda, Yusuke Taira, Tasuku Araki, Yuka Kasahara, Haruki Takeuchi, Masayuki Miura, Yuji Ikegaya, Ryuta Koyama

“…High-resolution live imaging reveals that caspase-3 activation promotes synapse-selective complement-dependent microglial phagocytosis without axonal shearing. Furthermore, activity-dependent caspase-3 activation at inhibitory presynapses induces microglial phagocytosis in mice and increases seizure susceptibility. …”
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A riboflavin-responsive neuronopathy with unique characteristics: Brown-Vialetto- Van Laere syndrome by Soreya BELARBI, Samira Makri MOKRANE

“… Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a rare disease characterized by progressive axonal neuropathy, optic atrophy, hearing loss, bulbar dysfunction, and respiratory failure associated with mutations in the SLC52A2 and SLC52A3 genes that code for the human riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3, respectively. …”
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Neuroendocrine Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Arising in Long Standing History of Multiple Sclerosis by Stergios Boussios, Vasiliki Kostadima, Anna Batistatou, Ioannis Tourkantonis, George Fotopoulos, Maria I. Argyropoulou, Nicholas Pavlidis

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that targets myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is a well-recognised clinical disorder, accounting for 3–5% of all malignant epithelial tumors. …”
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Fahr Syndrome Unknown Complication: Overactive Bladder by Devrim Tuglu, Ercan Yuvanç, Fatih Bal, Yakup Türkel, Ersel Dağ, Erdal Yılmaz, Ertan Batislam

“…We consider the detrusor overactivity which occurred one year after the start of the neurological symptoms as the suprapontine inhibition and damage in the axonal pathways in the Fahr syndrome.…”
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Combination Treatment of C16 Peptide and Angiopoietin-1 Alleviates Neuromyelitis Optica in an Experimental Model by Yuanyuan Zhang, Kewei Tian, Hong Jiang, Beibei Wang, Shu Han

“…Our results demonstrated that this combination therapy significantly decreased disease severity, inflammatory cell infiltration, secondary demyelination, and axonal loss, thus reducing neural death. In conclusion, our study suggests a possible treatment that can relieve progressive blindness and paralysis in an animal model of NMO through improvement of the inflammatory milieu.…”
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Bone Marrow-Derived, Neural-Like Cells Have the Characteristics of Neurons to Protect the Peripheral Nerve in Microenvironment by Shi-lei Guo, Zhi-ying Zhang, Yan Xu, Yun-xia Zhi, Chang-jie Han, Yu-hao Zhou, Fang Liu, Hai-yan Lin, Chuan-sen Zhang

“…Effective repair of peripheral nerve defects is difficult because of the slow growth of new axonal growth. We propose that “neural-like cells” may be useful for the protection of peripheral nerve destructions. …”
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Role of Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome by Kishan Kumar Nyati, Kashi Nath Prasad

“…Evidences suggest that systemically and locally released cytokines and their involvement in immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage of peripheral nerves are important in the pathogenesis of GBS. …”
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The crucial role of 5hmC in neuroprotection and repair after cerebrovascular injury by Yanina Tsenkina

“…Additionally, it explores emerging evidence suggesting that 5hmC contributes to neurorepair by promoting neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. …”
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Cap-Assisted Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of an Incidental Rectal Traumatic Neuroma by Elias Estifan, Varun Patel, Matthew Grossman

“…A traumatic neuroma is a well-known complication after acute trauma to a peripheral nerve; the nerve tries to re-establish continuity by an orderly growth of axons from the peripheral to distal stump through the proliferation of Schwann cells. …”
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Brain network and energy imbalance in Parkinson’s disease: linking ATP reduction and α-synuclein pathology by Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Kazuya Kawabata, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Mizuki Ito

“…The energy imbalance also affects subcortical regions, including the massive axonal arbors in the striatum of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons, due to their high metabolic demand. …”
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